The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. The brain is divided into three main parts - the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The cerebrum is the largest part and is responsible for functions like learning, senses, and control of movement. The cerebellum aids in balance and muscle coordination. The spinal cord transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body through spinal nerves. Neurons are the basic working units that transmit signals in the nervous system through electrical and chemical processes.
special sense organs (anatomy and physiology) - a brief discussion Pallab Nath
brief discussion on special senses, Basic level class for technicians. topics discussed include eyes and vision, nose and sense of smell, tongue and sense of taste and ears and hearing
the ddep structure of brain, diencephalon, third ventricle, thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, meta thalamus, boudaries of diencephalon, extent of diencephalon, boundaries of thalamus, boundaries of hypothalamus, functions of meta thalamus, functions of sub thalamus.components of epithalamus, functions of epithalamus, fornix, third ventricle, optic chiasma,
Functions of Peripheral Nervous System and the nerves involved. Fight or Flight responses explained and the human body under the influence of Fight or Flight.
Peripheral Nervous System, Audumbar MaliAudumbar Mali
Peripheral Nervous System,
Types of PNS,
Spinal nerves,
Types of neuron (3 basic types),
Plexus,
Cranial nerves,
Autonomic nervous system,
Structure of Neuron,
Human Anatomy and Physiology-I,
Syllabus As per PCI,
B. Pharm-I
Facial bones anatomy, Anatomic position of fascial bone, axial skeleton, arti...Dr Shahid Alam
Facial bones anatomy, Anatomic position of fascial bone, axial skeleton, articulation of fascial bone, maxillary sinuses, paranasal sinuses frontanelles, foramina and fissure of skull from BD chaurasia and Snell's anatomy lecture by dr shahid alam, dr shahid, dr alam, shahid, shahid alam
special sense organs (anatomy and physiology) - a brief discussion Pallab Nath
brief discussion on special senses, Basic level class for technicians. topics discussed include eyes and vision, nose and sense of smell, tongue and sense of taste and ears and hearing
the ddep structure of brain, diencephalon, third ventricle, thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, meta thalamus, boudaries of diencephalon, extent of diencephalon, boundaries of thalamus, boundaries of hypothalamus, functions of meta thalamus, functions of sub thalamus.components of epithalamus, functions of epithalamus, fornix, third ventricle, optic chiasma,
Functions of Peripheral Nervous System and the nerves involved. Fight or Flight responses explained and the human body under the influence of Fight or Flight.
Peripheral Nervous System, Audumbar MaliAudumbar Mali
Peripheral Nervous System,
Types of PNS,
Spinal nerves,
Types of neuron (3 basic types),
Plexus,
Cranial nerves,
Autonomic nervous system,
Structure of Neuron,
Human Anatomy and Physiology-I,
Syllabus As per PCI,
B. Pharm-I
Facial bones anatomy, Anatomic position of fascial bone, axial skeleton, arti...Dr Shahid Alam
Facial bones anatomy, Anatomic position of fascial bone, axial skeleton, articulation of fascial bone, maxillary sinuses, paranasal sinuses frontanelles, foramina and fissure of skull from BD chaurasia and Snell's anatomy lecture by dr shahid alam, dr shahid, dr alam, shahid, shahid alam
Nervous system is the main system of our body and without the nervous system body will not function. it is control the all over body parts , organ function and body movements. Nervous system contain brain and spinal cord both are work with with each other as a coordinator. nervous system is divided in to two parts central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
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Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
Central nervous system
1.
2. NERVOUS SYSTEM
The nervous system is the part of an animal's
body that coordinates its voluntary and
involuntary actions and transmits signals
between different parts of its body. Nervous
tissue first arose in wormlike organisms about
550 to 600 million years ago. In most animal
species it consists of two main parts, the
Central Nervous System (CNS) and the
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The CNS
contains the brain and spinal cord. The PNS
consists mainly of nerves, which are enclosed
bundles of the long fibers or axons, that
connect the CNS to every other part of the
body.
4. Central Nervous System
– CNS: brain and spinal cord
– Necessary for the maintenance of homeostasis
– Contains 1011 neurons
– Contains 1014 synapses
– Responsible for everything we perceive, do, feel,
and think
6. The Brain
• The brain is the control
center of the body
• It is about 2% of your
body weight and uses
20% of your body’s
oxygen
7. Parts of the Brain
Divided into
three parts
Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain Stem
8.
