The document provides information on 20th century pre-war architectural styles. It discusses the history and key characteristics of pre-war homes built between 1890 and 1940, including hardwood floors, high ceilings, fireplaces, and ornate details. Examples of iconic pre-war buildings like the Beresford apartment building in New York and 740 Park Avenue are described. The document also covers the Art Nouveau style originating in Belgium and France in the 1880s, characterized by organic forms and flowing botanical motifs. Notable Art Nouveau architects like Victor Horta and Hector Guimard are discussed.
The document provides information on several influential modern architects and their works:
- The International Style emerged in the 1920s-1930s with characteristics of rectilinear forms, light planes stripped of ornamentation, and use of glass, steel and concrete.
- Frank Lloyd Wright designed over 1000 structures in his philosophy of organic architecture that blended with nature, like Fallingwater. Mies van der Rohe pioneered modern architecture using steel and glass like his Farnsworth House.
- Le Corbusier developed the five points of architecture used in works like the Villa Savoye. Gropius founded the Bauhaus School and designed the Fagus Factory using modern materials.
Art Deco was an influential design style that emerged after World War I, characterized by geometric shapes, bold colors, and lavish ornamentation. It represented luxury, modernism, and faith in social and technological progress. Many buildings from the 1930s-1940s have an Art Deco exterior with symmetrical designs, distinctive windows and colors. Identifying characteristics of Art Deco architecture include rounded corners, horizontal banding, columns, glass blocks, and zigzag or stepped designs. Materials often included stucco, concrete, stone, and terra cotta. Windows were usually arranged in continuous horizontal bands. Prominent Art Deco buildings included the Chrysler Building, Empire State Building, and Radio City Music Hall.
The document discusses the International Style of Architecture, which developed in the 1920s-1930s and emphasized modern materials like steel, glass, and concrete. It expresses structure directly and eliminates ornamentation. Key characteristics included rectilinear forms, exposed structures, rejection of color and ornament, and open interior spaces. Design principles involved symmetry, asymmetry, repetition, and rhythm. Prominent architects who helped define the style included Walter Gropius, J.J.P. Oud, and Le Corbusier. By the 1970s, the style had become so dominant that it stifled innovation.
Art Nouveau was an international style popular from 1890-1910 that featured sinuous and flowing organic lines inspired by nature. It emerged in various visual arts including architecture, where some key features were asymmetrical shapes, arched forms, and plant-like embellishments. Important Art Nouveau buildings included Casa Batlló and Casa Milà in Barcelona, Spain, known for their curving forms and use of materials like mosaic tiles and stained glass, as well as the Horta Museum in Belgium, featuring exposed columns, curved glass, and continuity of curved designs.
Modern architecture developed in reaction to 19th century styles by emphasizing form following function. New building types arose with industrialization like skyscrapers and warehouses using steel and concrete. Pioneers in the late 19th/early 20th century included Joseph Paxton, Louis Sullivan, and Otto Wagner. The Bauhaus school under Walter Gropius and figures like Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe popularized the International Style using steel frames, flat roofs, and open floor plans. Notable modern buildings include the Guggenheim Museum, Seagram Building, and Sydney Opera House.
Expressionist architecture developed in early 20th century Europe in parallel with expressionist art movements. It sought to transform reality rather than imitate it through distorting forms for emotional effect. Notable expressionist architects included Erich Mendelsohn, Eero Saarinen, and Bruno Taut. Mendelsohn's Einstein Tower in Potsdam used organic, amorphous forms to symbolize Einsteinian concepts. Saarinen's TWA Terminal at JFK Airport sculpted dramatic curves to express the excitement of travel. Taut's Glass Pavilion at the 1914 Werkbund Exhibition in Cologne was one of the first buildings made entirely of glass, using it to provoke vivid human experiences.
The document provides biographical information about Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, better known as Le Corbusier, the renowned Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, urban planner and writer. It outlines his early life and education, key architectural ideas including his Five Points of Architecture and Modulor system, and some of his most famous works such as the Villa Savoye, Unité d'Habitation, and the master planning of Chandigarh, India.
Robie House and Bradley House by Sir F.L.WrightViv S
The document provides information about three houses designed by Frank Lloyd Wright: the Frederick C. Robie House in Chicago, Illinois, the B. Harley Bradley House in Kankakee, Illinois, and an unspecified house. It describes the key features of Wright's Prairie Style of architecture used in the homes, including low horizontal lines, open floor plans, central chimneys, and integration with the surrounding landscapes. The Robie House is highlighted for its steel frame construction, brick and glass materials, and floor plans divided between public, living, and bedroom spaces.
The document provides information on several influential modern architects and their works:
- The International Style emerged in the 1920s-1930s with characteristics of rectilinear forms, light planes stripped of ornamentation, and use of glass, steel and concrete.
- Frank Lloyd Wright designed over 1000 structures in his philosophy of organic architecture that blended with nature, like Fallingwater. Mies van der Rohe pioneered modern architecture using steel and glass like his Farnsworth House.
- Le Corbusier developed the five points of architecture used in works like the Villa Savoye. Gropius founded the Bauhaus School and designed the Fagus Factory using modern materials.
Art Deco was an influential design style that emerged after World War I, characterized by geometric shapes, bold colors, and lavish ornamentation. It represented luxury, modernism, and faith in social and technological progress. Many buildings from the 1930s-1940s have an Art Deco exterior with symmetrical designs, distinctive windows and colors. Identifying characteristics of Art Deco architecture include rounded corners, horizontal banding, columns, glass blocks, and zigzag or stepped designs. Materials often included stucco, concrete, stone, and terra cotta. Windows were usually arranged in continuous horizontal bands. Prominent Art Deco buildings included the Chrysler Building, Empire State Building, and Radio City Music Hall.
The document discusses the International Style of Architecture, which developed in the 1920s-1930s and emphasized modern materials like steel, glass, and concrete. It expresses structure directly and eliminates ornamentation. Key characteristics included rectilinear forms, exposed structures, rejection of color and ornament, and open interior spaces. Design principles involved symmetry, asymmetry, repetition, and rhythm. Prominent architects who helped define the style included Walter Gropius, J.J.P. Oud, and Le Corbusier. By the 1970s, the style had become so dominant that it stifled innovation.
Art Nouveau was an international style popular from 1890-1910 that featured sinuous and flowing organic lines inspired by nature. It emerged in various visual arts including architecture, where some key features were asymmetrical shapes, arched forms, and plant-like embellishments. Important Art Nouveau buildings included Casa Batlló and Casa Milà in Barcelona, Spain, known for their curving forms and use of materials like mosaic tiles and stained glass, as well as the Horta Museum in Belgium, featuring exposed columns, curved glass, and continuity of curved designs.
Modern architecture developed in reaction to 19th century styles by emphasizing form following function. New building types arose with industrialization like skyscrapers and warehouses using steel and concrete. Pioneers in the late 19th/early 20th century included Joseph Paxton, Louis Sullivan, and Otto Wagner. The Bauhaus school under Walter Gropius and figures like Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe popularized the International Style using steel frames, flat roofs, and open floor plans. Notable modern buildings include the Guggenheim Museum, Seagram Building, and Sydney Opera House.
Expressionist architecture developed in early 20th century Europe in parallel with expressionist art movements. It sought to transform reality rather than imitate it through distorting forms for emotional effect. Notable expressionist architects included Erich Mendelsohn, Eero Saarinen, and Bruno Taut. Mendelsohn's Einstein Tower in Potsdam used organic, amorphous forms to symbolize Einsteinian concepts. Saarinen's TWA Terminal at JFK Airport sculpted dramatic curves to express the excitement of travel. Taut's Glass Pavilion at the 1914 Werkbund Exhibition in Cologne was one of the first buildings made entirely of glass, using it to provoke vivid human experiences.
The document provides biographical information about Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, better known as Le Corbusier, the renowned Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, urban planner and writer. It outlines his early life and education, key architectural ideas including his Five Points of Architecture and Modulor system, and some of his most famous works such as the Villa Savoye, Unité d'Habitation, and the master planning of Chandigarh, India.
Robie House and Bradley House by Sir F.L.WrightViv S
The document provides information about three houses designed by Frank Lloyd Wright: the Frederick C. Robie House in Chicago, Illinois, the B. Harley Bradley House in Kankakee, Illinois, and an unspecified house. It describes the key features of Wright's Prairie Style of architecture used in the homes, including low horizontal lines, open floor plans, central chimneys, and integration with the surrounding landscapes. The Robie House is highlighted for its steel frame construction, brick and glass materials, and floor plans divided between public, living, and bedroom spaces.
Frank Gehry is a renowned Canadian-American architect known for his innovative deconstructivist designs. Some of his most famous works include the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, which helped revitalize the city through its distinctive titanium cladding and irregular forms. The Gehry House in Santa Monica employed corrugated metal, wood, and chain-link fencing to wrap around and expand an existing home. The Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, praised for its acoustics, features a vineyard-style seating configuration within wood-paneled walls and a Douglas fir ceiling. Gehry's organic, sculptural designs break from strict grids and push architectural boundaries through unconventional shapes and materials.
The document provides information about the Bauhaus school of art and design founded in Germany in 1919. It discusses the school's approach of integrating art, technology and craftsmanship. Buildings were simple, functional and industrial in style, using materials like steel, glass and concrete. Ornament was derived from the visual effects of materials. The goal was to create an aesthetic suited to the modern world by relating form, materials and function. Key figures discussed include founder Walter Gropius and designs like the Bauhaus school building in Dessau with its asymmetrical forms and use of glass. Furniture was designed to be simple, unornamented and functional.
Alvar Aalto was a Finnish architect known for his organic modernist style that was influenced by nature. Some of his most famous works include Villa Mairea, which featured courtyard and massing designs inspired by nature, and Paimio Sanatorium, a tuberculosis hospital with abundant natural light and cantilevered balconies. Aalto also designed furniture like the Paimio Chair and Zebra Chair using wood and innovative bending techniques. He had a philosophy of humanistic modernism and aimed to integrate architecture with its natural surroundings.
Expressionism Modernism Sustainable Architecture Rookery Walt Disney Concert ...Dipesh Pradhan
This document provides information on contemporary architecture, including expressionism, modernism, and sustainable architecture. It discusses the expressionist movement in Germany and key expressionist architects and buildings. Modernism is introduced as a reaction to industrialization and a search for new forms of expression. Key philosophies and early modernist figures are outlined. Principles of sustainable design are presented, including reducing resource use, life cycle design, and humane design. The Rookery Building in Chicago is highlighted as an architectural masterpiece incorporating these principles.
The Chrysler Building in New York City is considered a leading example of Art Deco architecture. Constructed from 1928 to 1930, it was briefly the world's tallest building. It features a steel frame with terra cotta cladding and a distinctive terraced crown topped with eagles and radiator ornaments. Inside, the lavish lobby celebrates the Art Deco era with triangular motifs, curved lines, and rich materials like African marble and chrome detailing.
Less is more
OUTLINE
Intro
Biography
Pioneers of Modern architecture
Philosophy
Style
Features
Traditionalism to Modernism
Characteristic features
Furniture
Works
Chicago school
Barcelona pavilion
S.r crown hall
Rem Koolhaas is a renowned Dutch architect known for his innovative and gravity-defying structures. After graduating from architecture school in 1972, he founded OMA, his architecture firm, which takes an experimental approach to design through research, model-making, and allowing creative freedom. Some of Koolhaas' most notable buildings include the CCTV Headquarters in Beijing, Casa da Música in Porto, and Seattle Central Library, which showcase his bold visions for reinventing typologies through unique forms and spatial experiences.
EARLY MODERN ERA
culmination of iron-frame architecture (Crystal Palace, Eiffel Tower),Chicago school: skyscrapers (Jenney), functionalism (Sullivan)
international style (Gropius, Corbusier, Mies),Wright (organic architecture
Frank Gehry is an American architect born in 1929 in Toronto, Canada. He is known for his innovative designs that feature unusual shapes and dramatic forms inspired by nature. Some of his most famous buildings include the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain (1997), the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles (2003), and the Weisman Art Museum in Minneapolis (1993). Gehry often uses new technologies like CAD software to design complex curved shapes out of materials like steel, glass, and stone. His unique architectural style has transformed buildings into works of art and has had a significant influence on modern architecture.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
"MODERN ARCHITECTURE"
Le Corbusier
Frank Lloyd Wright
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Walter Gropius
Louis Sullivan
C.R. Mackintosh
Edwin Lutyens
Antoni Gaudi
Postmodern architecture emerged in the 1960s as a rejection of the strict functionalism of modern architecture. It sought to reintroduce ornamentation, color, and references to historical styles. Key characteristics included drawing from multiple sources rather than pure forms, moving away from neutral colors, and taking elements from different styles and combining them in new ways. Notable postmodern architects included Robert Venturi, Philip Johnson, and Michael Graves.
Frank Gehry designed the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, completing construction in 2003. The building features an intricate exterior of overlapping sculptural forms clad in steel that has been called a work of art. Gehry aimed to create a space with intimate acoustics that represented the hull of a boat to connect the orchestra and audience through music. The design defies symmetry with organic volumes and surfaces bridged by glass, fulfilling an important role in the urban area through Gehry's unique vision.
The document summarizes the Arts and Crafts movement in 19th century Britain. It was a reaction against industrialization and mass production, promoting handcraftsmanship and traditional design. Key figures included William Morris, John Ruskin, and Philip Webb. Morris and Webb designed the iconic Red House in 1858-60, featuring craft details, stained glass, and an asymmetrical layout inspired by vernacular architecture. The movement sought to improve design and workers' lives but declined due to high costs of production. Its emphasis on craftsmanship, nature, and simplicity had a lasting influence on design.
Adolf Loos was an Austrian architect born in 1870 who was influential in early modern architecture. He traveled extensively in the United States as a young man, which inspired his plain, unadorned style that rejected ornamentation. Loos believed that ornamentation was unnecessary and a waste of resources. Some of his most notable works include the Steiner House in Vienna, known for its stucco facade and tripartite design, the Rufer House which pioneered his Raumplan concept of interconnected rooms at different levels, and the Villa Mueller in Prague with its severe symmetrical design and public versus private spaces organized by floor.
A brief description on Le Corbusier's life, design philosophies & some projects including a detailed case study. I recommend viewers to download the presentation and then view it bcoz many slides (slide 12) are apparently useless without animation!!
- Rakesh Samaddar
Dept. of Architecture
IIT Kharagpur
India
1. Cubism in architecture led to simplified building designs, use of industrially produced materials, and increased use of glass. However, cubism had no direct link to modern architecture and connections were made through shared formal qualities.
2. Early skyscrapers in Chicago used strong horizontal lines to downplay their verticality. Louis Sullivan used a bold style to express American confidence and prosperity in the late 19th century.
3. Frank Lloyd Wright's Prairie houses used mass-produced materials and bold, plain walls to achieve economic and spacious designs that promoted modern family living.
The document provides an overview of architectural styles before World War I. It discusses the rise of Eclecticism, where elements of historical styles were combined to create original designs. Specific styles included Gothic Revival, Orientalism, Beaux-Arts, Arts and Crafts, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco. Beaux-Arts emphasized neoclassical styles and taught through conceptual sketches and presentation drawings. Eclecticism allowed for more creative freedom than nostalgia-driven styles and became popular as architects sought new approaches.
This document provides a brief history and overview of several common residential architectural styles in the United States, including Colonial, Dutch Colonial, French Colonial, Spanish Colonial, Colonial Revival, Beaux Arts, Foursquare, Cape Cod, Split Level, Raised Ranch, and Greek Revival. It discusses the origins and key characteristics of each style, and includes examples of floor plans and architectural details. The author hopes readers find this informative and enjoyable.
