GKA deel 1 college 5
•
0 likes•597 views
The document describes a study where two boys with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) were treated with hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy using a lentiviral vector. ALD is caused by a defect in the ABCD1 gene which encodes a peroxisomal protein involved in lipid degradation in oligodendrocytes and microglia, leading to demyelination. The gene therapy involved inserting a functional copy of the ABCD1 gene into the boys' hematopoietic stem cells using a lentiviral vector, which were then transplanted back into the patients in November 2009.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy with a Lentiviral Vector in X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Cartier, Hacein-Bey-Abina, Von Kalle, Fischer, Cavazzana-Calvo and others Science (2009) 326: 818 – 823 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Inserted Nov 2009](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Genetic engineering 34
Genetic engineering is the process of manipulating genes to introduce desirable traits. It involves combining DNA from different organisms, such as inserting a gene for insulin into bacteria. The gene is inserted into a plasmid or virus vector and introduced into a host cell. This allows the production of proteins like insulin to treat diseases. While genetic engineering holds promise to treat diseases, some argue it could disrupt nature in unintended ways. Regulatory issues also exist regarding its applications and effects.
Ch23
This document provides an overview of classical and modern genetics. It discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants which laid the foundations of classical genetics. It then explains how DNA and RNA were discovered as the molecules of heredity, and how they replicate and direct protein synthesis through the genetic code. The document also briefly touches on DNA mutations, viruses, the human genome project, and some ethical considerations around genetic information.
Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering uses biotechnology to directly manipulate an organism's genes. The CRISPR-Cas9 system allows genes to be added, removed, or altered by using the Cas9 enzyme to cut DNA at a targeted location. CRISPR-Cas9 acts as a bacterial immune system and can now be programmed to edit genes in other organisms like crops, animals, and potentially humans. This technology could help end diseases by editing genes, create genetically modified crops with desired traits, and potentially lead to "designer babies" with selected genes. However, genetic engineering also raises ethical concerns and risks unpredictable consequences.
Opening the Discovery of New Antiviral Candidates Against Zika Virus and Insi...
The main goal of this project is to accelerate the discovery of drug candidates against the zika virus, through the World Community Grid.
Crispr-cas9 food editing (genetic)
This document provides an overview of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology and its applications in food editing. It explains that CRISPR-Cas9 utilizes guide RNA and Cas9 nuclease to precisely target and edit DNA sequences. The document discusses how CRISPR-Cas9 is being used to improve crop traits like yield, nutrition, and disease resistance in tomatoes, rice, wheat, and other plants. While promising for agriculture, the document notes there are still controversies around off-target effects and safety that require further study before wide application of CRISPR gene editing in food.
GKA deel 2 college 2
The document discusses various aspects of the HIV virus and AIDS epidemic. It provides information on the structure and lifecycle of HIV, including how it binds and fuses with target cells, undergoes reverse transcription to produce DNA, and integrates into the host cell genome. Statistics are presented on the number of people worldwide infected with HIV/AIDS in 2006 and 2005.
Genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9
This document discusses several genetic diseases including muscular dystrophy, progeria, cystic fibrosis, and Wolf man syndrome that are caused by genetic mutations. It then provides an overview of past genome editing technologies like meganucleases, ZFNs, and TALENs and how they work. The bulk of the document focuses on describing CRISPR/Cas9 technology in detail, including its origins and timeline of discovery, how it works in bacteria, and how it can be used for genome editing. It outlines some potential applications of CRISPR including curing diseases, modifying animals and crops, and discusses both promises and ethical concerns around editing human embryos.
Genetic engineering & biotechnology
This document discusses the history and techniques of genetic engineering. It describes how genetic engineering has been used since 2500 BC through selective breeding and later through techniques like hybridization, gene splicing, cloning, and recombinant DNA. These techniques have allowed for improvements in food production, pollution control, and medicine. While genetic engineering holds promise, it also raises moral issues that require careful consideration.
Recommended
Genetic engineering 34
Genetic engineering is the process of manipulating genes to introduce desirable traits. It involves combining DNA from different organisms, such as inserting a gene for insulin into bacteria. The gene is inserted into a plasmid or virus vector and introduced into a host cell. This allows the production of proteins like insulin to treat diseases. While genetic engineering holds promise to treat diseases, some argue it could disrupt nature in unintended ways. Regulatory issues also exist regarding its applications and effects.
Ch23
This document provides an overview of classical and modern genetics. It discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants which laid the foundations of classical genetics. It then explains how DNA and RNA were discovered as the molecules of heredity, and how they replicate and direct protein synthesis through the genetic code. The document also briefly touches on DNA mutations, viruses, the human genome project, and some ethical considerations around genetic information.
Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering uses biotechnology to directly manipulate an organism's genes. The CRISPR-Cas9 system allows genes to be added, removed, or altered by using the Cas9 enzyme to cut DNA at a targeted location. CRISPR-Cas9 acts as a bacterial immune system and can now be programmed to edit genes in other organisms like crops, animals, and potentially humans. This technology could help end diseases by editing genes, create genetically modified crops with desired traits, and potentially lead to "designer babies" with selected genes. However, genetic engineering also raises ethical concerns and risks unpredictable consequences.
Opening the Discovery of New Antiviral Candidates Against Zika Virus and Insi...
The main goal of this project is to accelerate the discovery of drug candidates against the zika virus, through the World Community Grid.
Crispr-cas9 food editing (genetic)
This document provides an overview of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology and its applications in food editing. It explains that CRISPR-Cas9 utilizes guide RNA and Cas9 nuclease to precisely target and edit DNA sequences. The document discusses how CRISPR-Cas9 is being used to improve crop traits like yield, nutrition, and disease resistance in tomatoes, rice, wheat, and other plants. While promising for agriculture, the document notes there are still controversies around off-target effects and safety that require further study before wide application of CRISPR gene editing in food.
GKA deel 2 college 2
The document discusses various aspects of the HIV virus and AIDS epidemic. It provides information on the structure and lifecycle of HIV, including how it binds and fuses with target cells, undergoes reverse transcription to produce DNA, and integrates into the host cell genome. Statistics are presented on the number of people worldwide infected with HIV/AIDS in 2006 and 2005.
Genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9
This document discusses several genetic diseases including muscular dystrophy, progeria, cystic fibrosis, and Wolf man syndrome that are caused by genetic mutations. It then provides an overview of past genome editing technologies like meganucleases, ZFNs, and TALENs and how they work. The bulk of the document focuses on describing CRISPR/Cas9 technology in detail, including its origins and timeline of discovery, how it works in bacteria, and how it can be used for genome editing. It outlines some potential applications of CRISPR including curing diseases, modifying animals and crops, and discusses both promises and ethical concerns around editing human embryos.
Genetic engineering & biotechnology
This document discusses the history and techniques of genetic engineering. It describes how genetic engineering has been used since 2500 BC through selective breeding and later through techniques like hybridization, gene splicing, cloning, and recombinant DNA. These techniques have allowed for improvements in food production, pollution control, and medicine. While genetic engineering holds promise, it also raises moral issues that require careful consideration.
Exon 3
This document describes the nucleotide sequence of the exon 3 and partial coding sequence of the myostatin (MSTN) gene from Bakerwal goats (Capra hircus). The 381 base pair sequence was submitted to GenBank and includes annotations for the source organism, gene, mRNA, coding sequence, exon, and translated protein sequence. It aims to characterize the coding regions of the MSTN gene in Bakerwal goats and compare it to the sequence in sheep.
Research Abstract
This study examined how aging affects AICD gene expression in zebrafish. The researchers analyzed AICD RNA levels in the gut tissue of 5-, 11-, and 13-month old zebrafish using qPCR and found no significant difference, indicating that AICD expression is not altered during this period. They also found that changing the zebrafish housing conditions did not affect AICD levels. Future work will involve analyzing AICD and Tcf3a gene expression in 20-month old zebrafish to further study the effects of aging, requiring the isolation of B-cells from the zebrafish.
Next Generation Sequencing - Prof. Frans Cremers
Next generation sequencing (NGS) provides a 1000-fold increase in sequencing output and a 100-fold reduction in cost compared to Sanger sequencing. This allows for large-scale sequencing of genes and genomes to identify genetic defects underlying human diseases. The document describes applications of NGS in clinical genetics such as sequencing known disease genes, identifying new disease genes, sequencing whole genomes, and sequencing all human genes in patients. It also discusses future predictions and challenges regarding use of NGS in clinical genetics.
06 isafg p77 genome wide expression consequences of a disease resistance qtl ...
06 isafg p77 genome wide expression consequences of a disease resistance qtl ...Laurence Dawkins-Hall
Genome wide expression consequences of a disease resistance QTL are strongly influenced by the genetic background. The document discusses finding QTL genes in mice, with few genes having a large effect and many having small effects. It also discusses mouse models of trypanosomiasis and survival differences between parental strains and an F6 generation. Trypanosoma infection response loci were mapped between C57BL/6 and AJ and C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse strains. A microarray study looked at gene expression differences between resistant C57BL/6 and susceptible AJ mice. The Daxx gene was found to be located within a Trypanosoma infection response QTL and had a polymorphism in its p53J. Martin, SUR Programme
This document discusses using the CRISPR-Cas9 nickase system to contract unstable trinucleotide repeats that cause neurological diseases like Huntington's disease. It introduces trinucleotide repeat disorders and describes how the CRISPR-Cas9 system can introduce single-stranded breaks instead of double-stranded breaks to contract repeats. The document outlines experiments transfecting cells with inducible GFP genes containing variable CAG repeat lengths to determine the minimum repeat size contractible by Cas9 nickase and whether double-stranded breaks from two gRNAs improve contraction efficiency.
Genetic Engineering: Chapter 1- History of Genetic Engineering
This document provides a history of genetic engineering. It discusses how genetic engineering began with selective breeding of plants and animals in prehistoric times. The modern field of genetic engineering began in 1973 when Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen accomplished the direct transfer of DNA between organisms. Since then, major breakthroughs included the discovery of restriction enzymes in 1969, the first recombinant DNA molecule in 1972, DNA sequencing in 1977, and PCR in 1983. Genetically modified foods and medicines have been commercialized since 1976. The latest developments include gene editing technologies and clinical applications of modified cells.
Simvastatine, Edaravone and Dexamethasone protect against kainate - induced e...
Simvastatine, Edaravone and Dexamethasone protect against kainate - induced endothelial cell damage
Examine the direct effects of kainate on cultured cells of the BBB and to test three anti inflammatory and antioxidant drugs used in clinical practice, simvastatin, edaravone and dexamethasone, to protect against kainate-induced changes.
Genetic Engineering and the future of Evolutiom
Genetic engineering will allow humans to direct their own evolution for the first time in history. By arranging the four bases of DNA - A, T, G, C - genetic instructions can be changed, altering organisms. CRISPR is a new, faster, cheaper, and more precise genetic engineering tool that can edit live cells and has reduced the cost of genetic engineering by 99%. If guided with caution, genetic engineering has the potential to cure diseases like HIV and cancer, extend human lifespans by borrowing genes from immortal species, and enhance humans for space travel by engineering plants and stronger bodies. However, there are also risks like the rise of "designer babies", dictators forcing genetic changes, and the creation of super soldiers
Genetic Modulation Of Aii Amacrine Cell & Type
This is a presentation on work I have done at the UCSB Neuroscience Research Institute where I was an undergraduate researcher.
Crispr
CRISPR is a gene editing technology that has many applications in medicine, agriculture, and the environment. It works by using guide RNA and Cas9 protein to edit genes. In medicine, it shows promise for treating diseases like HIV/AIDS, muscular dystrophy, and cancer. In agriculture and environment, CRISPR can be used to develop crops that are more nutritious, resistant to climate change and pests, helping reduce hunger and poverty. While the prospects for CRISPR are good, there are also ethical concerns to consider regarding its use and effects. The future of CRISPR is limitless but it should be applied cautiously.
Embryonic Cancer Therapy – TEDxCluj 2018
These slides were presented at TEDxCluj 2018. They highlight a revolutionary new treatment for cancer that involves the use of genetic engineering and embryonic gene-editing. You can watch the presentation here: https://youtu.be/bT-0oGDJqyo
Nucleosome maps of the human Cytomegalovirus genome reveal a temporal switch ...
