This document discusses ultrasonic waves, which are sound waves with frequencies above the normal hearing range of humans. It describes how ultrasonic waves are generated using piezoelectric and magnetostriction oscillators. The properties and applications of ultrasonic waves are then outlined, including using them to detect flaws in metals, measure distances, determine ocean depths, cut and weld metals, and for medical uses like removing kidney stones. The document concludes that ultrasonic technology is used widely across various fields like medicine, testing products, cleaning, and by some animals.

2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION TO ULTRASONIC
• SPECTRUM OF SOUND WAVES
• GENERATION OF ULTRASONIC WAVES
• PROPERTIES OF ULTRASONIC WAVES
• ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE
• APPLICATION AND USES
• CONCLUSION

3. WHAT IS ULTRASONIC WAVES?
• ULTRASONICS IS MADE UP OF TWO WORDS “ULTRA” MEANING BEYOND AND “SONICS” MEANING
SOUND.
• A SOUND WAVE TRANSMITTED AT A FREQUENCY GREATER THAN 20,000 HZ PER SECOND, OR BEYOND THE
NORMAL HEARING RANGE OF HUMANS. THE SPECIFIC WAVELENGTH IS EQUAL TO THE VELOCITY DIVIDED
BY THE FREQUENCY.

4. ULTRASONIC

5. SPECTRUM OF SOUND WAVES
FREQUENCY DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
>20 HZ INFRASOUND EARTHQUAKES
20HZ-20KHZ AUDIBLE SOUND MUSIC
<20 KHZ ULTRASONICS BAT

6. GENERATION OF ULTRASONIC WAVES
• METHODS TO GENERATE ULTRASONIC:
• ULTRASONIC ARE GENERATED BY USING OSCILLATORS NAMELY.
• 1. PIEZO ELECTRIC OSCILLATOR.
• 2. MAGNETO STRICTION OSCILLATOR

7. PROPERTIES OF ULTRASONIC WAVES
• THEY HAVE A LARGE ENERGY CONTENT.
• THEY CAN BE TRANSMITTED OVER LONG DISTANCES WITHOUT APPRECIABLE LOSS OF ENERGY.
• VELOCITY OF ULTRASONIC WAVES DEPENDS ON THE TEMPERATURE AND FREQUENCY OF THE MEDIUM.
• JUST LIKE ORDINARY WAVES , ULTRASONIC WAVES GET REFLECTED , REFRACTED AND ABSORBED.

8. ADVANTAGES:-
• ADVANTAGES:-
• 1.THE DEIGN OF THIS GENERATOR IS VERY SIMPLE & COST IS LAW
• 2.AT LOW FREQUENCIES, LARGE O/P IS POSSIBLE WITHOUT THE RISK OF DAMAGE TO THE OSCILLATORY
CIRCUIT.
• 3.FREQUENCIES RANGING FROM 100HZ TO 3000KHZ.

9. DISADVANTAGES:-
• 1.IT CAN’T GENERATE FREQUENCIES OF ULTRASONIC GREATER THAN 3000KHZ
• 2.THE FREQUENCY OF OSCILLATION DEPENDS GREATLY ON TEMPERATURE.
• 3.THERE WILL BE LOSSES OF ENERGY DUE TO HYSTERESIS AND EDDY CURRENT.

10. ONE IMPORTANT APPLICATION HOW TO
GENERATE THE ULTRASONIC WAVE
ULTRASONIC BASED DISTANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
ULTRASONIC SENSORS (ALSO KNOWN AS TRANSCEIVERS WHEN THEY BOTH SEND AND RECEIVE) SHOWN IN
FIGURE WORK ON A PRINCIPLE, WHICH EVALUATE ATTRIBUTES OF A TARGET BY INTERPRETING THE ECHOES
FROM RADIO OR SOUND WAVES RESPECTIVELY. ULTRASONIC SENSORS GENERATE HIGH FREQUENCY SOUND
WAVES AND EVALUATE THE ECHO WHICH IS RECEIVED BACK BY THE SENSOR

11. ULTRASONIC SENSOR WAVES

12. ULTRASONIC SENSOR WAVES

13. ULTRASONIC SENSOR DISTANCE
DETERMINING
• SCIENTISTS HAVE DETERMINED THAT THE SPEED OF SOUND IS APPROXIMATELY 341M/S IN AIR. THE
ULTRASONIC SENSOR USES THIS INFORMATION ALONG WITH THE TIME DIFFERENT BETWEEN SENDING AND
RECEIVING THE SOUND PULSE TO DETERMINE DISTANCE TO AN OBJECT USING THE FOLLOWING FORMULA
• DISTANCE TO OBJECT =
𝐓 𝐱 𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝
𝟐
• T=TIME BETWEEN WHEN AN ULTRASONIC WAVE IS EMITTED AND WHEN IT IS REVISED THAT’S TIME IS
CALLED T

14. HOW IS THE DEPTH OF SEA MEASURED
USING ULTRASONIC WAVES?

15. APPLICATIONS OF ULTRASONIC WAVES
•SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
• 1. IT IS USED TO DETECT FLAWS OR CRACKED IN METALS.
• 2.IT IS USED TO DETECT SHIPS, SUBMARINES, ICEBERG ETC, IN OCEAN.
• 3. IT IS USED FOR SOLDERING ALUMINUM COIL CAPACITORS, ALUMINUM WIRES AND PLATES WITHOUT
USING ANY FLUXES.
• 4. IT IS USED TO WELD SOME METALS WHICH CAN’T BE WELDED BY ELECTRIC OR GAS WELDING
• 5. IT IS USED TO CUTTING AND DRILLING HOLES IN METALS.

16. CONT…….
• MEDICINE
• 8. IT IS USED TO REMOVE KIDNEY STONES AND BRAIN TUMORS
WITHOUT SHEDDING ANY BLOOD.
• 9. IT IS USED TO REMOVE BROKEN TEETH.
• 10. IT IS USED FOR STERILIZING MILK AND TO KILL BACTERIA.
• 11. IT IS USED TO STUDY THE BLOOD FLOW VELOCITIES IN
BLOOD VESSELS OF OUR BODY.

17. CONT….
• ULTRASONIC CAN ALSO SPEED UP CERTAIN CHEMICAL REACTIONS. HENCE, IT HAS GAINED APPLICATION
IN AGRICULTURE,

18. USES OF ULTRASONIC
• ULTRASONIC CLEANERS ARE USED AT FREQUENCIES FROM 20 TO 40 KHZ FOR
• JEWELRY,
• LENSES
• OTHER OPTICAL PARTS,
• WATCHES, DENTAL INSTRUMENTS
• SURGICAL INSTRUMENT
• DIVING REGULATORS AND INDUSTRIAL PARTS.

19. CONCLUSION
• ULTRASOUND IS USED IN MANY DIFFERENT FIELDS. ULTRASONIC
DEVICES ARE USED TO DETECT OBJECTS AND MEASURE DISTANCES.
ULTRASONIC IMAGING IS USED IN BOTH VETERINARY
MEDICINE AND HUMAN MEDICINE. IN THE NONDESTRUCTIVE
TESTING OF PRODUCTS AND STRUCTURES, ULTRASOUND IS USED
TO DETECT INVISIBLE FLAWS. INDUSTRIALLY, ULTRASOUND IS USED
FOR CLEANING AND FOR MIXING, AND TO ACCELERATE CHEMICAL
PROCESSES. ANIMALS SUCH AS BATS AND PORPOISES USE
ULTRASOUND FOR LOCATING PREY AND OBSTACLES.