This document discusses Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC), which is a process for identifying workplace hazards, assessing risks, and implementing risk controls. It defines key terms like hazard and risk. The purpose of HIRARC is to identify hazards, assess risks, and control risks to ensure workplace safety. It outlines the HIRARC process, which involves classifying work activities, identifying hazards, assessing risks, and controlling risks. Methods for hazard identification and risk assessment are also described. The hierarchy of controls from most to least effective are also provided.

1. HIRARC
Hazard Identification; Risk Assessment;
& Risk Control

2. Content
• Definition
• What is HIRARC ?
• Purpose of HIRARC
• OSH Acts and
Regulation
• OSH Management
System
• Model Implementation
Framework
• Process of HIRARC
• Classify Work Activities
• Tips For Classify Work
Activities
• Hazard Identification
(HI)
• Hazard Identification
Technique
• Risk Assessment (RA)
• Risk Control (RC)
• Hierarchy of Control
• Job Safety Analysis
(JSA)
• HIRARC Example
General Process Implementation

3. WHAT IS
HAZARD ?

4. DEFINITION
‘…In risk management, the term “hazard” is used to mean an
event that could cause harm…’
(British Standards Institution (2004), BS8800: Occupational Health and Safety
Management Systems – Guide, British Standards Institution, London).
‘….Hazards are sources of potential harm to human health,
property or environment, which may, under certain conditions,
lead to accidents…’
(Lind et al., 2008, “Safety risk assessment in industrial maintenance”, Journal of
Quality in Maintenance Engineering, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 205-217)
A source or a situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or
ill health, damage to property, damage to the environment or a combination
of these.

5. DEFINITION
Risk…
‘…expose a business to potential advantage or disadvantage, the
likelihood of occurrence and censequence of which can be
measured and manage…..’
Sonia Bharwani David Mathews, (2012),"Risk identification and analysis in the hospitality industry",
Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes
A combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous
event with specified period or in specified circumstances the
severity of injury or damage to the health of people, property,
environment or any combination of these caused by the event.

6. Hazard
Identification
Risk
Assessment
estimate level of risk and
determine tolerability
What Is HIRARC ?
‘…..In general, risk assessment should consist of hazard
identification, evaluation of preventive safety measures and
their functionality, estimation of exposure to the hazards, and
the evaluation of consequences and tolerability of the risk’
(Booty, F. (2006), Facilities Management Handbook, 3rd ed., Elsevier, Oxford).

7. Identify hazard source or
situation
Hazard
Identification
Risk
Assessment
Risk
Control
estimate level of risk and
determine tolerability
reduce or eliminate risk

8. Purpose of HIRARC
a) Legal requirement
b) to identify all the factors that may cause harm to
employees and others (the hazards);
c) to consider what the chances are of that harm actually be
falling anyone in the circumstances of a particular case
and the possible severity that could come from it (the
risks); and
d) to enable employers to plan, introduce and monitor
preventive measures to ensure that the risks are
adequately controlled at all times.

9. When to Carry out Risk Assessment?
• Before operation
• During operation
• After operation
1. Internal Operation
Before modification, changes or introduction of new
- material, machinery or processes, working procedures
2. External – legal requirement
When to Review Risk Assessment?

10. OSH ACTS & REGULATIONS
( b ) The making the
arrangements for
ensuring, so far as is
practicable, safety
and absence of risks
to health in
connection with the
use or operation,
handling, storage and
transport of plant and
substances.
( C ) The provision of
such information,
instruction, training
and supervision as is
necessary to ensure,
so far as practicable,
safety and health at
work of his
employees.
( a ) The provision
and maintenance
of plant and systems
of work that are, so
far as is practicable,
safe and without risks
to health GENERAL DUTIES
OF EMPLOYERS
AND SELF –
EMPLOYED
PERSONS ( SECTION
15,OSHA 1994)
Section 15 ( 2 )
Training
Instruction
Supervision

11. OSH ACTS & REGULATIONS
Peraturan
KKP
(USECHH)
2000
Peraturan
KKP
(CIMAH)
1996
OHSAS MS
18001 :
2007
OSHMS
MS 1722 :
2005.
OTHERS

12. OSH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

13. Model Implementation Framework

14. ⦁ Guidelines for Hazard
Identification, Risk
Assessment and Risk
Control
⦁ Published by
Department of
Occupational Safety
and Health (DOSH)
2008.
REFERENCE:

15. • SHO
• SHC MEMBERS
• PROCESS ENGINEER
• PRODUCTION MANAGER/
• SUPERVISOR
• EMPLOYEES
• SUPPLIES / CONTRACTOR
Who are involve-HIRARC

16. ‘As recent studies have shown, there are various risk
assessment tools and methodologies available to help an
organisation to assess risk.
However, prevention of accidents is based on risk
analysis, which involves the identification of the hazards and
the consequences and the likelihood of occurrence of each
hazard
• (Lind et al., 2008, “Safety risk assessment in industrial maintenance”, Journal of Quality in Maintenance
Engineering, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 205-217)
Methodology For HIRARC

17. Methodology For HIRARC
Document review
Policy, legal
document, record of
accident, NCR,
audit result, O&M
Manual.
Site Assessment
Observation,
interview
Brainstorming
Discussion to
identify

18. Classify work activities
Identify hazards
• Likelihood of occurrence,
and
• Severity of hazards
Conduct risk assessment, by
calculating or estimating
Decide if risk is tolerable and
apply control measures (if
necessary)
Process of HIRARC

19. • Routine and non-
routine activities (incl.
emergencies)
• Activities at workplace
(incl. contractors and
visitors)
• Infrastructure,
equipment and
materials at the
workplace.
Taking into account all
activities at the
workplace.
Clasify Work Activity

20. TIPS FOR CLASSIFY WORK
ACTIVITIES
Physical
area
Stage in
production
line or
process
Not too
big
Not too
small
Defined
task
Example:
workplace
Example:
Work
process
Example:
To make
building
Example:
To install
the screw
Example:
To
maintain
the
machine

21. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Means the identification of undesired events/conditions
that lead to the materialization of the hazard mechanism
by which those undesired events could occur.