This study investigated the role of the human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) IE protein in nucleosome organization and chromatin structure and function during viral infection. The results showed that hCMV infection causes massive changes to nucleosome organization across the viral genome. Specifically, it was found that (1) IE1 protein expression leads to temporal changes in nucleosome organization dependent on IE1, (2) IE1 expression affects nucleosome occupancy across the hCMV genome, and (3) there is a negative correlation between IE1-dependent changes in nucleosome organization and gene expression. The study provides new insights into how hCMV manipulates chromatin structure to facilitate viral replication.
Evo genetic evidence_lt10
This document discusses genetic and molecular evidence for evolution. It explains that all living cells use DNA and RNA to carry information from one generation to the next and direct protein synthesis, and that the genetic code is nearly identical across organisms. It provides an example comparing the amino acid sequences of different species, finding fewer differences between more closely related species like mice and coelacanths than between mice and the more distantly related fugu fish. The document also discusses how Mendel's work on heredity from 1856-1863 was rediscovered in the early 1900s, after Darwin developed his theory of evolution, since the mechanics of heredity were unknown at that time.
CRISPR: Opportunities and Challenges Webinar
CRISPR is a genome-editing technique that provides a simple yet versatile method for making targeted changes to the genome of living cells. Researchers have already applied CRISPR to reverse disease-causing mutations and to engineer pest-resistant crops.
In this CRISPR webinar, PreScouter will be joined by experts and researchers to review CRISPR's opportunities and challenges. We will touch upon key challenges, such as reducing off-target effects, as well as new advances set to overcome some of the current limitations, such as novel CRISPR systems. Additionally, we'll highlight potential first applications of the technology within medicine and agriculture.
This is a great opportunity to not only learn from experts about how this disruptive technology is changing gene editing but also ask your personal questions about CRISPR.
Moderator:
This CRISPR discussion will be moderated by Charles Wright, the Medical Project Architect at PreScouter.
Panelists:
John G. Doench, Ph.D., is Associate Director of the Genetic Perturbation Platform at the Broad Institute.
C. B. Gurumurthy (Guru), BVSC, MVSC, Ph.D. Exec. MBA, is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, and he serves as the Director of UNMC Mouse Genome Engineering Core Facility at the University of Nebraska Medical Center.
Shuibing Chen is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Surgery and Biochemistry at Weill Cornell Medical College, New York.
genetic engineering, future perspectives and QC validation
this ppt will help you in studying genetic engineering, its introduction, history, basics, methods and procedures, QC validation, future perspectives and applications.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Klebsiella pneumoniae CarbapenemasePositive
This document summarizes the draft genome sequence of a pan-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain isolated from a patient in Colombia that harbors the blaKPC-2 gene encoding the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase enzyme on a plasmid. Sequence analysis revealed this strain belongs to the high-risk ST111 sequence type and carries the blaKPC-2 gene on a 33.5 kb plasmid, representing the first reported ST111 strain with this resistance gene on a plasmid. Characterization of this genome provides insight into the increasing threat of transferable antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa.
Genetic technology
This document discusses genetic engineering and biotechnology techniques. It describes how genetic engineering allows scientists to directly manipulate DNA. The key steps discussed are DNA extraction, cutting DNA with restriction enzymes, separating DNA fragments using gel electrophoresis, and making copies of DNA using PCR. Gel electrophoresis is described as a technique used to separate DNA fragments by size through an electric current in a gel matrix. Cloning techniques are also summarized, including the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997. The process of cloning involves fusing the nucleus of a donor adult cell into an egg cell to produce a genetically identical organism.
Agbt 2013 final
1) The document compares genome assemblies of rice using different sequencing techniques, finding that a combination of PacBio long reads corrected with Illumina and further shredded with long Illumina reads produced the best assembly with a contig NG50 of 36,127.
2) It also lists the collaborators on the rice genome assembly project between McCombie, Ware, and Pacific Biosciences labs, including researchers from Cornell.
3) Duckweed is proposed as a potential new biofuel that can yield about 7.5 gallons of ethanol per day from 0.1 tons of duckweed grown on an acre of land.
genetic engineering
Genetic engineering can help address problems like food shortages by developing crops resistant to threats. The Philippines faces a rice shortage due to black bug infestation. A company has developed weevil-resistant corn through genetic engineering that could help if planted there. However, genetic engineering also presents risks that must be considered, like potential health or environmental impacts, before pursuing this solution. Experts would need to evaluate what traits were modified in the corn, the benefits and risks of genetic engineering, and whether the benefits outweigh the risks.
Gene therapy
The sequencing of the human genome has been compared to putting a man on the moon, and it will certainly change health care, but the most important work lies ahead, in determining how to put the information to medical use. In this context, applications such as gene therapy are being explored. What was once seen as a science fiction dream is now becoming a real possibility.
Gene therapy is a new form of drug delivery that leads the patient's own cells to produce a therapeutic agent. It could potentially eliminate the need for repeated administration of proteins or drugs. Applications of gene therapy not only include rare inherited diseases but extend to common acquired disorders, including tumours (predominantly malignant melanoma) and haematological disorders, cardiovascular disease, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Gene therapy therefore could be a key element of medical practice in the future. Gene therapy is the insertion of genes into an individual's cells and tissues to treat a disease, and hereditary diseases in which a defective mutant allele is replaced with a functional one. Although the technology is still in its infancy, it has been used with some success. Antisense therapy is not strictly a form of gene therapy, but is a genetically-mediated therapy and is often considered together with other methods.
Gene therapy
Gene therapy involves using genes as pharmaceutical agents to treat disease. There are four main approaches to gene therapy: inserting a normal gene to compensate for a nonfunctional one, suppressing abnormal gene expression, repairing an abnormal gene through selective reverse mutation, or changing gene regulation. Gene therapy aims to cure the underlying causes of diseases, whereas conventional therapies usually just relieve symptoms. Gene therapy also has the potential for permanent or inheritable effects, unlike most conventional therapies. Common methods for delivering genes include viral vectors like retroviruses, adenoviruses, and AAV, as well as non-viral methods like naked DNA, electroporation, and liposomes.
More Related Content
What's hot
Exon 3
This document describes the nucleotide sequence of the exon 3 and partial coding sequence of the myostatin (MSTN) gene from Bakerwal goats (Capra hircus). The 381 base pair sequence was submitted to GenBank and includes annotations for the source organism, gene, mRNA, coding sequence, exon, and translated protein sequence. It aims to characterize the coding regions of the MSTN gene in Bakerwal goats and compare it to the sequence in sheep.
