The document provides an overview of Huffman coding, a lossless data compression algorithm. It begins with a simple example to illustrate the basic idea of assigning shorter codes to more frequent symbols. It then defines key terms like entropy and describes the Huffman coding algorithm, which constructs an optimal prefix code from the frequency of symbols in the data. The document discusses how the algorithm works, its advantages in achieving compression close to the source entropy, and some limitations. It also covers applications of Huffman coding like image compression.