Massachusetts Continuing Education Course – 2 Credits. Discover the many varied and historical architectural styles and construction methods that were built here in New England. Join us as we explore the science and art of structural design.
Frank Gehry is a renowned Canadian-American architect known for his innovative deconstructivist designs. Some of his most famous works include the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, which helped revitalize the city through its distinctive titanium cladding and irregular forms. The Gehry House in Santa Monica employed corrugated metal, wood, and chain-link fencing to wrap around and expand an existing home. The Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, praised for its acoustics, features a vineyard-style seating configuration within wood-paneled walls and a Douglas fir ceiling. Gehry's organic, sculptural designs break from strict grids and push architectural boundaries through unconventional shapes and materials.
The document provides information about the Bauhaus school of art and design founded in Germany in 1919. It discusses the school's approach of integrating art, technology and craftsmanship. Buildings were simple, functional and industrial in style, using materials like steel, glass and concrete. Ornament was derived from the visual effects of materials. The goal was to create an aesthetic suited to the modern world by relating form, materials and function. Key figures discussed include founder Walter Gropius and designs like the Bauhaus school building in Dessau with its asymmetrical forms and use of glass. Furniture was designed to be simple, unornamented and functional.
Alvar Aalto was a Finnish architect known for his organic modernist style that was influenced by nature. Some of his most famous works include Villa Mairea, which featured courtyard and massing designs inspired by nature, and Paimio Sanatorium, a tuberculosis hospital with abundant natural light and cantilevered balconies. Aalto also designed furniture like the Paimio Chair and Zebra Chair using wood and innovative bending techniques. He had a philosophy of humanistic modernism and aimed to integrate architecture with its natural surroundings.
Expressionism Modernism Sustainable Architecture Rookery Walt Disney Concert ...Dipesh Pradhan
This document provides information on contemporary architecture, including expressionism, modernism, and sustainable architecture. It discusses the expressionist movement in Germany and key expressionist architects and buildings. Modernism is introduced as a reaction to industrialization and a search for new forms of expression. Key philosophies and early modernist figures are outlined. Principles of sustainable design are presented, including reducing resource use, life cycle design, and humane design. The Rookery Building in Chicago is highlighted as an architectural masterpiece incorporating these principles.
The Chrysler Building in New York City is considered a leading example of Art Deco architecture. Constructed from 1928 to 1930, it was briefly the world's tallest building. It features a steel frame with terra cotta cladding and a distinctive terraced crown topped with eagles and radiator ornaments. Inside, the lavish lobby celebrates the Art Deco era with triangular motifs, curved lines, and rich materials like African marble and chrome detailing.
Less is more
OUTLINE
Intro
Biography
Pioneers of Modern architecture
Philosophy
Style
Features
Traditionalism to Modernism
Characteristic features
Furniture
Works
Chicago school
Barcelona pavilion
S.r crown hall
Rem Koolhaas is a renowned Dutch architect known for his innovative and gravity-defying structures. After graduating from architecture school in 1972, he founded OMA, his architecture firm, which takes an experimental approach to design through research, model-making, and allowing creative freedom. Some of Koolhaas' most notable buildings include the CCTV Headquarters in Beijing, Casa da Música in Porto, and Seattle Central Library, which showcase his bold visions for reinventing typologies through unique forms and spatial experiences.
EARLY MODERN ERA
culmination of iron-frame architecture (Crystal Palace, Eiffel Tower),Chicago school: skyscrapers (Jenney), functionalism (Sullivan)
international style (Gropius, Corbusier, Mies),Wright (organic architecture
Frank Gehry is an American architect born in 1929 in Toronto, Canada. He is known for his innovative designs that feature unusual shapes and dramatic forms inspired by nature. Some of his most famous buildings include the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain (1997), the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles (2003), and the Weisman Art Museum in Minneapolis (1993). Gehry often uses new technologies like CAD software to design complex curved shapes out of materials like steel, glass, and stone. His unique architectural style has transformed buildings into works of art and has had a significant influence on modern architecture.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
"MODERN ARCHITECTURE"
Le Corbusier
Frank Lloyd Wright
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Walter Gropius
Louis Sullivan
C.R. Mackintosh
Edwin Lutyens
Antoni Gaudi
Postmodern architecture emerged in the 1960s as a rejection of the strict functionalism of modern architecture. It sought to reintroduce ornamentation, color, and references to historical styles. Key characteristics included drawing from multiple sources rather than pure forms, moving away from neutral colors, and taking elements from different styles and combining them in new ways. Notable postmodern architects included Robert Venturi, Philip Johnson, and Michael Graves.
Frank Gehry designed the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, completing construction in 2003. The building features an intricate exterior of overlapping sculptural forms clad in steel that has been called a work of art. Gehry aimed to create a space with intimate acoustics that represented the hull of a boat to connect the orchestra and audience through music. The design defies symmetry with organic volumes and surfaces bridged by glass, fulfilling an important role in the urban area through Gehry's unique vision.
The document summarizes the Arts and Crafts movement in 19th century Britain. It was a reaction against industrialization and mass production, promoting handcraftsmanship and traditional design. Key figures included William Morris, John Ruskin, and Philip Webb. Morris and Webb designed the iconic Red House in 1858-60, featuring craft details, stained glass, and an asymmetrical layout inspired by vernacular architecture. The movement sought to improve design and workers' lives but declined due to high costs of production. Its emphasis on craftsmanship, nature, and simplicity had a lasting influence on design.
Adolf Loos was an Austrian architect born in 1870 who was influential in early modern architecture. He traveled extensively in the United States as a young man, which inspired his plain, unadorned style that rejected ornamentation. Loos believed that ornamentation was unnecessary and a waste of resources. Some of his most notable works include the Steiner House in Vienna, known for its stucco facade and tripartite design, the Rufer House which pioneered his Raumplan concept of interconnected rooms at different levels, and the Villa Mueller in Prague with its severe symmetrical design and public versus private spaces organized by floor.
A brief description on Le Corbusier's life, design philosophies & some projects including a detailed case study. I recommend viewers to download the presentation and then view it bcoz many slides (slide 12) are apparently useless without animation!!
- Rakesh Samaddar
Dept. of Architecture
IIT Kharagpur
India
1. Cubism in architecture led to simplified building designs, use of industrially produced materials, and increased use of glass. However, cubism had no direct link to modern architecture and connections were made through shared formal qualities.
2. Early skyscrapers in Chicago used strong horizontal lines to downplay their verticality. Louis Sullivan used a bold style to express American confidence and prosperity in the late 19th century.
3. Frank Lloyd Wright's Prairie houses used mass-produced materials and bold, plain walls to achieve economic and spacious designs that promoted modern family living.
The document provides an overview of architectural styles before World War I. It discusses the rise of Eclecticism, where elements of historical styles were combined to create original designs. Specific styles included Gothic Revival, Orientalism, Beaux-Arts, Arts and Crafts, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco. Beaux-Arts emphasized neoclassical styles and taught through conceptual sketches and presentation drawings. Eclecticism allowed for more creative freedom than nostalgia-driven styles and became popular as architects sought new approaches.
This document provides a brief history and overview of several common residential architectural styles in the United States, including Colonial, Dutch Colonial, French Colonial, Spanish Colonial, Colonial Revival, Beaux Arts, Foursquare, Cape Cod, Split Level, Raised Ranch, and Greek Revival. It discusses the origins and key characteristics of each style, and includes examples of floor plans and architectural details. The author hopes readers find this informative and enjoyable.
Massachusetts Continuing Education Course – 2 Credits. Discover the many varied and historical architectural styles and construction methods that were built here in New England. Join us as we explore the science and art of structural design.
- Adolf Loos was an Austrian and Czech architect and theorist of modern architecture born in 1870. He pioneered a modern style characterized by simplicity and lack of ornamentation. His designs emphasized rich materials and craftsmanship. Major works include the American Bar in Vienna and the Villa Müller houses.
- Louis Kahn was an American architect, educator, and philosopher born in 1901. He developed a spiritual philosophy of architecture focused on form and light. Notable buildings include the Salk Institute, Kimbell Art Museum, and Yale Center for British Art which featured his concepts of symmetry and separation of space.