Research Abstract
This study examined how aging affects AICD gene expression in zebrafish. The researchers analyzed AICD RNA levels in the gut tissue of 5-, 11-, and 13-month old zebrafish using qPCR and found no significant difference, indicating that AICD expression is not altered during this period. They also found that changing the zebrafish housing conditions did not affect AICD levels. Future work will involve analyzing AICD and Tcf3a gene expression in 20-month old zebrafish to further study the effects of aging, requiring the isolation of B-cells from the zebrafish.
Next Generation Sequencing - Prof. Frans Cremers
Next generation sequencing (NGS) provides a 1000-fold increase in sequencing output and a 100-fold reduction in cost compared to Sanger sequencing. This allows for large-scale sequencing of genes and genomes to identify genetic defects underlying human diseases. The document describes applications of NGS in clinical genetics such as sequencing known disease genes, identifying new disease genes, sequencing whole genomes, and sequencing all human genes in patients. It also discusses future predictions and challenges regarding use of NGS in clinical genetics.
06 isafg p77 genome wide expression consequences of a disease resistance qtl ...
06 isafg p77 genome wide expression consequences of a disease resistance qtl ...Laurence Dawkins-Hall
Genome wide expression consequences of a disease resistance QTL are strongly influenced by the genetic background. The document discusses finding QTL genes in mice, with few genes having a large effect and many having small effects. It also discusses mouse models of trypanosomiasis and survival differences between parental strains and an F6 generation. Trypanosoma infection response loci were mapped between C57BL/6 and AJ and C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse strains. A microarray study looked at gene expression differences between resistant C57BL/6 and susceptible AJ mice. The Daxx gene was found to be located within a Trypanosoma infection response QTL and had a polymorphism in its p53J. Martin, SUR Programme
This document discusses using the CRISPR-Cas9 nickase system to contract unstable trinucleotide repeats that cause neurological diseases like Huntington's disease. It introduces trinucleotide repeat disorders and describes how the CRISPR-Cas9 system can introduce single-stranded breaks instead of double-stranded breaks to contract repeats. The document outlines experiments transfecting cells with inducible GFP genes containing variable CAG repeat lengths to determine the minimum repeat size contractible by Cas9 nickase and whether double-stranded breaks from two gRNAs improve contraction efficiency.
Genetic Engineering: Chapter 1- History of Genetic Engineering
This document provides a history of genetic engineering. It discusses how genetic engineering began with selective breeding of plants and animals in prehistoric times. The modern field of genetic engineering began in 1973 when Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen accomplished the direct transfer of DNA between organisms. Since then, major breakthroughs included the discovery of restriction enzymes in 1969, the first recombinant DNA molecule in 1972, DNA sequencing in 1977, and PCR in 1983. Genetically modified foods and medicines have been commercialized since 1976. The latest developments include gene editing technologies and clinical applications of modified cells.
Simvastatine, Edaravone and Dexamethasone protect against kainate - induced e...
Simvastatine, Edaravone and Dexamethasone protect against kainate - induced endothelial cell damage
Examine the direct effects of kainate on cultured cells of the BBB and to test three anti inflammatory and antioxidant drugs used in clinical practice, simvastatin, edaravone and dexamethasone, to protect against kainate-induced changes.
Genetic Engineering and the future of Evolutiom
Genetic engineering will allow humans to direct their own evolution for the first time in history. By arranging the four bases of DNA - A, T, G, C - genetic instructions can be changed, altering organisms. CRISPR is a new, faster, cheaper, and more precise genetic engineering tool that can edit live cells and has reduced the cost of genetic engineering by 99%. If guided with caution, genetic engineering has the potential to cure diseases like HIV and cancer, extend human lifespans by borrowing genes from immortal species, and enhance humans for space travel by engineering plants and stronger bodies. However, there are also risks like the rise of "designer babies", dictators forcing genetic changes, and the creation of super soldiers
Genetic Modulation Of Aii Amacrine Cell & Type
This is a presentation on work I have done at the UCSB Neuroscience Research Institute where I was an undergraduate researcher.
Crispr
CRISPR is a gene editing technology that has many applications in medicine, agriculture, and the environment. It works by using guide RNA and Cas9 protein to edit genes. In medicine, it shows promise for treating diseases like HIV/AIDS, muscular dystrophy, and cancer. In agriculture and environment, CRISPR can be used to develop crops that are more nutritious, resistant to climate change and pests, helping reduce hunger and poverty. While the prospects for CRISPR are good, there are also ethical concerns to consider regarding its use and effects. The future of CRISPR is limitless but it should be applied cautiously.
Embryonic Cancer Therapy – TEDxCluj 2018
These slides were presented at TEDxCluj 2018. They highlight a revolutionary new treatment for cancer that involves the use of genetic engineering and embryonic gene-editing. You can watch the presentation here: https://youtu.be/bT-0oGDJqyo
Nucleosome maps of the human Cytomegalovirus genome reveal a temporal switch ...
This study investigated the role of the human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) IE protein in nucleosome organization and chromatin structure and function during viral infection. The results showed that hCMV infection causes massive changes to nucleosome organization across the viral genome. Specifically, it was found that (1) IE1 protein expression leads to temporal changes in nucleosome organization dependent on IE1, (2) IE1 expression affects nucleosome occupancy across the hCMV genome, and (3) there is a negative correlation between IE1-dependent changes in nucleosome organization and gene expression. The study provides new insights into how hCMV manipulates chromatin structure to facilitate viral replication.
Evo genetic evidence_lt10
This document discusses genetic and molecular evidence for evolution. It explains that all living cells use DNA and RNA to carry information from one generation to the next and direct protein synthesis, and that the genetic code is nearly identical across organisms. It provides an example comparing the amino acid sequences of different species, finding fewer differences between more closely related species like mice and coelacanths than between mice and the more distantly related fugu fish. The document also discusses how Mendel's work on heredity from 1856-1863 was rediscovered in the early 1900s, after Darwin developed his theory of evolution, since the mechanics of heredity were unknown at that time.
CRISPR: Opportunities and Challenges Webinar
CRISPR is a genome-editing technique that provides a simple yet versatile method for making targeted changes to the genome of living cells. Researchers have already applied CRISPR to reverse disease-causing mutations and to engineer pest-resistant crops.
