This document discusses attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It defines ADHD as a persistent pattern of inattention and hyperactivity that is more frequent in children than their peers. There are three main types of ADHD: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive, and combined. The causes include changes in brain structure, genetics, biochemical factors like deficits in dopamine and norepinephrine, prenatal exposure to drugs or chemicals, and gender with boys being more commonly affected than girls. Symptoms, diagnosis, treatment including medications and behavioral therapy, and nursing interventions are outlined.

2. Submitted by:-
Mohit Kumar Meena
B.SC(nsg.) 3rd year
BMCHRC college of nsg
JAIPUR

3. Hyper kinetic disorder also known as
ADHD(attention deficit hyperactivity
syndrome).
A condition that makes it difficult for
children to pay attention or control their
behaviour.
This syndrome was first described by
heinrich hoff in 1854.

4.  DEFINITION
 Hyperkinetic disorder is a persistant
pattern of inattention and hyperactivity
more frequent in children at a similar level
of development.

5. 1. Predominant Inattentive ADHD
2. Predominant Hyperactive ADHD
3. Combined ADHD
• TYPES OF ADHD

6. • PREDOMINANT
INATTENTIVE
1. Diffculty paying attention
2. Struggles to concentrate and complete tasks
3. Forgetful and easily distracted
4. Poor organisational skills

7. CONT.....
5. Lethargic
6. Sluggish
7. Shy
8. Anxious
9. Constantly day dreaming
10. Most often diagnosed in adolescent girls
11. Avoid tasks requiring mental efforts

8. • PREDOMINANT
HYPERACTIVE
1. Diffculty controlling behaviour , with
an incresed risk for serious agggresive
or oppositional behaviour and
antisocial conduct.
2. Fidget and excessively restless
3. Blurt out comments that are
inappropriate and often do not think
before they act.

9. CONT.....
4. Runs about/ climbs extensively when
inappropriate
5.

10. • COMBINED
ADHD1. Combines symptoms of the other two forms
of ADHD
2. Most common form of ADHD
3. Diagnosed in boys of elementry school age

11. • CAUSES :-
1. Changes in brain structure
2. Genetic & Heridity
a. There is greater concordancein
monozygotic then dizygotic twins.
b. Biological parents of children with the
disorder have a higher incidence of
ADHD then do adoptive parents.

12.  CONT….
3. Biochemical
•A deficit of dopamine and norepinephrine
has been attributed in the overactivity seen
in ADHD. This deficit of neurotransmitters
is believed to lower the threshold for stimuli
input.

13. 4. Mother is exposed to chemical drug during
pregnancy(Smoking,Alcohol,Drugs)
5. Gender:- boys are 3x more common then
girls
6. Low birth weight
7. Lead poisioning

14. • NEGATIVE TRAITS OF
ADHD
1. Emotional problems
2. Anxiety
3. Restlessness
4. Health problems(compulsive poor eating)
5. Forgetfullness
6. Disorganised
7. Interrupting others during conversation

15. • POSITIVE TRAITS OF
ADHD
1. Creative
2. Fresh/fast thinking
3. Passionate
4. Hard worker
5. Flexibility
6. Goal oriented
7. Brilliant

19. • DIAGNOSIS
1. Complete medical evaluation,with
emphasis on a neurologic examination,
hearing and vision.
2. A psychiatric evaluation to assess
intelactual ability,academic achievement
and potential learning disorder problem.

20. • CONT.....
3. Detailed prenatel history and early
devlopmental history.
4. Direct observation
5. Teacher school report and parents report

21. • TREATMENT
1. Behaviour therapy(change/monitor client
behaviour)
2. Psychiatric consult
3. Antipsychotics
4. CNS stimulants-methyl
5. Medications
6. Family education

23. • NURSING
INTERVENTION :-
1. Develop a trusting relationship with
the child.convey acceptance of the
child, separate child from the
unacceptable behavior.
2. Ensure the child’s attention by calling
his name and establishing eye
contact,before giving instructions.

24. • CONT.....
3. Provide quite environment,self
contained classrooms,and small group
activities. Avoid over stimulating
places such as cinema halls,bus
stops,and other crowded places.
4. Help him learn how to take his
turn,wait in line and follow rules.

25. • CONT.....
5. Educatechild and family on the use of
psychostimulants and anticipated
behavioral response.
6. Coordinate overall treatment plan
with schools,and collateral
personnel,the child and the family.