- Kahn's Fisher House in Pennsylvania exemplified his idea of "two cubes" merging at an angle
This lecture provides an overview of San Francisco's history from the early Spanish missions to the 20th century. It discusses the city's growth during the Gold Rush and features images of landmarks, maps, and art from different eras. Key events summarized include the 1906 earthquake and fire that destroyed much of the city, major rebuilding efforts and plans like the Burnham Plan, and the two World's Fairs held in the city in the early 20th century which promoted its recovery. The lecture also highlights the work of photographer Dorothea Lange and references the counterculture movement of the 1960s.
This document provides a biography and overview of notable works by famous American architect Frank Lloyd Wright. It discusses his principles of organic architecture and integration with nature. Key projects summarized include the Guggenheim Museum with its spiral ramp design, Fallingwater built cantilevered over a waterfall, and Robie House hailed as the greatest example of the Prairie School style. Timelines cover Wright's education, apprenticeships, major designs produced, and personal life events over his 70-year career during which he designed over 1000 buildings.
This research gives an overall idea about the late 18th century's Modernism period in the architecture and interior design field. It also talks about some of the famous design pioneers of that time.
The Arts and Crafts movement emerged in reaction to the Industrial Revolution and Victorian culture. Artists and designers sought to return to handcrafted, high-quality designs and reject mass production. The Prairie School was influenced by these ideals and focused on horizontal lines, hipped roofs, craftsmanship, and integrating buildings into the landscape. Frank Lloyd Wright was a leading proponent, designing homes like the Winslow House and Bradley House that featured these characteristics. Both movements promoted natural materials and simplicity over ornamentation.
Modern architecture emerged in the early 20th century in response to industrialization and new technologies. Architects rejected historical styles and ornamentation in favor of simple, clean designs using new materials like steel, glass, and concrete. Some key developments included the Arts and Crafts movement emphasizing craftsmanship, Art Nouveau's organic forms, and early modernist buildings using steel frames and large windows. Pioneers like Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, and Mies van der Rohe further developed the International Style characterized by geometric forms, lack of ornament, and expressing the structure.
Anoushiravan Ghamsari, known as Anoush Ghamsari is a brilliant architect, the way he uses his creativity to create phenomenal concepts is beyond this world.
The document summarizes common architectural styles found in Minnesota from the 1700s to present day, including:
1) Early French Colonial and trading post styles from the 1700s incorporated logs and steep roofs. Greek Revival styles from the 1840s-50s featured symmetrical facades and columns.
2) Victorian styles like Queen Anne and Mansard were popular in the late 1800s, characterized by asymmetry, towers, and decorative details. Shingle Style was a natural take on Queen Anne.
3) Early 1900s styles included Prairie, Craftsman bungalows, and period revivals like Tudor and Spanish. Mid-century saw Ranch and Modernist homes influenced by Wright and Bre
Michael Graves designed his personal residence in Princeton, New Jersey, known as the "Warehouse", by renovating an existing ruined warehouse building from the 1980s onwards. The modestly scaled residence is invisible from the street but reflects Graves' rejection of modernism through its vernacular inspiration drawn from Italian farmhouses. The L-shaped building consists of renovated north and east wings containing a study, living room with Soanean alcoves, and dining room overlooking a courtyard garden. Though modest, the warehouse is a symbolic and highly personal work representing Graves' philosophy through its balanced blend of modern and traditional elements.
Louis Kahn was an influential American architect born in 1901. Some of his most notable works include the Salk Institute, the Yale Center for British Art, and the Indian Institute of Management in Ahmedabad. Kahn's style was defined by simple platonic forms and the use of materials like brick and concrete to create monumental yet sympathetic designs. He was inspired by both beaux arts training and a personal desire to develop unique architectural forms. His buildings are considered monumental beyond modernism and make unique use of geometry, light, and spatial relationships. Kahn had a profound influence on architecture in India and the development of architectural education.
The Transitional Period in ArchitectureAkash Matthew
The document discusses the Transitional Period in architecture, which occurred between premodern and modern styles. It provides examples of buildings from this period like Chiswick House in London, which had Palladian influences. Mereworth Castle in Kent was also Palladian-inspired. St. Pancras Church adopted Greek Revival elements. Westminster Palace was rebuilt in the Gothic Revival style after a fire. The Arc de Triomphe in Paris commemorated victories of the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. Overall, the Transitional Period saw a blending of premodern styles as architects experimented with new approaches before the emergence of Modernism.
Louis Henry Sullivan was an influential American architect born in 1856. He helped develop the Chicago School style of architecture and is considered the father of modern skyscrapers. Some of his notable works include the Wainwright Building, the Auditorium Building, and the Carson Pirie Scott Store. Sullivan pioneered tall steel-framed buildings and believed that form should follow function, a principle that became foundational to modern architecture. He had a significant influence on Frank Lloyd Wright and helped heal the schism between architecture and engineering.
The document provides an overview of various architectural styles found throughout Chicago, including American Foursquare, Art Deco, Arts and Crafts, Chateauesque, Chicago School, Classical Revival, Colonial Revival, Dutch Revival, Eastlake/Stick Style, Gothic Revival, Greek Revival, International, Italianate, Middle Eastern, Asian, and Prairie styles. Each style is briefly described, noting key characteristics and examples found in different Chicago neighborhoods.
Frank Lloyd Wright designed several notable buildings, including the Robie House, Fallingwater, Guggenheim Museum, and Johnson Wax Tower. The Robie House is considered the greatest example of the Prairie School style and features horizontal lines, bands of windows, and integration with the landscape. Fallingwater is built partially over a waterfall, with cantilevered balconies connecting to the natural surroundings. The Guggenheim Museum features a spiral ramp allowing continuous viewing, inspired by Babylonian architecture. Wright aimed to create open, stimulating work spaces at the Johnson Wax Tower through his unique dendriform columns that frame interior vistas.
history of contemporary architecture - 02. Local Revivals .pptDania Abdel-aziz
Local revivals emerged simultaneously with neoclassicism in countries. Some architects felt neoclassicism did not respect local architecture. Gothic revivalism became popular as Gothic architecture was seen as more in line with local styles. Gothic cathedrals were restored and the Gothic Revival was advocated by figures like John Ruskin. A prominent Gothic Revival architect was Sir George Gilbert Scott, known for buildings like St Pancras Hotel. Other revivals included Greek Revival and classical revivalism in 17th century Italy. In the 19th century, there were reactions against revivalism through avant-garde styles, while some continued exploring classical orders through architects like Ledoux and in buildings like Villa Capra.
Similar to Humanity : art nouveau, art deco, pre war ,prairie ,contemporary style of architecture (20)
This background study discusses ancient therapies and their principles, classification, timeline, importance and types. The key principles behind ancient therapies are concepts like Purusha and Prakriti (life and matter), the five elements of nature, the three doshas, concepts of health, chakra system, yin and yang, and prana or life energy. Ancient therapies are classified into medicinal, physical and spiritual therapies. Some important ancient therapies discussed are Ayurveda, Naturopathy, Yoga and Sensory Therapies. The study also provides a brief overview of modern therapies and compares ancient versus modern approaches. It concludes with information about AYUSH and related educational courses.
Al Hamra Firdous Tower is a 412.6m tall skyscraper located in Kuwait City, Kuwait. It has 77 floors of office and retail space, making it the tallest building in Kuwait. The unique twisting geometry was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill to maximize views while minimizing solar heat gain. The solid south facade features limestone cladding to reduce solar radiation, while transparent north facades offer panoramic Gulf views. The tower's sculptural form reflects the local landscape and won several international architectural awards.
The document discusses several ideas for making communities more sustainable, including:
1) Focusing on sectors like agriculture, drought-prone areas, and improving quality of life in slums and rural areas.
2) Using technology to protect national security through robotic border protection, while addressing the risk of technology hijacking.
