The document summarizes key aspects of translation: 1. Ribosomes contain two subunits that bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize proteins. Initiation involves the small subunit binding the start codon and nearby sequences. 2. Elongation occurs as amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain via three transfer RNA binding sites on the ribosome. Termination happens when a stop codon is reached and the complete protein is released. 3. Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation include eukaryotic ribosomes scanning mRNA from the 5' cap for the start codon and coupled transcription-translation being impossible.