In this CRISPR webinar, PreScouter will be joined by experts and researchers to review CRISPR's opportunities and challenges. We will touch upon key challenges, such as reducing off-target effects, as well as new advances set to overcome some of the current limitations, such as novel CRISPR systems. Additionally, we'll highlight potential first applications of the technology within medicine and agriculture.
This is a great opportunity to not only learn from experts about how this disruptive technology is changing gene editing but also ask your personal questions about CRISPR.
Moderator:
This CRISPR discussion will be moderated by Charles Wright, the Medical Project Architect at PreScouter.
Panelists:
John G. Doench, Ph.D., is Associate Director of the Genetic Perturbation Platform at the Broad Institute.
C. B. Gurumurthy (Guru), BVSC, MVSC, Ph.D. Exec. MBA, is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, and he serves as the Director of UNMC Mouse Genome Engineering Core Facility at the University of Nebraska Medical Center.
Shuibing Chen is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Surgery and Biochemistry at Weill Cornell Medical College, New York.
genetic engineering, future perspectives and QC validation
this ppt will help you in studying genetic engineering, its introduction, history, basics, methods and procedures, QC validation, future perspectives and applications.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Klebsiella pneumoniae CarbapenemasePositive
This document summarizes the draft genome sequence of a pan-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain isolated from a patient in Colombia that harbors the blaKPC-2 gene encoding the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase enzyme on a plasmid. Sequence analysis revealed this strain belongs to the high-risk ST111 sequence type and carries the blaKPC-2 gene on a 33.5 kb plasmid, representing the first reported ST111 strain with this resistance gene on a plasmid. Characterization of this genome provides insight into the increasing threat of transferable antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa.
Genetic technology
This document discusses genetic engineering and biotechnology techniques. It describes how genetic engineering allows scientists to directly manipulate DNA. The key steps discussed are DNA extraction, cutting DNA with restriction enzymes, separating DNA fragments using gel electrophoresis, and making copies of DNA using PCR. Gel electrophoresis is described as a technique used to separate DNA fragments by size through an electric current in a gel matrix. Cloning techniques are also summarized, including the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997. The process of cloning involves fusing the nucleus of a donor adult cell into an egg cell to produce a genetically identical organism.
Agbt 2013 final
1) The document compares genome assemblies of rice using different sequencing techniques, finding that a combination of PacBio long reads corrected with Illumina and further shredded with long Illumina reads produced the best assembly with a contig NG50 of 36,127.
2) It also lists the collaborators on the rice genome assembly project between McCombie, Ware, and Pacific Biosciences labs, including researchers from Cornell.
3) Duckweed is proposed as a potential new biofuel that can yield about 7.5 gallons of ethanol per day from 0.1 tons of duckweed grown on an acre of land.
genetic engineering
Genetic engineering can help address problems like food shortages by developing crops resistant to threats. The Philippines faces a rice shortage due to black bug infestation. A company has developed weevil-resistant corn through genetic engineering that could help if planted there. However, genetic engineering also presents risks that must be considered, like potential health or environmental impacts, before pursuing this solution. Experts would need to evaluate what traits were modified in the corn, the benefits and risks of genetic engineering, and whether the benefits outweigh the risks.
What's hot (20)
06 isafg p77 genome wide expression consequences of a disease resistance qtl ...
06 isafg p77 genome wide expression consequences of a disease resistance qtl ...
Genetic Engineering: Chapter 1- History of Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering: Chapter 1- History of Genetic Engineering
Simvastatine, Edaravone and Dexamethasone protect against kainate - induced e...
Simvastatine, Edaravone and Dexamethasone protect against kainate - induced e...
Genetic Modulation Of Aii Amacrine Cell & Type
Genetic Modulation Of Aii Amacrine Cell & Type
Nucleosome maps of the human Cytomegalovirus genome reveal a temporal switch ...
Nucleosome maps of the human Cytomegalovirus genome reveal a temporal switch ...
genetic engineering, future perspectives and QC validation
genetic engineering, future perspectives and QC validation
Draft Genome Sequence of a Klebsiella pneumoniae CarbapenemasePositive
Draft Genome Sequence of a Klebsiella pneumoniae CarbapenemasePositive
Viewers also liked
Gene therapy
The sequencing of the human genome has been compared to putting a man on the moon, and it will certainly change health care, but the most important work lies ahead, in determining how to put the information to medical use. In this context, applications such as gene therapy are being explored. What was once seen as a science fiction dream is now becoming a real possibility.
Gene therapy is a new form of drug delivery that leads the patient's own cells to produce a therapeutic agent. It could potentially eliminate the need for repeated administration of proteins or drugs. Applications of gene therapy not only include rare inherited diseases but extend to common acquired disorders, including tumours (predominantly malignant melanoma) and haematological disorders, cardiovascular disease, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Gene therapy therefore could be a key element of medical practice in the future. Gene therapy is the insertion of genes into an individual's cells and tissues to treat a disease, and hereditary diseases in which a defective mutant allele is replaced with a functional one. Although the technology is still in its infancy, it has been used with some success. Antisense therapy is not strictly a form of gene therapy, but is a genetically-mediated therapy and is often considered together with other methods.
Gene therapy
Gene therapy involves using genes as pharmaceutical agents to treat disease. There are four main approaches to gene therapy: inserting a normal gene to compensate for a nonfunctional one, suppressing abnormal gene expression, repairing an abnormal gene through selective reverse mutation, or changing gene regulation. Gene therapy aims to cure the underlying causes of diseases, whereas conventional therapies usually just relieve symptoms. Gene therapy also has the potential for permanent or inheritable effects, unlike most conventional therapies. Common methods for delivering genes include viral vectors like retroviruses, adenoviruses, and AAV, as well as non-viral methods like naked DNA, electroporation, and liposomes.