3) Addressing problems faced by rural communities affected by infrastructure projects through rehabilitation efforts and ensuring access to jobs, housing and services.
4) Promoting concepts like "smart villages" that incorporate sustainability and reduced pollution.
Growing populations are negatively impacting the planet through increased waste generation and overexploitation of resources. Traditional linear waste management like dumping in landfills is unsustainable. Circular economy principles aim to emulate natural cycles by reducing waste and making reuse and recycling the norm. This involves redesigning production and consumption systems to optimize resource use. Companies are pursuing circular business models like renting products or using waste as a resource. Consumers can apply the 3Rs hierarchy - reduce, reuse, recycle - to limit their environmental impact.
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Arch Theory Dialect in Architecture
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The Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai is known for its distinctive sail-shaped structure. It was designed by Tom Wright and built from 1994-1999. The hotel sits on an artificial island 280 meters offshore and is supported by 230 deep foundation piles that are 1.5 meters in diameter and 45 meters long. The composite structure uses a steel exoskeleton with bracing and a central concrete core to support the hotel and withstand high wind loads in the area.
Louis Kahn was an American architect of Estonian origin known for his monumental and poetic brick and concrete buildings. His works moved away from the functionalist style of the Bauhaus or International Style and were more related to Le Corbusier's search for a new poetic associated with modernism. Kahn's main themes were space and light, and he defined his work as the "reflexive construction of spaces". One of his best examples demonstrating his expertise with light is the Yale Center for British Art completed in 1977. He taught at Yale University and personified forms and materials, recognizing their soul and will. He died in 1974 in New York.
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The California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco underwent a complete renovation and rebuilding project designed by architect Renzo Piano. The new building opened in 2008 and is considered a masterpiece of sustainable architecture that blends with the natural surroundings of Golden Gate Park. It houses various exhibits under one roof, including a natural history museum, aquarium with over 40,000 animals, a 90-foot high rainforest, and planetarium with a 75-foot digital dome screen. The building was designed with sustainability in mind, featuring a large green roof, solar panels, and systems that reduce its energy usage by 30-35% compared to regulations.
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Humanity : art nouveau, art deco, pre war ,prairie ,contemporary style of architecture
1. Architectural Style
20th Century Pre-War Style
Contemporary Style
Art Nouveau Style
Art Deco Style
Prairie Style By ,
Harshita Gupta
12
SushilKumar Gupta 13
3. History
• Pre-war Architecture Refers To Buildings Built In The
Period Between The Turn Of The 20th Century Until The
Second World War. I.E. Homes Built Between 1890 And
1940 .
• At The Time, Houses Started Changing, Shifting From
Functional Farmhouses And Victorian Mansions, To A
Happy Medium Of Two-storied Houses And A Basement.
• More People Were Leaving Farms And Small Towns To
Move To Bigger Towns And Cities, And The Housing
Industry, From Construction Companies To Real Estate
Agents, Started To Come More Into Vogue.
• Many Mid- And High-rise Apartment Buildings Which
Were Built After 1900 And Before 1940 In New York And
Surrounding Areas Are Considered "Pre-war" And Known
For Their Spaciousness, Hardwood Flooring, Detailing,
And, In Some Cases, Fireplaces, Apartments. 19th-century City Square, Berlin
4. History
• The Homes Of This Era Were Furnished With
Charm.Those Special Touches Like High Ceilings,
Arched Doorways And Nickel-plated Features.
• In The Major Cities, Such As New York City, There
Was A Demand For Apartments That Had "All The
Comforts Of Home," As A 1909 New York Times
Article Once Put It. Before Then, Apartments Had A
Reputation For Being Uncomfortable.
• A Lot Of Care Was Put Into These Comforts During
An Age When Mass Production Was Just Beginning
To Get Started. A Special Artistry And Individuality
Went Into Many Of These Pre-war Homes, Which
Still Attract And Awe Some Homebuyers Today.
Central Cemetery in Szczecin
5. Key Elements
• Hardwood Floors : Floors Were Often Made Of Solid Oak, And
Most Pre-war Homes Have Wood Frames Around The Doors,
Window Frames And In The Stair Banisters.
• Moldings : This Is A Decorative Feature, Usually Made Of Wood,
Jutting Out Of The Wall That Connects To The Ceiling. Kind Of The
Same Idea As A Wallpaper Border One Will See In Homes Today.
• High Ceilings : Homeowners, Back Then And Today, Don't Like
Feeling Closed In. Typically, A Ceiling Will Be 9 Feet Above The
Ground, And Sometimes Higher. In Many Ways This Is A Holdover
From The Victorian Houses, Which Tended To Have Ceilings As High
As 12 Feet From The Floor.
• Fireplaces : These Have Been A Part Of American Architecture
Since The 1700s, But As Designs Became Safer, They Really Took
Off During The Victorian Era And Remained A Popular Feature In
Living Rooms During The Days Before World War Ii. So Popular That
When President Franklin Roosevelt Broadcasted His Speeches Over
The Radio, They Called Them "Fireside Chats."
Ornamentation on ceilings and built-in bookshelves is
typical of prewar.
Beamed ceilings is a classic prewar design signature.
6. Practically Speaking : Hassles And Headaches
• While Heger Rightfully Raves About Pre-war Homes, Calling Them "Fantastic, Important And Still More
Than Iconic -- Visionary Is A Better Term," Raissa Reid Of New York-based ERA Tucker Associates Cautions,
"You Have To Know What You're Getting Into."
• Reid, A Member Of The Era Historic Properties Program, Explains That While Pre-war Houses Are Beautiful
And Durable, They Are Also ... Well, Old. "You're Dealing With Some Materials That Just Aren't Used Today.
They Would Wrap Hot Water Heaters With Asbestos, And The Pipes Didn't Meet Today's Codes. When
You're Going Into A Home Like That, You Can Modernize That, But It Can Be A Tremendous Expense."
• On The Other Hand, Many Pre-war Houses, At This Point, Have Been Modernized, Or To Some Degree, And
So One Shouldn't Write The Idea Off Either.
• Some Of The Bedrooms -- If We're Not Talking A Luxury Pre-war Home -- May Wind Up Being Smaller Than
Today's Counterparts. Tastes Evolve, And Spacious Kitchens, Walk-in Closets And The Roomy Master
Bathrooms Weren't A Part Of The Building Culture The Way They Are Today, In Many Of The More Modern
Homes.
7. Examples Of Pre-war Architectural Style
• Beresford
• 740 Park Avenue
• Fred C. Aiken House
• San Simeon House
655 Park Avenue East Orange, New Jersey 620 Park Avenue
8. The Beresford
• Beresford Is The 22-story Apartment Building At
211 Central Park West In New York City Is
Considered A Landmark.
• It Was Completed In 1929 By Famed Architect
Emery Roth.
• Built In The Style Of The Italian Rennaissance.
• The Building Has A Limestone Base And A Mix Of
Creatures Adorning The Walls, Including Winged
Cherubs, Dolphins And Rams' Heads. There Were
And Are Only One Or Two Apartment Houses To A
Floor With 10-foot High Ceilings, Ornate Homes
With A Lot Of Space, A Rarity In New York.
• Small Wonder Numerous Celebrities, Including
Rock Hudson, Tony Randall, Glenn Close And Jerry
Seinfeld Have Lived There.
Beresford & Entrance
9. 740 Park Avenue
• The Pre-war Apartment House 740 Park Avenue Is So
Famous That A Book Has Been Written About It:
Michael Gross's 740 Park: The Story Of The World's
Richest Apartment Building (Broadway, 2006).
• The Apartment House Building Was Developed By
Legendary New York Architects Rosario Candela And
Arthur Loomis Harmon. Among Its Famed Residents,
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, John D. Rockefeller And
Vera Wang.
• This Was Such An Ornate Apartment That -- Well, As
Gross' Book Says, The 15th Floor, As An Example,
Had 15-foot Ceilings, 11 Closets And Three
Bathrooms. Some Of The Foyers Were The Size Of
Ballrooms.