22. • Eg. A tiger is a source Tiger attack is a hazard. Becoz has potential for harm
• A cage is the control.
• Therefore, a tiger in cage is less risk as compared to a tiger out of cage.
Furthermore, a tiger in cage is less dangerous than a tiger out of cage since the
hazard is already controlled.

23. Physical
area
Stage in
production
line or
process
Not too
big
Not too
small
Defined
task
CLASSIFY WORK ACTIVITIES
1. Handling patients, contaminated objects, body secretions, tissue or fluids
2. Using X-ray machine
3. Handling patients & moving objects
4. Dealing with angry and stressed patients and their families.
Working in Clinic

24. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
No Activities /
Equipment/ Faculties
R/NR
*
Hazard Consequences
1 handling patients,
contaminated objects,
body secretions, tissue
or fluids
R Infectious Diseases Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C
and Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) can be
spread
2 Using X-ray machine
R
Exposure to radioactive
and radiation
Cancer
Fatality
3 Handling patients &
moving objects R
Heavy lifting and frequent
bending or twisting when
moving objects or patients
Back injuries
4 Dealing with angry and
stressed patients and
their families.
R
Health care workers are at
risk from violence
Workplace violence can
result in loss of sleep,
fear or depression, post
traumatic stress disorder
*R-Routine, NR - Non Routine
HAZARD IDENTFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONTROL (HIRARC) FORM
JOB TITLE : Working in Clinic

25. Hazard Identification

26. Ergo
Bio • Ergonomic Hazard
• Biological Hazard
• Physical Hazard
Hazard Classification
Phy
Hazard identification need to
perform by every work process
at the workplace.
Chem • Chemical Hazard
Psy
• Psychological Hazard

27. Hazard Identification
•Physical Hazard

28. Hazard Identification
•Chemical Hazard

29. Hazard Identification
Ergonomic Hazard

30. Hazard Identification
• Biological Hazard

31. Hazard Identification
•Psychological Hazard

32. Hazard Identification Techniques

33. Risk Assessment
Risk Asessment
‘Risk assessment provides the foundation for successful health
and safety management and is key to reducing work-related
accidents and occupational diseases, which in turn helps
improve work place health and safety as well as business
performance’
(Payne, 2000; European Agency for Safety and Health at Work,
2009).

34. Risk Assessment
Risk Asessment
Two semi-quantitative risk assessment methods for occupational
risk assessment identified in the literature:
 Papadakis and Chalkidou (2008)
Based on risk matrices with two dimensions, namely, the frequency
of occurrence of an accident and the severity of its consequences.
 Marhavilas and Koulouriotis (2008)
The proportional risk assessment technique called the “RSPE”
method based on the function R1 4 SPE, where “R” is the risk,
“S” is the severity of the accident consequences, “P” the
frequency of the accident and “E” the frequency of employee
exposure factor.

35. Risk Assessment
Risk Asessment
The risk analysis tool British Standards Institution (2004)
‘….A risk rating matrix where the likelihood of harm is expressed
broadly as very unlikely, unlikely, likely and very likely together
with the severity of harm…’

36. Risk Assessment
means the process of evaluating the risk to safety
and health arising from hazards at work.
Risk Asessment

39. Means the process of implementing measures to control the
risk associated with a hazard.
Selecting a control often involves –
a. evaluating and selecting short and long term controls;
b. Implementing short-term measures to protect workers
until permanent controls can be put in place; and
c. Implementing long term controls when reasonably
practicable.
For example, suppose a noise hazard is identified. Short-term
controls might require workers to use hearing protection. Long
term, permanent controls might remove or isolate the noise
source.
Risk Control

40. Hierarchy Of Control

41. Hierarchy Of Control
Elimination

42. Hierarchy Of Control
Substitution

43. Hierarchy Of Control
Isolation

44. Company name
Hierarchy Of Control
Engineering Control

45. Hierarchy Of Control
Administrative Control

46. Hierarchy Of Control
PPE – Safety helmet, mask,
safety shoe, apron, rubber mat,
Gloves, Ear muff, etc

47. • Enforcement is to ensure that proposed risk control is
done to minimize or eliminate the danger.
• Normally, the enforced and monitored by the PIC
appointed.
ENFORCEMENT

48. JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
• A job safety analysis can be performed for all jobs in the workplace, whether the job task is
non-routine or routine.
• To determine which jobs should be analyzed first, review your job injury and illness reports.

49. List the job and
define the
process
(activity)
sequence in
the Job List
Focu
s Readines
s, Scope
Resourc
e

52. Example - HIRARC

56. • Set a Process to review OHS Hazards & Risk
• Output/ results can be used to review :
* Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
* Training Materials
* Internal Audit
* Management Review/ Continuous
Improvement
* Justification for Budget allocations
SUMMARY

57. CONCLUSIONS
 Basic for OSH Management Is Hazard
Identification, Risk Assessment & Risk Control
 Various Risk Assessment Tools And Methodologies
Available To Help An Organisation To Assess Risk
 Basic for Hazard Management is Risk Assessment
 Selecting Of Control Should Follow Hierarchy Of
Control

58. Thank You