Gene therapy - a Powerpoint Presentation
This document discusses gene therapy for the treatment of cancer. It begins by explaining what genes are and how they relate to cancer development. It then describes the process of making gene therapy medicine, which involves using a modified adenovirus to deliver a tumor suppressor gene like p53 into cancer cells. The document explains how gene therapy works by having the adenovirus deliver the tumor suppressor gene into the cancer cell nucleus, where it causes the cancer cell to self-destruct. It notes that gene therapy can be administered directly into tumors or systemically via injection. The document concludes by presenting examples of patients who were
Gene Therapy
Gene therapy is an experimental treatment that involves introducing genetic material into a person’s cells to fight or prevent disease. Researchers are studying gene therapy for a number of diseases, such as severe combined immuno-deficiencies, hemophilia, Parkinson's disease, cancer and even HIV, through a number of different approaches (see video: 'Gene Therapy a new tool to cure human diseases'). A gene can be delivered to a cell using a carrier known as a “vector.” The most common types of vectors used in gene therapy are viruses. The viruses used in gene therapy are altered to make them safe, although some risks still exist with gene therapy. The technology is still in its infancy, but it has been used with some success.
Gene therapy
This document discusses gene therapy and genetic engineering. It distinguishes between gene therapy, which aims to treat disease by replacing mutated genes, and genetic enhancement, which aims to modify humans in a way that goes beyond curing illness or disability. While gene therapy seeks to cure disease and is considered acceptable, genetic enhancement that modifies humans to make them "super human" raises ethical issues and is generally not supported by the Catholic Church. The key distinction is that gene therapy should be therapeutic and only done to promote health, while genetic enhancement goes beyond therapy and could worsen conditions or unfairly advantage some individuals.
Gene therapy
Gene therapy involves modifying genes to treat or cure disease. It works by replacing mutated genes, inactivating abnormal genes, or introducing new genes. Early successes treated immune deficiencies, but challenges remain in achieving long-term effects without side effects. Promising areas are treating inherited retinal diseases and Parkinson's through localized delivery of therapeutic genes using viral or non-viral vectors. While offering potential cures, gene therapy also raises ethical issues that require ongoing discussion.
Gene therapy.. Dr.Padmesh
Gene therapy involves introducing functional genes into patients to treat diseases. It has three main steps: identifying the defective gene, cloning the normal gene, and inserting the normal gene into target cells. There are two main approaches - ex vivo, where cells are removed and modified before being returned, and in vivo, where genes are directly inserted. Gene therapy aims to either augment gene function for loss of function mutations or inhibit gene expression for negative dominant mutations. While promising results have been seen for some diseases, risks still include immune reactions and insertional mutagenesis.
Gene therapy
Gene therapy involves delivering genes to correct genetic abnormalities. The first successful gene therapy treated a girl with severe combined immunodeficiency. Gene therapy can replace, deactivate, introduce, or enhance genes to treat diseases. Viral and non-viral vectors are used to deliver genes. While gene therapy has treated some genetic diseases and cancers, it remains imperfect as many diseases involve multiple genes and genes can be difficult to target precisely without risks.
Gene therapy
The document discusses gene therapy and its potential to treat genetic diseases. It describes how gene therapy works by introducing functional genes into cells to replace defective genes causing disease. The first approved gene therapy treated a girl with ADA-SCID by inserting a functional ADA gene. While promising, gene therapy faces challenges like short-lived effects and safety issues that must still be addressed.
DNA Transcription- Part-1
The document discusses DNA transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, transcription involves initiation at a promoter region, elongation of RNA polymerase along the DNA, and termination. Initiation requires binding of RNA polymerase and sigma factor to the promoter. Elongation follows base pairing rules. Termination can be rho-dependent or independent. Eukaryotic transcription is more complex, occurring in the nucleus with three RNA polymerases and more elaborate promoter and regulatory elements that control transcription.
Gene therapy ppt
Gene therapy involves inserting normal genes into patients to replace abnormal genes that cause disease. It is being studied for many diseases like immunodeficiencies, hemophilia, Parkinson's, and cancer. The first gene therapy occurred in 1990 and involved treating a genetic immune deficiency. While it offers potential cures, there are also risks and ethical concerns around its use.
Viewers also liked (11)
Similar to GKA deel 1 college 5
Jamboree final presentation!
Presentation from the 2014 Waterloo iGEM team at the Giant Jamboree in Boston. Read more about Staphylocide, our microbe engineered to silence antiobiotic resistance, on our 2014 wiki: http://2014.igem.org/Team:Waterloo.
This presentation is also available on the iGEM website: http://2014.igem.org/files/presentation/Waterloo_Championship.pdf
Recombinant DNA Technology and Drug Discovery
Recombinant DNA technology and hybridoma technology have led to important advances in drug discovery and development. Recombinant DNA involves combining DNA segments from different organisms to produce novel genes and proteins. Key tools include restriction enzymes and DNA ligase. Genes can be inserted into vectors and expressed in host cells. This allows production of therapeutic proteins like insulin and monoclonal antibodies. Hybridoma technology fuses antibody-producing cells with myeloma cells to generate cell lines that produce monoclonal antibodies for diagnostic and therapeutic uses such as cancer treatment. Other biotechnology applications discussed include oligonucleotide therapy, gene therapy, and methods for analyzing and quantifying DNA and RNA.
CRISPRCas9 Gene Therapy Delivery Strategies.pdf
The emerging CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology greatly accelerates the R&D process in life sciences. Here, we briefly introduce CRISPR/Cas9 and its delivery strategies.
RNA interference (RNAi):A therapeutic strategy for aquaculture
The document discusses RNA interference (RNAi) as a therapeutic strategy for aquaculture. It describes how RNAi works through a two-step mechanism involving initiation by the enzyme Dicer and effector stage involving the RISC complex. Some successful implementations of RNAi in aquaculture are presented, including reducing mortality from WSSV in shrimp through intramuscular injection of siRNA. The document outlines developing RNAi therapies and applications in aquaculture but also notes limitations such as effective delivery and off-target effects that require further study.
Uncovering novel candidate genes for pyridoxine-responsive epilepsy in a cons...
This document summarizes Hilal Al Shekaili's work on characterizing the genetic cause of pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) in an Omani family. [1] Runs of homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing identified two candidate genes involved in vitamin transport and neuropeptide processing. [2] Further studies are planned to validate the candidate genes and recruit additional families. [3] Identifying new PDE genes could improve treatment and fill knowledge gaps in pyridoxine metabolism.
Genetic Basis of Pyridoxine-Responsive Neonatal Epilepsy in Consanguineous Fa...