740 Park Avenue
10. Fred C. Aiken House
• A Favorite Of Milan Heger, A Seattle-based
Architect Who Has Been A Visiting
Professor Of Architectural History At The
University Of Hawaii And The Technical
Institute In Slovakia, The Fred C. Aiken
House Was Designed In The Spanish Revival
Style In 1926.
• "These Spanish Revival Houses Hold Its
Charm Like No Other Usually On Well-
landscaped Properties," Says Heger. "They
Just Stand Out, And They Have A Following
In Many Professional Circles."
Fred C. Aiken House
11. San Simeon House
• Better Known As The Hearst Castle, Designed By Architect
Julia Morgan And Constructed From 1922 To 1939.
• In Fact, It's Probably The Most Famous, And An Example Of
The Best Type Of Pre-war House Money Could Buy.
• Situated In San Simeon, California, And Originally Owned By
Legendary Newspaper Publisher William Randolph Hearst.
• The San Simeon House Had 56 Bedrooms, 61 Bathrooms, 19
Sitting Rooms, Gardens, Indoor And Outdoor Swimming
Pools, And Was, For A Time, A Magnet For Celebrity Guests
Like Cary Grant, Clark Gable And Charlie Chaplin.
• Now, It Draws Tourists From Around The World. From An
Architectural Standpoint, The House Was Constructed
Largely With Steel Reinforced Concrete, A Building Process
That Was Gaining Popularity In The Early 1900s. The Design
Borrowed Many Styles From Previous Eras, Including The
Renaissance And Baroque.
San Simeon House
12. Art Nouveau
“Victor Horta” And The Belgian Artist
“Henry Van De Velde” Can Be Seen As The
Founders Of The Art Nouveau Style.
13. Etymology & Spread
• Art Nouveau Derives Its Name From La Maison De I’ Art
Nouveau (“The House Of The New Art”)
• Originated In Belgium And Then France In The 1880s As Highly
Stylized And Ornate, With Floral Shapes And Patterns Applied
To Buildings That Feature Curved Walls And Other Organic
Forms.
• Recalling Natural Rather Than Man-made Objects, Art
Nouveau Provided A Contrast To The Mass Production
Characteristic Of The Increasingly Industrialized Urban Society
Found At The Turn Of The Century.
• Popular Through The First Two Decades Of The 20th Century,
• Art Nouveau Then Became Popular In Spain, Where It Was
Called Modernisme And Is Seen In The Work Of Antoni Gaudí;
• Then In Munich And Berlin, Where It Was Called The
Jugendstil;
• & Also In Vienna, Where It Influenced The Establishment Of
The Vienna Secession, Or Sezessionsstil, Which In Turn Shared
Traits With The Arts And Crafts Style That Had Just Been
Introduced In Britain.
Glasgow School Of Art : Library
14. Chronology:
The Work Of These Craftsmen – Artist Are Showcased In A Gallery Opened By Seigfried Bing In Paris, France In 1895.
Artist Life Span Structures Place Built In
Antoni Gaudi 1852-1926 Palau Güell Barcelona 1880
Sagrada Familia Barcelona 1880
Casa Mila Barcelona 1905
Charles Rennie
Mackintosh
1968-1928 Glasgow School Of Arts Glasgow,scotland 1908
Victor Horta 1861–1947 Tassel House Brussels 1892
Joseph Maria Olbrich 1867–1908 Secession House Vienna 1896
Hector Guimard 1867–1942 Paris Metropolitan
Stations
Paris 1899–1905
Josef Hoffmann 1870–1956 Purkersdorf
Sanatorium
Vienna 1904
Stoclet Palace Brussels 1904–1911
15. Style File
• Characteristics:
– Organic Form : Tassel House
– Articulating Modernity : Porte Dauphine Metro Station
– Symbolism : Sagrada Familia
– Material Contrasts : Glasgow School Of Arts
– Anti-historicism : Secession Building
– Anti-ornament : Palais Stoclet
• Notable Features : Sinuous, Undulating, Organic Forms;
Lavish, Decorative Ornamentation.
• Major Influences : Fluid Plant Forms And The Natural World;
Stylized, Linear, Japanese Art; The British Art And Craft
Movement.
• Where And When : Europe (Especially In Brussel, Paris And
Vienna) And The Usa ; C.1890-1910.
Glasgow School Of Arts
16. Victor Horta’s Hotel Tassel
• The First “True” Art Nouveau Building
Is The Tassel House In Brussels
• Built By The Belgian Architect Victor
Horta In 1892 For Science Professor
Emile Tassel.
• Here Horta Creates A Rich
Environment That Blends Curved Wall
Surfaces, Stained Glass Windows,
Mosaics, And Even Stairwells With
Uniquely Organic Iron Railings
Sweeping Upward. Front Facade
18. Porte Dauphine Metro Station
• In 1895 The French Architect Hector Guimard Went
To Belgium And Saw The Tassel House. He Then
Returned To Paris To Begin Working In The Art
Nouveau Style.
• Guimard Is Best Known For His Paris Metro Stations,
Built Between 1899 And 1905.
• The Porte Dauphine, With A Glazed Canopy That
Covers The Underground Entrance Like A Bonnet,
Was Built In 1899 And Is Today The Only Surviving
Art Nouveau Closed-roof Metro Station Entrance.
• The Entrances Featured Green Tinted Cast Iron
Railings, Light Figures, And Sign Posts That Appear To
Grow Out Of The Ground Like Bean Stalks Sprouting
Upward And Twining Around The Stairwell. These
“Metropolitain” Entrances Created A Dramatic
Contrast To The Prevailing Classical Style Found In
Paris At This Time.
Entrance
20. Secession Building
• In 1897 In Vienna, 19 Artists Who Had Become Increasingly
Disillusioned By The Historical Conservatism Of The Vienna
Kunstlerhaus Formed Their Own Organization Called The
Vienna Secession And Elected The Painter Gustav Klimt As
Their First President.
• In The Same Year In Vienna, Joseph Maria Olbrich
Constructed The Secession Building To House The Group’s
Art Exhibitions.
• The Exterior Is Painted A Shining White With A Very
Modern, Streamlined Version Of Classical Articulation To
Give The Impression Of A Temple. The Angular Aspects Of
The Building Are Diminished By An Overlay Of Applied
Organic Patterns Done In Thin Black Lines To Give The
Impression Of Vines Growing Across The Exterior. A Golden
Dome Rests On Top Of The Building, With No Drum, But
Styled Like A Ball Of Intricately Intertwined Flowers Held
Together By A Gilded Iron Sphere.
Front Facade
22. Palais Stoclet
• Josef Hoffmann Was Also A Member Of The Vienna
Secession, Yet His More Angular Style Relates Less To
The Organic Qualities Of The Art Nouveau And More
To The Arts And Crafts Movement.
• His Palais Stoclet, Built In Brussels In 1905–1911 For
A Wealthy Banker, Reveals A Smooth Masonry
Exterior With Strongly Linear Black And White
Outlines That Run Vertically And Horizontally Across
The Surface Of The Building. The Rectangular
Windows Echo The Geometric Shapes Used To Create
This Modern Version Of Classicism.
• As Architects Sought A More Varied Approach To
Modern Construction, The Application Or Denial Of
Applied Decoration And Presence Or Lack Of
Historical References Became A Recurring Discourse
Through The 20th Century.
Back Facade
27. Contemporary Architecture
• Contemporary Architecture Is The Architecture Of The 21st Century.
• No Single Style Is Dominant; Contemporary Architects Are Working In A Dozen Different Styles, From
Postmodernism And High-tech Architecture To Highly Conceptual And Expressive Styles, Resembling
Sculpture On An Enormous Scale.
• Even Though A Precise Definition Of The Term Is Difficult To Articulate, Contemporary Homes Typically
Include An Irregular Or Unusually Shaped Frame, An Open Floor Plan, Oversized Windows, And The Use Of
"Green" And Repurposed Components. Such Homes Also Often Have An Organic Design, Fitting Into The
Surrounding Space And Meeting An Immediate Need In The Area.