9. Cerebrum
1. Largest part of the brain
– Learning and Senses
– 2 hemispheres- Right and Left
– Connected by the Corpus Callosum
– Right side controls- left side
– Left side controls – right side of body
– Four sections - LOBES
1. Frontal Lobe 2. Parietal Lobe
3. Occipital Lobe 4.Temporal Lobe
10. Premotor cortex
(coordinates
voluntary
movements)
Primary somatosensory
cortex (somesthetic sensations
and proprioception)
Sensory association
areas (integration of
sensory information)
Primary motor cortex
(voluntary movement)
Central sulcus
Prefrontal
association
areas (idea and
plan for voluntary
movement, thoughts,
personality)
Broca’s area
(speech formation)
Limbic association
cortex (emotions,
learning, and memory)
Olfactory cortex
(smell)
Visual association
areas (higher vision
processing)
Wernicke’s area
(language
comprehension)
Auditory
association
areas
Primary auditory
cortex (hearing)
Primary visual cortex
(vision)
Figure 9.14
Functional Areas of Cerebrum
11. Cerebellum
– Second largest
– located below the
cerebrum at back of
skull
– This part is responsible
for the balance and
muscle coordination
12. Other Structures inside the Brain
• Thalamus – receives messages from sensory
receptors; relays information to proper
regions of cerebrum
• Hypothalamus - Regulates hunger, thirst,
fatigue, anger, etc…
– Control of pituitary for endocrine function
13. Spinal Cord
• Link between brain and rest of body (PNS)
• 31 pairs of spinal nerves
• Reflexes processed directly by spinal cord
• Reflex – quick, automatic, unconscious
responses
• Result of reflex arcs – shortest nerve pathways
14.
15. Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
• Dorsal: sensory functions
• Ventral: motor functions
Gray matter:
functional halves
Spinal nerves are
mixed
• Ascending
• Descending
White matter
forms tracts
21. Different regions have different
Functions
Cerebral cortex
Functions include:
planning; reasoning;
language; recognising
sounds and images;
memory.
Corpus
callosum
connects the brain’s
right and left
hemispheres
Cerebellum
important for
coordination,
precision and timing
of movement
Brain stem
regulates heart
rate, breathing,
sleep cycles
and emotions
22. The cells of the nervous system are called Neurones
cell body
axon
myelin sheath
dendrites nerve endings
nucleus
structure of a neurone
23. There are different typesof neurons
sensory neuronemotor neurone relay neurone
direction of
electrical
signal
sends signals to your muscles
to tell them to move
sends signals from
your sense organs
connects neurones to
other neurones
dendrites
cell body
axon
myelin
sheath
nerve
endings
24. neurones communicate with each other using a
mixture of electrical & chemical signals
cell body
axon
myelin sheath
dendrites nerve endings
nucleus an electrical
signal is
transmitted
along the axon
But what happens when the signal
reaches the end of the axon?
25. cell body
axon
myelin sheath
dendrites nerve endings
nucleus the signal
is transmitted to
another neurone across a
junction called a synapse by
chemicals called
neurotransmitters.
synapse
Signals cross between neurones at the Synapse
neurotransmitter
vesicle
synaptic cleft
receptor
26. the signal
is transmitted to
another neurone across a
junction called a synapse by
chemicals called
neurotransmitters.
cell body
axon
myelin sheath
dendrites nerve endings
nucleus
synapse
Signals cross between neurones at the Synapse
neurotransmitter
vesicle
synaptic cleft
receptor
electrical impulse triggers vesicles
to move to the synapse membrane
1
vesicles fuse with the membrane and
release neurotransmitter into the
synaptic cleft
2
neurotransmitter diffuses across
the cleft and binds to receptors
on the other side
3
Once enough receptors have
neurotransmitters bound to
them, the signal is
transmitted…
4
27. The point where your muscles and nervous system meet is called the
neuromuscular junction (NMJ)
Signals sent from your central nervous
system to the NMJ tell muscles to move
The synapses at the NMJ
use a neurotransmitter
called acetylcholine