Hilal Al-Shekaili is a PhD student at the University of British Columbia who conducts research in rare, autosomal recessive disorders, specifically pyridoxine-responsive epileptic encephalopathies (PREE). PREE is often characterized by recurrent seizures in the prenatal, neonatal, or postnatal period, which are typically resistant to conventional anticonvulsant treatment but are well-controlled by the administration of pyridoxine (vitamin B6). Hilal and his colleagues at UBC are undertaking a research project to identify novel genetic causes in unexplained forms of pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE), a special type of PREE with an estimated incidence of 1:20,000 to 1:750,000. In most affected infants, PDE is caused by mutations in the antiquitin gene (ALDH7A1) and subsequent inactivation of α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (antiquitin, ATQ).
Currently, ALDH7A1 is the only gene for which mutations are known to underlie PDE. However, locus heterogeneity has been reported in some families and other genes seem to be involved. Nearly 5% of children with a typical clinical picture of PDE harbor no detectable mutation of ALDH7A1. Identifying causative genes in such families will likely lead to improved treatment for these patients and help unravel much of the unknown about pyridoxine metabolism in the human body.
In this webinar, Hilal will cover how he and his team used whole-genome SNP genotyping, genome-wide runs of homozygosity (RoH) mapping using SVS, and whole-exome sequencing to characterize the genetic defect underlying PREE in a consanguineous Omani Arab family with two affected children who have a PDE-like clinical picture but negative ATQ biomarkers.
2015 10 21_pathology_wim_vancriekinge
The document discusses epigenetics and DNA methylation in oncology. It provides an introduction to epigenetics and how epigenetic modifications can regulate gene expression without changing DNA sequence. It then discusses using DNA methylation as an epigenetic biomarker for cancer, including prostate and bladder cancers. Specific methylated genes are highlighted as biomarkers for bladder cancer detection in urine samples from patients with hematuria. Validation study results show the biomarkers can accurately detect bladder cancer with high sensitivity and negative predictive value, reducing unnecessary cystoscopies.
Sigma xi presentation final1
This document discusses research on the mechanism of translation initiation on the genomic RNA of Cadicivirus A, a naturally occurring dicistronic picornavirus. Cadicivirus A has a dicistronic genome containing two open reading frames separated by an intergenic region that functions as an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). The researchers investigated the structure of the 5'UTR IRES using SHAPE analysis, finding it closely resembled the structure of the poliovirus IRES. They showed the 5'UTR IRES could drive translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate and required the canonical initiation factor eIF4A. Toeprinting analysis was used to study 48S complex formation on the IRES
Human, Eukaryotic And Vitro Associations Of Murine Sec...
The document describes experiments to study the effects of vitamin D receptor (VDR) binding to vitamin D response elements (VDREs). Reporter plasmids containing wildtype or mutant VDREs upstream of firefly luciferase were constructed. These plasmids were transfected into HEK293T cells to assess VDR binding and activation of luciferase expression in response to vitamin D treatment.
Next Generation Sequencing and its Applications in Medical Research - Frances...
The so-called “next-generation” sequencing (NGS) technologies allows us, in a short time and in parallel, to sequence massive amounts of DNA, overcoming the limitations of the original Sanger sequencing methods used to sequence the first human genome. NGS technologies have had an enormous impact on biomedical research within a short time frame. This talk will give an overview of these applications with specific examples from Mendelian genomics and cancer research. #h2ony
Sigma xi presentation final1
The mechani smof t ransl at i on i ni t i at i on on t he genomi c RNA of Cadi ci vi rus A: a nat ural l y occurri ng di ci st roni c pi cornavi rus and t ype member of t he novel genus Di ci pi vi rus. The document discusses the discovery of Canine dicistronic picornavirus (Cadicivirus A, CDV-A) and aims to characterize the mechanism of translation initiation on its genomic RNA through predicting the secondary structure of its 5'UTR using SHAPE analysis and studying its activity in rabbit reticulocyte lysate using various constructs. Toe-printing
Sigma xi presentation mukta asnani
1) The study characterized the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) of Canine dicistronic picornavirus (Cadicivirus A), a naturally occurring dicistronic picornavirus.
2) Predictive modeling and SHAPE analysis were used to predict the secondary structure of the 5'UTR IRES and confirm its predicted folding.
3) Comparisons showed similarities between domains of the Cadicivirus IRES and domains of the poliovirus IRES, but also differences that may influence structure and function.
4) IRESs can be studied in vitro using rabbit reticulocyte lysate to determine their ability to independently initiate translation of a downstream cistron.
Crispr cas
This document summarizes Jai Kishan's presentation on gene manipulation techniques. It discusses conventional plant breeding, mutation breeding, transgenic plants, and several precise gene editing techniques like ZFN, TALENs, and CRISPR-Cas9. CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea by recognizing foreign DNA. The document then reviews the history and components of the CRISPR-Cas system and its applications in cancer therapy, viral diseases, bacterial infections, and genetic disorders. It also discusses challenges like delivery methods, mosaicism, immune responses, and off-target mutations. Key references on the discovery of CRISPR and its use in agriculture and as a genetic manipulation tool are presented.
RNA Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease
Presentation about RNA biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease, given at ICAHN Renal Research Conference on 4/29/2022
2012 Ultrasensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria by CRISPR_Cas12a couplin...
This document describes the development of an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor for detecting pathogenic bacteria using a CRISPR/Cas12a system coupled with a primer exchange reaction (PER). The biosensor utilizes functional DNA aptamers that lock a hairpin structure of the PER, preventing primer extension in the absence of target bacteria. The presence of target bacteria unlocks the hairpin, triggering the PER and extending the primer. This produces single-stranded DNA that activates the ssDNase activity of Cas12a, cleaving a methylene blue-labeled probe on an gold electrode and decreasing the electrochemical signal. The biosensor can quantify Escherichia coli O157:H7 from 10 to 106 CFU/mL
2012 Ultrasensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria by CRISPR_Cas12a couplin...
This document describes the development of an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor for detecting pathogenic bacteria using a CRISPR/Cas12a system coupled with a primer exchange reaction (PER). The biosensor utilizes functional DNA aptamers that lock a hairpin structure of the PER, preventing primer extension in the absence of target bacteria. The presence of target bacteria unlocks the hairpin, triggering the PER and extending the primer. This produces single-stranded DNA that activates the ssDNase activity of Cas12a, cleaving a methylene blue-labeled probe on an gold electrode and decreasing the electrochemical signal. The biosensor can quantify Escherichia coli O157:H7 from 10 to 106 CFU/mL
New Generation Sequencing Technologies: an overview
The document provides a history of DNA sequencing technologies. It begins with the discovery of DNA's structure in 1953 and the development of recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s. First generation Sanger sequencing produced short reads over 1,000 years to sequence the human genome. Next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms since 2005 have dramatically reduced costs while increasing throughput. NGS methods like Roche/454 pyrosequencing, Illumina/Solexa sequencing by synthesis, SOLiD ligation sequencing, and single-molecule real-time sequencing by Pacific Biosciences now enable large-scale genome and transcriptome analysis.
