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- 1. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA)
- 2. Course Objectives 2 You will be able to: • Recognize and identify hazards • Conduct risk assessments • Manage risks
- 3. Introduction To and Definition of Hazards WHAT ARE HAZARDS? 3
- 4. Ask the question: Does it have the potential to cause harm? If the answer is yes, then it is a hazard. What Are Hazards? Anything with the Potential to Cause Harm Usually hidden and in latent form 4 People: Poor health, injury or fatality Environment: Negative impact Asset: Property Damage Reputation: Business Loss
- 8. 8 HAZARD TYPES AND SOURCES An Overview
- 9. Types of Hazards In the work place, hazards are broadly categorized as: Ergonomic Physical Chemical Biological Psychosocial 9
- 10. 10 Ergonomic Hazards Definition: Hazards that occur when work, body position or working conditions or environment put strain on one’s body Ergonomic hazards include Posture Workstation Work Environment
- 11. 11
- 12. 12 Physical Hazards Definition: Hazards caused by transfer of energy between an object and a worker. Types of physical hazards include Mechanical Hazard Electrical Hazard Thermal Hazard Pressure Hazard Environmental Hazard (noise, radiation, pollution) Slips, Trips, and Falls
- 13. 13 Chemical Hazards Definition: Hazards caused by inhale or contact with chemicals. Chemicals may be Corrosive Poisonous Explosive Chemical are found as Solid Liquid Gas
- 14. 14 Biological Hazards Definition: Hazards caused by contact with living organisms or their by-products Types of substances you may be exposed to include Blood or other body fluids Fungi Bacteria and viruses Plants Insect bites
- 15. Psychosocial Hazards Definitions: Hazards associated with the mental stresses of work Psychosocial hazards are caused by Workload Workplace Violence Harassment Peer Group Pressure 15
- 17. Presence of Hazards Hazards in the work area are not always observable to the eye; sometimes we need to look closer. 17
- 18. Hazard Identification – Consider the Past, Present and Future IdI dee nn tt ii ff ii e ed d H H a a z z a a r d r d s s Historical conditions What has gone wrong in the past? Root Cause Historical Records Process Experience Near Misses What could go wrong currently? Brainstorming Observation Checklists Existing conditions Future conditions What could go wrong due to change? Possible Change What-If Judgement Prediction 18
- 19. 19 Hazard Identification (HAZID) Hazard identification requires: • Being team-based • Being proactive when searching for hazards • Assessing all hazards • Also assessing current control system
- 20. 20 Overview and Definitions RISK ASSESSMENT
- 21. What Is Risk? Risk is the likelihood that a specified harm is caused from a particular hazard. hazard risk 21
- 22. 22 What Is Risk? Risk is a computation of the likelihood of harm being done and severity of that harm Risk = Likelihood X Severity
- 23. 23 What Is Risk Assessment? A Risk Assessment is simply a careful examination of • What, in your work, • Could cause harm to people, so that you can • Assess whether you have taken enough precautions or • Should do more to prevent harm.
