Unit-02 From Hunting-Gathering to growing food.

1. Chapter-02 From Hunting-
Gathering to growing food.

2. INTRODUCTION:

3. The Earliest people: why were they on
the move?
Hunter- Gatherers moved from place to
place. There are many reasons for this.
First- They would have eaten up all the
available plant and animal resources.
Second- Animals move from place to place
so these people had to follow their
movements for hunting purposes.

4. The Earliest people: why were they on
the move?
Third- People may have moved from season
to season in search of different kinds of
plants.
Fourth- People living on their banks would
have had to go in search of water during the
dry seasons from their places.

5. Tools used by Hunters and Gatherers:
 Stone
 Wood
 Bones

7. Uses of Stones:
Cut the meat and
bone
Chop fruits and roots
Scrape barks etc..

8. Choosing a Place to live in
They lived near to the sources of
water, such as rivers and lakes.
People tried to find places where
good quality stone was easily
available as it was important for
hunting.

9. Important Archaeological
Sites:

10. ROCK PAINTING

11. Palaeolithic

12. Finding out about fire:
Traces of ash show that the people at
that time have invented the fire.
It could have been used for many
things:
as a source of light
to roast meat
to scare away animals

14. A Changing Environment:
Around 12,000 years ago, there were major
changes in the climate of the world, which
led to the development of grasslands in
many areas.
 This also led to an increase in the
number of animals that survived on the
grass.
So, people start thinking about herding
and rearing these animals.
 Fishing also became important for people.

15. Beginning of Farming and
Herding:
Early people found places, edible
plants grew and they began
looking after plants.
They tamed animals by giving
them Food and Reared them.
Slowly they began leading a
settled life.

17. Domestication:
Domestication is the process in which
people grow crops and look after
animals.
It began 12000 years ago.
The earliest domesticated animals
includes Dog, Sheep and goat.
The earliest plants to be domesticated
were Wheat, Barley and Rice.

18. BARLEY:

19. A New way of life:
People had to stay in the same place
for a long time looking after the plants.
 watering,
weeding,
 driving away animals and
birds
till the grain ripened

20. Storing of food grains:
Purpose of storage – Food and
Seed
Stored in clay pots, Baskets
and Pit in Ground
Reared animals used as store of
food ( Milk and Meat).

21. FIND OUT ABOUT THE FIRST
FARMER AND HERDERS:

22. TOWARD A SETTLED LIFE:
Burzahom (Kashmir): Pit houses – dug
into ground, with steps leading into
them- Protect from cold.
Neolithic Tools: Fine cutting edges ,
Grind grains.
Earthen pots: Cooking, Storage
Cloth Weaving: Cotton

23. TOWARD A SETTLED LIFE:

24. NEOLITHIC STONES:

25. LIVING AND DYING IN
MEHRGARH:

26. MEHRAGARH:
 Near Bolan pass in Iran
 Learnt to grew Barley and Wheat
 Rear Sheep and Goat for 1st time in this area.
 Bones of Deer, Pig, Sheep, Goat and Cattle.
 Square and Rectangular houses – 4 or more
compartments and Storage.
 Believed in life after death- Burial sites- Buried
with animals.

28. BURIAL FROM MEHRGARH: