This document provides information about the mineral Hingula (cinnabar) in several languages. It describes cinnabar's chemical composition, typical physical properties like color and hardness, common locations where it is found, traditional and artificial methods of preparation, various medical uses in formulations, and ways to identify it mineralogically. The key points are that cinnabar is a bright red mineral composed of mercury and sulfur, used historically as a pigment and source of mercury, and in Ayurveda it has rejuvenating, strength-building and aphrodisiac properties.

1. हिङ्गुल

4. Introduction
•7th mineral of Sadharana rasa.
•Identified as cinnabar.
•Chemically red sulphide of mercury.
•86.2% of Hg & 13.5% S
•Generally found in a massive granular or earthy form and is
bright scarlet to brick red in colour.
•Occasionally crystals with adamantine luster.
•Ancient times it has been mined for use as pigment as well
as for mercury.
•Crushed cinnabar is roasted in rotary furnace to get quick
silver(Hg).

5. Occurance
•Ores found in US, Japan, Spain, Italy, France, Germany and
Japan.
•Not found in India.
•Artificially prepared in laboratories.

6. Mineralological properties
Cleavage: {1010} Perfect
Color:
Lead gray, Brown, Brown pink, Vermilion, Gray.
Density: 8.1
Diaphaneity: Transparent to translucent to opaque
Fracture: Brittle - Sectile - Brittle fracture with slightly sectile shavings
possible.
Crystal system
Triagonal trapezohedral
Habit: Massive - Uniformly indistinguishable crystals forming large
masses.
Hardness: 2-2.5 - Gypsum-Finger Nail
Luminescence:
Non-fluorescent.
Luster: Adamantine
Streak: bright red

7. Classified under
Maharasas :- Rasarnava,R.H.T.,R.K.D.
Sadharanarasa:- R.R.S
Vernacular names.
Malayalam:- Chayilyam
Sanskrit:- Hingulam
Hindi:- Hingul
English:- Cinnabar
Tamil:- Lingam

8. Synonyms
Ingula Mlecha
Raktha Suranga
Kapisirshakam Rakthakaya
Hamsapada Darada
Chitrangam Churnaparadam
Rasodbhava Rasasthanam
Ranjanam

9. Mythological origin
पतििो दरदे देशे गौरवाद्वह्निवक्त्रिः ।।
स रसो भूिले लीिस ्ित्तद्देशतिवाससिः ।
िाां मृदां पािियन्त्रे क्षिप्त्वा सूिां िरह्न्त्ि च ।। रस-१.९० ।।

10. Hingula swaroopam
जपाकु सुमवर्ााभां पेषर्े सुमिोिर:।
मिोज्जज्जवलो भरपूर्ो हिङ्गुल: श्रेष्ठ इष्यिे॥
(र.ि ९/३)
•Japakusumavarnabha
•Beautiful on rubbing
•With brightly shining
•heavy

11. Varieties
हिङ्गुलःशुकिुण्डाख्योिांसपादस्िथापरः।।
प्रथमोऽल्पगुर्स्िरचमाारःसतिगद्यिे।।
श्वेिरेखःप्रवालाभोिांसपाकःसईररिः।।रस-३/139
2types:- 1.sukatunda/charmara-alpaguna
2.hamsapada-pravalabha with white lines
According to Ay.prakasa
3types;- 1.charmara-low-sukavarna
2.sukathunda-medium-pita
3.hamsapada-best-japakusuma samkasa

12. According to rasa tarangini
2types:-1.khanija
2.krithrima
Places of availability
Spain,Italy,France,Germany,Brazil,China,Japan,Russia,Americ
a,Iran,British columbia of Canada.In the city of Korea in Asia
minor,Hingula has been available since 3000yrs&has been in-
use in colour-industry

13. Sodhanam
bhavana in any of the following liquid for7times
Ginger juice
Lakuja rasa
Mesha dugdha&amla varga
Nimbu rasa

14. Properties
Rasa -tikta,katu,kashaya
Guna -usna
Virya -usna
Dosha prabhava -sarva doshagna,kapha-pittahari
Karma -deepana, rasayana, vrisya, balya, vajikara,
best for jarana

15. लोचिामयिर कफापि: पपत्तजामयतिषूदि: परम्।
प्तलीिकु ष्ठगरकामलािरो जठराह्ज्जिजििोऽथ पाचि:॥
मेिवगा पररिापिाशिोदेिकाह्न्त्िबलबुद्धिवद्ािि:।
आमवािगजदपाखण्डिो हिङ्गुलो पवजयिे ज्जवरापि:॥
र.ि.९/१८-१९

16. Asuddha hingula dosha
Moha Prameha
Chittavimbhramam Andya
Klama Ksainya
brama
आशुद्िो हिङ्गुलो मोि प्रमेिम् धचत्तपवभ्ाांआां।
आन्त््यां क्त्लमां िथा िैण्यां कु याात्तस्माद्पवशोियेि्॥ (र.ि ९/११)

17. Satvapaatanam/ Hingulakrishta rasa / Hingulotha
parada
पवद्यािराख्ययन्त्रस्थादार्द्ाकर्द्वमहदािाि्।
समाकृ ष्टो रसो योऽस्यौ हिङ्गुलाकृ ष्ट उच्यिे॥ (र.र.स.८/३९)

18. Methods adopted
•Urdhwa patanam
•Adhapathanam
Required quantity of hingula is taken in clean khalva and
subjected to bhavana with ardraka swarasa for 7 times.
It is dried and taken in lower pot of clean urdhva patana or
vidyadhara yantra.Another pot is kept on top and sandhilepa
is done followed by enabling condensation of mercury
vapours by placing a wet cloth over the top of upper pot.
Mercury is collected in the upper pot
It is collected washed and used as hingulotha parada.

19. • Dose:-1/2-1gunja
• Amayika prayoga
Hingula along with
Jatiphala+pippali+sunti+ahiphena+su.gandaka
—sukrasrita vata
Pippali+ativisha+madhu+ginger juice---jwara
Jatiphala+lavanga+indrayava+karpura—
amatisara with ruja
Jatiphala+ahiphena+musta+karpura+indrayava
—amatisara
Guduchi satva—amlapitta

20. Artificial preparation of Hingula
• 8part S+42part Hg ground &put in mrdhanga
yantra
• Rotate well by holding its handle for getting
slakshna curna
• While opening the yantra we will get dusara
varnabha curna
• Put this powder in a stali&close with another&do
sandhi lepana
• Put into fire&give heat in orderly
manner(increasing order)

21. Contd…
• Will get hingula from the neck portion of adha
stali&bottom of the urdha stali
(R.T.)
Another method
• 1part Hg+4 part S in iron vessel&give mrudwagni
• Resultant mass break into small pieces&fill this in
kachakupi
• Put in valuka yantra&give mrudwagni for 1 day
• Then increase heat in orderly manner for 7 days
• 7th day will get beautiful hingula
(A.P.)

22. Important yogas
• Amruthamanjari rasa Anandabhairava rasa
• Kamagnisandeepana rasa Kshethrapala rasa
• Jwaradumaketu rasa Jwara murari rasa
• Mruta sanjeevana rasa Mrutyunjaya rasa
• Sree siddha daradamrutam(R.T.) Hinguleswara rasa
• Hinguliya manikya rasa(R.T) Sreesiddhahinguleswara
rasa(R.T.)
• Daradamrutha malahara Darada vati
• Hinguladya malahara Hingulamruta malahara

23. Mineralogical identification-
Cinnabar
•Crystallisation Hexagonal,trigonal.
•Habit Small rhombohedral crystals
•Colour Bright red to brownish red
•Lustre Adamantine
•Streak Scarlet
•Diapheniety trasparent to opaque
•Cleavage prismatic to perfect

24. Contd…
• Fracture Sub concoidal to uneven
• Elasticity Imperfectly sectile
• Hardness 2
• Gravity 8.1
• Fusibility 1.5
• Cinnabar is formed from hydrothermal solutions at
relatively low temperature & is found in veins &
impregations in areas of hot springs of volcanic activity