- 24. 24 Risk Assessment - Steps 1. Hazard Identification 2. Identify who might be harmed and how 3. Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions 4. Identify control measures and record your findings 5. Communicate risks and recommend actions and review if needed
- 25. 25 Risk Assessment - Steps 1. Hazard Identification 2. Identify who might be harmed and how 3. Evaluate the risks decide on precautions 4. Identify control measures and record your findings 5. Communicate risks and recommend actions and review if needed
- 26. 26 Step 2: Identify Who Might Be Harmed and How • Workers carrying out the task • Other nearby workers • Visitors • Maintenance staffs • New/young workers • Pregnant women • Persons with disabilities • Property • Environment • Company reputation
- 27. 27 Risk Assessment - Steps 1. Hazard Identification 2. Identify who might be harmed and how 3. Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions. 4. Identify control measures and record your findings. 5. Communicate risks and recommend actions and review if needed
- 28. 28 Risk Assessment - Steps 1. Hazard Identification 2. Identify who might be harmed and how 3. Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions 4. Identify control measures and record your findings 5. Communicate risks and recommend actions and review if needed
- 29. Step 3: Evaluate the Risks 29
- 30. What Is Consequence? Consequence is the degree of harm. 30
- 31. 31 Consequence: Levels of Severity Harm to People SEVERITY TABLE Level Number Level Type Definition 1 Low Minor first aid treatment 2 Minor Medical treatment 3 Moderate Lost time injury 4 Major Fatality or permanent disability 5 Critical Multiple fatalities
- 32. What Is Likelihood? Likelihood is the probability that the consequence will occur 32
- 33. 33 Likelihood LIKELIHOOD TABLE Level Number Level Type Definition 1 Rare Occurs at least once in 100 years 2 Unlikely Occurs at least once every 10 years 3 Possible Occurs at least once a year 4 Likely Occurs at least once a month 5 Almost Certain Occurs at least once a week
- 34. 34 Risk Assessment Table RISK ASSESSMENT TABLE SEVERITY Low Minor Moderate Major Critical 1 2 3 4 5 L I K E L I H O O D Rare 1 1 2 3 4 5 Unlikely 2 2 4 6 8 10 Possible 3 3 6 9 12 15 Likely 4 4 8 12 16 20 Almost Certain 5 5 10 15 20 25
- 35. What We’ve Learned So Far: Review Hazard Identification Hazard & Scenario Analysis Likelihood Consequences Risk 1. Hazard Identification 2. Identify who might be harmed and how 35 3. Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions Next: 4. Identify control measures and record your findings 5. Communicate risks and recommend actions and review if needed
- 36. Step 4: Identify Control Measures Hierarchy of Control Measures Least Preferred 36 Most Preferred Eliminate / Substitute Engineering Controls Administrative Measures Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- 37. 37 Definitions of Control Measures Control Description Example Elimination Remove, redesign the process or plant so the hazard does not exist Eliminating the use of a chemical Substitution Hazard substituted with something of a lesser risk Hazardous chemical with Non hazardous chemical Engineering/ Isolation Hazard controlled through isolation using an engineering measure Machine guarding Administrative/ Training Hazard controlled by influencing people Safety procedures, rotation, signage Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Hazard controlled by the use of personal protective equipment Respirators, hearing protection, protection from impact
- 38. Effectiveness of Control Measures 38
- 39. Effectiveness of Control Measures 39
- 40. Effectiveness of Control Measures 40
- 41. Effectiveness of Control Measures 41
- 42. 42 Step 5: Communicate Risks Make the Case to Management • Top management • Department managers • Supervisors Inform the Relevant People • Chemical handler • Machine operator • Iron section • Other people at risk
- 43. 43 Inform the Relevant People • Chemical handlers, machine operators, etc are at the front line of risk and must be informed • All high risk operation operators must be well trained in high risk operation procedure • Show them the hazard • How it can be harmful • How to manage hazard • All operators should be trained in Safe Working Procedure • Regular refresher trainings
- 44. 44 • Show them the findings. • Ask them whether they agree with control measures. • Remind them of the effectiveness of control measures • Reach an agreement on control measures to be taken • Carefully negotiate implementation plan and timeline Meeting with Department Manager
- 45. 45 Review Risk Assessment • Building Modification • New equipment • Changes to – furniture, – hazardous substances, – work activities and – storage of goods • Incident
- 46. 46 1. Form the RA Team Select five participants to form the RA team • Suitable skills and experience • Multi-disciplinary • Equal participation Creating Value of RA
- 47. 47 2. Train, Plan, and Conduct Risk Assessment • Train the team • On hazard identification and Risk Assessment • On how to record findings • Plan the Risk Assessment at your factory • Identify areas of factory to be assessed • Assign areas for each team • Set the timeline for Risk Assessment • Communicate it to all supervisors and Department managers. Creating Value of RA
- 48. THANK YOU 48