• Prominent Contemporary Architects Include Frank Gehry, Who Designed The Guggenheim Museum In
Bilbao; John Andrews, Who Designed The Cn Tower In Toronto; And Jean Nouvel, Who Designed The Quai
Branly Museum In Paris.
28. Contemporary Vs. Modern Architecture
• Although People Sometimes Use The Terms "Contemporary" And
"Modern" Architecture Interchangeably, They Technically Are Not
Synonymous.
• Modern Architecture Refers To The Building Style Of The Early To
Mid-20th Century. It Featured Clean Lines With An Emphasis On
Function.
• Some People Viewed The Elements That Characterized Modern
Architecture As Too Cold And Impersonal. This Belief Lead To The
Creation Of The Contemporary Style As Is Recognized Today. Like
The Modern Style, It Connects Indoor And Outdoor Spaces, But It
Adds Some Personal Touches And Warmth Throughout The Living
Space. The Use Of Natural Light Also Plays A Big Role, So Large And
Expansive Windows Are A Common And Easily Recognized Feature
Of Such Homes.
Vrindavan Chandrodaya
Mandir in Mathura
29. Different Styles And Approaches
Green Architecture
• Green Building Is Also A Strong Component Of The Contemporary Style.
• Architects Place More Emphasis On Energy Efficiency And Use Sustainable, Natural, And
Recycled Materials To Create Eco-friendly Houses. It's Not Unusual For Builders To
Thoughtfully Integrate These Homes Into Their Natural Surroundings.
• People Sometimes Refer To This Practice As Organic Architecture.
• The Connection Extends From The Outdoor Landscape To The Indoor Environment.
• Outside, Local Plants May Be Used To Decorate The Surroundings, Or The House May
Be Designed Around A Prominent Natural Feature. Living Roofs, In Which Plants Are
Used As Roofing Materials To Increase Energy Efficiency, Are Also Becoming Popular.
• Inside, Natural Materials Like Bamboo Flooring And Granite Countertops Are Common.
Reusing Materials
• Contemporary Architecture Often Seeks To Take Old Buildings And Structures And
Reuse Them In Innovative And Fresh Ways.
• This Might Mean A Simple Redesigning Of Interior Furnishings, Or It Might Entail
Extensive Renovations That Dramatically Change The Look, Layout, Or Function Of The
Space.
• For This Reason, The Style Often Ties Easily To Work By Previous Architects And
Designers, Especially Since It Often Uses Fairly Traditional Materials, Such As Steel And
Concrete.
School of the Arts in Singapore
30. Different Styles And Approaches
Computer Aided Design
• Architects And Designers Often Rely Heavily On Computers As They Create Their Finished Product.
• This Allows Professionals To Produce Results That Are Incredibly Precise, Durable, Artistic, And Efficient.
• Computers Also Play A Role In Ensuring The Designs Are Safe And Preventing Injuries During The
Construction Process.
• Another Major Benefit Is That They Shorten The Time It Takes To Create A Structure.
• The Use Of New Techniques Of Computer-aided Design, Which Allow Buildings To Be Designed And
Modeled On Computers In Three Dimensions, And Constructed With More Precision And Speed.
Need As A Driving Force
• Whereas Desire For Particular Aesthetic Elements Typically Drove Previous Styles, Need Is The Primary
Driving Element Behind Contemporary Architecture.
• Increases In Population, Along With A Reduction Of Funds And Some Resources, Are Forcing Communities
To Explore Different Means Of Building And Organizing Space.
• One Way Of Defining The Style, Therefore, Is By Identifying The Structures Or Designs That Meet Some
Pressing Need In The Immediate Surrounding Area.
• The Size Or Use Of A Given Structure By Itself Does Not Determine Whether An Architectural Design
Accurately Can Fall Under The Contemporary Classification.
• Skyscrapers In Cities Are Known For Leaning Toward This Style, For Example, And May Cover Dozens Of
Floors And A Huge Amount Of Space. Residential Homes Can Also Have A Contemporary Appearance And
Feel, However.
• The Style Appears In Both Rural And Urban Neighborhoods.
Christian Dior Tower in
Omotesando, Tokyo
31. Different Styles And Approaches
Contemporary Chic
• A Closely Related Concept Is Contemporary Chic.
• Better Known In Relation To Personal Appearance, Particularly Hair, Clothing And
Accessories, This Idea Relates To Things That Are Fashionable Yet Still Highly
Comfortable And Functional.
• Architecture In This Style Is Both Useful And Artistic Enough To Set Trends.
Tube Structure
• Which Allows Construction Of The Buildings That Are Taller, Lighter And Stronger
Than Those In The 20th Century
Related Styles
• Over Time, Contemporary Architecture Has Developed Several Offshoots, Each
With Its Own Characteristics, Including Postmodernism, Neomodernism, And
Deconstructivism, Among Others.
• Postmodern And Neomodern Architecture Returned To The Use Of Ornaments On
The Facade Of Building.
• Deconstructivism Developed From Postmodernism And Is Characterized By Ideas Of
Fragmentation.
Burj Khalifa in Dubai
32. Architect Influencing Contemporary Architecture
• Most Of The Landmarks Of Contemporary Architecture Are The
Works Of A Small Group Of Architects Who Work On An
International Scale.
• Many Were Designed By Architects Already Famous In The Late
20th Century, Including Mario Botta, Frank Gehry, Jean Nouvel,
Norman Foster, Ieoh Ming Pei And Renzo Piano.
• While Others Are The Work Of A New Generation Born During Or
After World War II, Including Zaha Hadid, Santiago Calatrava,
Daniel Libeskind, Jacques Herzog, Pierre De Meuron, Rem
Koolhaas, And Shigeru Ban.
• Other Projects Are The Work Of Collectives Of Several Architects,
Such As Unstudio And Sanaa, Or Giant Multinational Agencies
Such As Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, With Thirty Associate
Architects And Large Teams Of Engineers And Designers, And
Gensler, With 5,000 Employees In 16 Countries.
Evolution Tower in Moscow
International Business Center
39. ● Art Deco, sometimes referred to as Deco,
is a style of visual arts, architecture and
design that first appeared in France just
before World War I. Art Deco influenced
the design of buildings, furniture,
jewellery, fashion, cars, movie theatres,
trains, ocean liners, and everyday objects
such as radios and vacuum cleaned.
● It combined modernist styles with fine
craftsmanship and rich materials. During
its heyday, Art Deco represented luxury,
glamour, exuberance, and faith in social
and technological progress. Patterns
Introduction
40. ● Art Deco was a pastiche of many different styles,
sometimes contradictory, united by a desire to be
modern.
● From its outset, Art Deco was influenced by the
bold geometric forms of Cubism; the bright colors
of Fauvism and of the Ballets Russes; the updated
craftsmanship of the furniture of the eras of Louis
Philippe and Louis XVI; and the exotic styles of
China and Japan, India, Persia, ancient Egypt and
Maya art.
● It featured rare and expensive materials, such as
ebony and ivory, and exquisite craftsmanship.
● The Chrysler Building and other skyscrapers of
New York built during the 1920s and 1930s are
monuments of the Art Deco style.
Art Deco
Style of Representation
41. History
• Art Deco Is A Uniquely Urban Style Of Architecture That Celebrated Modernity.
• In Some Respects It Was Modeled On The Sleek, Streamlined Modern Architecture Found In Europe,
Such As The Bauhaus Or The International Style; But Rather Than These Structural Forms Devoid Of
Any Applied Ornamentation, Art Deco Buildings Reveal Applied, Machine-like Patterns Such As
Repetitive Stamp-like Images Of Machine Gears, Wheels, Or Automobile Imagery, Or Zigzag Patterns Of
More Exotic Images.
• For Example, The Discovery Of Tutankhamen’s Tomb In 1922 Fueled An Interest In Things Egyptian,
And So Egyptian-styled Patterns Found Their Way Onto Art Deco Buildings.