(Rn ai)
RNA interference (RNAi) technology uses small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs) to block gene expression. The document discusses RNAi mechanisms, applications for cancer treatment and hypercholesterolemia, production of siRNAs and miRNAs, and potential human side effects. RNAi is a promising approach being studied for developing therapies against diseases like liver cancer, respiratory infections, and high cholesterol levels. Companies are investigating RNAi therapeutics and developing methods for effective in vivo delivery of siRNAs and miRNAs to target tissues.
15 Therapy Of Genetics Diseases
This document discusses various approaches for therapy of genetic diseases, including conventional and gene therapy approaches. Conventional approaches include dietary therapy, protein/enzyme replacement, pharmacal therapy, and surgery. Gene therapy involves the deliberate introduction of genetic material into human cells for therapeutic purposes, and can be done through somatic or germline cell gene therapy, as well as ex vivo or in vivo approaches. Viral vectors are commonly used to deliver the therapeutic gene to target cells.
Cloning dna f inal
This document provides an overview of DNA cloning including:
1. The basic steps in DNA cloning including isolation of vector and gene source DNA, insertion into the vector, and introduction into cells.
2. Uses of polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzymes in cloning.
3. Applications of cloning such as recombinant protein production, genetically modified organisms, DNA fingerprinting, and gene therapy.
Similar to GKA deel 1 college 5 (20)
RNA interference (RNAi):A therapeutic strategy for aquaculture
RNA interference (RNAi):A therapeutic strategy for aquaculture
Uncovering novel candidate genes for pyridoxine-responsive epilepsy in a cons...
Uncovering novel candidate genes for pyridoxine-responsive epilepsy in a cons...
Genetic Basis of Pyridoxine-Responsive Neonatal Epilepsy in Consanguineous Fa...
Genetic Basis of Pyridoxine-Responsive Neonatal Epilepsy in Consanguineous Fa...
Human, Eukaryotic And Vitro Associations Of Murine Sec...
Human, Eukaryotic And Vitro Associations Of Murine Sec...
Next Generation Sequencing and its Applications in Medical Research - Frances...
Next Generation Sequencing and its Applications in Medical Research - Frances...
2012 Ultrasensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria by CRISPR_Cas12a couplin...
2012 Ultrasensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria by CRISPR_Cas12a couplin...
2012 Ultrasensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria by CRISPR_Cas12a couplin...
2012 Ultrasensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria by CRISPR_Cas12a couplin...
New Generation Sequencing Technologies: an overview
New Generation Sequencing Technologies: an overview
More from Biology, Utrecht University
Basic concepts
The document discusses key concepts in metabolism including:
- Metabolism extracts energy from fuels like carbohydrates and fats through catabolism and uses this energy to synthesize complex molecules through anabolism.
- Coupled reactions allow thermodynamically unfavorable reactions to proceed by making the overall free energy change negative.
- ATP is the universal energy currency in biological systems, and its hydrolysis drives metabolism by shifting reaction equilibria.
Plantenbiologie college 2 deel 2
The document discusses different carbon fixation pathways in plants. C4 plants fix carbon dioxide in mesophyll cells before it is transported to bundle sheath cells, concentrating CO2 around Rubisco and reducing photorespiration. This allows higher photosynthesis rates with lower transpiration. C4 plants evolved in hot, dry climates. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants fix CO2 at night and store it as malate, releasing CO2 for photosynthesis during the day, reducing water loss. CAM metabolism is inducible and some plants like ice plant switch to CAM in response to salt or drought stress.
Plantenbiologie college 2 deel 1
The document discusses photosynthesis in C3 and C4 plants. It shows that willow and maize plants will both survive under a sealed cover individually, but only the willow survives when the two are combined, due to the maize plant using oxygen during photosynthesis. It then examines the differences in carbon fixation pathways between C3 and C4 plants, including their A-Ci curves and leaf anatomy, showing C4 plants have adaptations that allow them to more efficiently fix carbon in hot, dry environments. The document depicts the pathways that allow C4 plants like maize to concentrate CO2 around rubisco through compartmentalization between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
Plantenbiologie college 1 deel 2
The rate of photosynthesis is often lower than expected for several reasons: 1) Dark respiration occurs during the day which reduces net photosynthesis, 2) Not all wavelengths of light are absorbed efficiently by leaves, and 3) Factors like photorespiration and suboptimal conditions can limit carbon fixation and respire photosynthates. Leaf anatomy, physiology, and environmental conditions can prevent photosynthesis from reaching its maximum potential.
More from Biology, Utrecht University (20)
Zintuigfysiologie (3) (elektromagnetiche receptoren, zien)
Zintuigfysiologie (3) (elektromagnetiche receptoren, zien)
Zintuigfysiologie (2) (chemoreceptoren, smaak en geur)
Zintuigfysiologie (2) (chemoreceptoren, smaak en geur)
Zintuigfysiologie (1) (mechanische receptoren, gehoor)
Zintuigfysiologie (1) (mechanische receptoren, gehoor)
GKA deel 1 college 5
- 11. HIV life cycle Stevenson, Nature Rev Imm 3, 2003, 851-858
- 13. How to make RNA? Stevenson, Nature Rev Imm 3, 2003, 851-858 One promoter
- 14. How to make RNA? Stevenson, Nature Rev Imm 3, 2003, 851-858 One promoter Two promoters
- 15. How to make RNA? Stevenson, Nature Rev Imm 3, 2003, 851-858 One promoter Two promoters Viral vector: adeno, HIV