The document discusses depth sounding equipment used in hydrographic surveying. It explains that depth is measured by a transducer transmitting sonic pulses that reflect off the seafloor back to the vessel's receiver, allowing the distance to be calculated based on pulse speed and reflection time. The key components of depth sounding equipment include the transducer's frequency, beam divergence, and depth capability, which are affected by factors like transmitter power, receiver sensitivity, water conditions, and bottom composition.

1. HYDROGRAPHIC
SURVEYING
LECTURE 4:
DEPTH SOUNDING EQUIPMENT
BY: AHMED YASSER AHMED MOHAMED NASSAR
SECTION: 1 ID:20

2. HOW DEPTH
SOUNDING WORKS
• Transducer
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3. HOW DEPTH
SOUNDING WORKS
• Transducer transmits (sonic
pulses) Sounds
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4. HOW DEPTH
SOUNDING WORKS
• When sonic pulses detect a
ground, it reflects to the vessel
receiver , them with known
pulse speed and time needed
to reflect, we calculate the
distance.
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5. COMPONENTS
OF DEPTH
SOUNDING
EQUIPMENT
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FREQUENCY
BEAM
DIVERGENCE
(CONE
ANGLE)
DEPTH

6. FREQUENCY ,
DEPTH AND
DIVERGENCE
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7. FREQUENCY ,
DEPTH AND
DIVERGENCE
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8. ELEMENTS EFFECT DEPTH CAPABILITY
1. Transmitter power.
2. Receiver, sensitivity.
3. Frequency.
4. Transducer.
5. Transducer installation.
6. Water conditions and types.
7. Bottom conditions .
8. Factors affecting wave propagation include: temperature, salinity , pressure and density.
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9. THANKS
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