• The High Point Of Art Deco Occurred Between The Two World Wars, From The 1920s Through The
1930s, But Its Major Source Of Inspiration Came After The 1925 Exposition Internationale Des Arts
Décoratifs Et Industriels Modernes In Paris; It Then Spread Across To The United States And Remained
Popular Through The 1950s.
43. Architect Structures Place Built In
William Van Alen Chrysler Building New Yorykcity 1928-1930
Ellis & Clarke With Sir Owen
Willia Ms (Entrance Hall By
Robert Atkinson)
Daily Express Building London 1929-1933
Wallis Gilbert And Partners Hoover Factory Perivale,london 1935
Ernest Arthur Williams Daily Telegraph Building Napier , New Zealand 1932
Charles Holden Arnos Grove Underground
Station
London 1932
Edward Durell Stone (Interior
Design By Donald Deskey)
Radiocity Music Hall, Rockefeller Center,
New York City
1932
44. Style file
• Art Deco Came To Symbolize All Of The Modern-age Technical Ingenuity That Allowed For The Great Advances In The
Steel Industry, The Automobile Industry, And The New “Machine Age” That Brought Great Prosperity And Optimism
To The United States.
• This Style Remained Popular Through The Next Several Decades.
• It Spread Across The Country And Can Be Found In Midwestern Railroad Stations, Business Office Headquarters, And
Local Civic Buildings.
• Characteristics :
– Spread And Movement : Chrysler Building,newyork City
– Glamour : Daily Express Building, London
– Rectilinear : Hoover Factory,perivale, London
– Exoticism : Daily Telegraph Building,napier, New Zealand
– Residual Classicism : Arnos Grove Underground Station, London
– Geometric Forms : Radio City Music Hall,rockefeller Center,new York City
45. Example And Expansion
• In the United States, Art Deco made its first appearance in New
York City And Became The Preferred Style During This Era That
Found A Confluence Of Prosperity, An Interest In Travel, And The
Arts.
• Thus, The Rhythm Of Jazz Music, The Growth Of The American
Automobile Industry, And The Drive To Create The Tallest
Building In The Country Are All Part Of The Cultural Heritage Of
Art Deco.
• Raymond Hood Was One Of The Earlier Architects To Work In
The Art Deco Style In The United States. His Chicago Tribune
Tower, Built In 1924 With John Mead Howells, Exhibits A Gothic
Revival Style That Was Typical Of The Earliest Skyscrapers, But
Then Hood Sought To Modernize And Streamline This Style With
A New Machine Aesthetic. His Radio City Music Hall Auditorium
At Rockefeller Center In New York City (1930s) And The New York
Daily News Building (1929) Reflect This New Style.
Radio City Music Hall
46. Chrysler Building
• When Walter Chrysler Commissioned William
Van Alen To Construct The Chrysler Building
In New York City In 1930, It Was Meant To Be
The Tallest Building In The World.
• Constructed With A Stainless Steel Frame,
The Building Features Decorative Elements In
The Art Deco Style, Such As Eagles, Car
Imagery, Zigzags, A Stepped-cone Top, And A
Spire To Increase The Height Of The Building.
Chrysler Building
47. Empire State Building
• At The Same Time, John Jacob Raskob Of General Motors
Was Planning The Empire State Building, Begun In New York
City By Shreve, Lamb, And Harmon In 1931 And Finished
Just Over One Year Later.
• This Skyscraper Measured 1,250 Feet Tall And Was Built
With A Steel Skeleton And Bricks. I
• N The Top Third Of The Building, Tiered Sections Allude To A
Stepped-pyramid Format, Like A Mesopotamian Ziggurat. A
Spire Was Then Added, Making The Empire State Building
The Tallest Building In New York, Until It Was Surpassed By
The World Trade Center In 1972.
• After The World Trade Center Was Destroyed In 2001, The
Empire State Building Again Became The Tallest Building In
New York City.
Empire State Building
48. ● Prairie style, in architecture, American style
exemplified by the low-lying “prairie houses” such as
Robie House (1908) that were for the most part built
in the Midwest between 1900 and 1917 by Frank
Lloyd Wright. Among the Midwest architects who
were influenced by this style of design were Walter
Burley Griffin, George Grant Elmslie, William
Drummond, George Maher, Robert Spencer, Hugh
Garden, Marion Mahony, Henry Trost, and Barry
Byrne.
● Prairie houses and other buildings were generally
two-story structures with single-story wings. They
utilized horizontal lines, ribbon windows, gently
sloping roofs, suppressed, heavy-set chimneys,
overhangs, and sequestered gardens.
Arthur B. Heurtley House, Oak Park, Ill.; the
house was designed in the Prairie style by
Frank Lloyd Wright
Prairie style
49. ● 1 - 2 storey
● Open floor plan with free-flowing spaces (sometimes blurring the line between indoor and outdoor spaces)
● Projecting or cantilevered wings
● Integrated with landscape and environment
● Open floor plan
● Low-pitched hipped or flat roof (less common is gabled)
● Broad, overhanging eaves (usually boxed)
● Strong horizontal lines
● Ribbons of windows, often casements, arranged in horizontal bands
● Clerestory windows
● Prominent, central chimney
● Stylized, built-in cabinetry
● Wide use of natural materials especially stone and wood
● Siding often stucco, stone, or brick
● Restrained ornamentation such as friezes around windows and doors, or as bands under the eaves
Prairie Style Characteristics
50.
51. Prairie Style Houses
Not all Prairie Style homes were on the grand scale of the Dana-Thomas House, a 35-room mansion designed
by Wright for Illinois socialite Susan Lawrence Dana. More modest examples by imitators of Wright exist
throughout the American Midwest.
This house has both Bungalow and Prairie
elements. The simple styles were both
reactions to the excess of the Victorian era.
"Hidden" entrances were another design element common
in Prairie Style. Folks visiting this house in Edwardsville, IL
would have to know where the entrance was.
52. A Gordon Van
Tine kit home
in the Prairie
Style in New
Bedford, IL.
D Prairie style
house in St.
Louis area
shows typical
window
groupings, and
a low hipped
roof.
H Another fine example of a Prairie Style house
in St. Louis. Most existing examples of
historical Prairie houses are in the Midwest.
54. “Form follows function – that has been misunderstood. Form and function should
be one, joined in a spiritual union” Frank Lloyd Wright
● In 1893, Frank Lloyd Wright founded his
architectural practice in Oak Park, a quiet,
semi-rural village on the Western edges of
Chicago.
● It was at his Oak Park Studio during the first
decade of the twentieth century that Wright
pioneered a bold new approach to domestic
architecture, the Prairie style.
● Inspired by the broad, flat landscape of
America’s Midwest, the Prairie style was the
first uniquely American architectural style of
what has been called “the American Century.”
55. Traditional vs. Modern
• There were two diametrically opposed schools of thought with regard to architecture at the end of the 19th century. One
was the traditional, which drew on the styles from America's past and the influences of prominent European and English
designers and architects. The traditionalists who treasured the Classical Revival styles, like as Daniel Burnham who
organized the hugely influential 1893 Chicago Columbian Exposition in Chicago, appealed to the conservative home buyer.
• The opposing school, expressed in the Prairie School, was influenced by new currents in design and visionary architectural
thinkers like Louis Sullivan, as well as the Arts & Crafts Movement with its values of honesty in materials and
craftsmanship. Other significant influences included the emerging Modernist Movement, Minimalism, De Stijl, and broader
international exposure to new cultural influences like those of Japan and Egypt, for example.
• Though Frank Lloyd Wright is most closely associated with Prairie School architecture and was critically important to its
development and popularity, there were other architects who were equally impressive in design skill (if not in personal
charisma and self-promotion) including Barry Byrne, George Grant Elmslie, George Washington Maher, William Gray
Purcell, and many others.
• As the Prairie style became more widely accepted from about 1905 to 1920, it became more stylized and generic. It went
far beyond its original aesthetic and influenced the popular Foursquare (aka Prairie Box) and later Ranch styles.