This document provides information on Shilajatu, including:
1) It introduces Shilajatu as the 5th mineral drug in the Maharasa group and discusses its various names in Sanskrit, Hindi, English and Latin.
2) It describes the sources, classification, occurrence, mineralogical identification and composition of Shilajatu.
3) It discusses the history, types, properties and grahya swarupa (identifying features) of Shilajatu according to ancient Ayurvedic texts.
4) It explains that Shilajatu needs shodhana (purification) before use to avoid side effects, and provides details on the shod
This is the second part of presentation regarding definitions in Rasa shastra. An attempt is made to clarify the definitions in more clear way also useful images are added to further improvise the presentation.
the concept of virya gives the knowledge of potency of drugs it is well explained by Virya. the action of the drugs depends on the potency presents in it.
• Rasashastra deals with metallic, mineral and poisonous drugs.
• These drugs are pharmaceutically processed and rendered fit for internal administration.
• For the various processing of rasa uparasadi dhatus and for the preparation of medicines, specific apparatuses called ‘Yantras’ are needed.
• Metals and minerals are required to undergo certain processes like shodhana, jarana, marana, satwapatana etc before they could be administered into the body and all these processes could only be achieved with the help of yantras.
• For exploring and utilizing the knowledge of Rasasastra, a better understanding of yantras is needed.
• Textbooks of Ayurvediya Rasasastra including Rasatarangini, Rasaratna samuchaya, Rasarnavam and Rasendra Choodamani have been the sources of literature along with other published works on Rasasastra.
This is the second part of presentation regarding definitions in Rasa shastra. An attempt is made to clarify the definitions in more clear way also useful images are added to further improvise the presentation.
the concept of virya gives the knowledge of potency of drugs it is well explained by Virya. the action of the drugs depends on the potency presents in it.
• Rasashastra deals with metallic, mineral and poisonous drugs.
• These drugs are pharmaceutically processed and rendered fit for internal administration.
• For the various processing of rasa uparasadi dhatus and for the preparation of medicines, specific apparatuses called ‘Yantras’ are needed.
• Metals and minerals are required to undergo certain processes like shodhana, jarana, marana, satwapatana etc before they could be administered into the body and all these processes could only be achieved with the help of yantras.
• For exploring and utilizing the knowledge of Rasasastra, a better understanding of yantras is needed.
• Textbooks of Ayurvediya Rasasastra including Rasatarangini, Rasaratna samuchaya, Rasarnavam and Rasendra Choodamani have been the sources of literature along with other published works on Rasasastra.
Aushada is one which can be taken in disease, in alpha matra, even in severe condition, many doshas involved. Taken in specific disease, aushada which is of good quality, in proper dose should destroy it, without any complications.
Dr. Ajith The famous Integrative dermatology practitioner. And all the ppt which i have updated is prepared by myself and if you find out the same in anywhere else, inform us and its 100% copied from my profile.
yantropakaranaani 1
. Choose and record contemporary machines used in Ayurvedic
drug preparation
. Discuss the pharmaceutical use of Distillation apparatus, Ball
Mill, Pulveriser, End Runner, Edge Runner, Tablet compression machine, Capsule filling machine, Pouch filling machine, Liquid filling machine in Ayurvediya Aushadhi Nirmana
. Enlist categorical information about the following Yantras in the charts- Ulukhal Yantra, Patan Yantra, Jarana Yantra, Patala
Yantra and Swedana Yantra.
. Enlist Ayurvediya aushadhi kalpana and equipments/yantras/
machines used for preparation of each kalpana.
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Olfactory Genes:
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Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
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Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
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Primary Sensations of Smell:
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Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
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Shilajatu.pptx
1. SHILAJATU
(BLACK BITUMEN ; ASPHALTUM PUNJABINUM)
Dr.Saranya Sasi
Assistant Professor
PG Department of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka
2. INTRODUCTION
5th mineral drug in maharasa group
Shilla – rock/mountain ; jatu – laaksha(kind of resin) that trickles
down from the Himalayan mountain regions during summer
Shilajatu – one which conquers the mountains
Also called as black bitumen & Asphaltum punjabinum (Sticky
,black, highly viscous liquid etc)
7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 2
3. VERNACULAR NAMES
7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 3
Sanskrit : Shilajatu, shaileya, shilaja, shilasweda, shilaniryasa,
girija,ashmaja, adrija, ashmalaksha, gaireya
Hindi : Shilajatu
English : Mineral pitch or Black bitumen
Latin : Asphaltum punjabianum
4. SOURCES
7/7/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.Of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 4
सूर्यसन्तापसन्तप्ता: शिला: िैलाशिपस्र् र्द् ।
गाढं मुञ्चशन्त शिर्ायसं तशछिलाजतु कीशतयतम् ॥
िैलाशिपशिलासारो शिगयतो रशितापत: ।
िुष्क: सन्मूतयतां र्ात: शिलाजतु शिगध्र्ते ॥ (RT 22/62-63)
Shilajatu is the exudation caused by the intense heat during summer
from the rocks in the towering of cliffs or hills of Himalaya etc.
5. 7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 5
CLASSIFICATION
RRS includes under maharasa
RT under Misraloha
Ayurveda prakasha under upadhatu
The exact source of origin of shilajatu is still under controversy
6. 7/7/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.Of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 6
OCCURRENCE
Obtained from high mountain rocks, especially in the Himalayan
mountains between India and Nepal at altitudes of 1000 – 2000 mtrs
During summer month shilajatu is oozing out & melted from high
peaks of rock due to geothermal pressures
It has been found in Russia, Tibet, Afghanistan & now in north of
chile , named as Andean shilajatu
7. 7/7/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.Of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 7
MINERALOGICAL IDENTIFICATION
Identified as : Black bitumen
Latin Name : Asphaltum punjabinum
Category : Mineral
Colour : Black
Odour : Pungent like cows urine
Specific gravity : 1.01 to 1.03
Solubility : slowly dissolve in water but insoluble in alcohol, ether, and
chloroform
8. 7/7/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.Of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 8
COMPOSITION
• Mainly contain plant source organic complex mineral & trace
elements
• The main active component is fulvic acid – strongest natural
electrolyte
9. 7/7/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.Of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 9
HISTORY
• Reference about shilajatu can be traced back to Samhita period
• Its usage found in all 3 brihattrayi
• Special mention can be traced in the treatment of prameha roga
• Charaka mentioned 4 types of shilajatu. Where , Susruta mentioned
6 types
10. 7/7/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.Of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 10
SYNONYMS
शिलाजतु च िैलेर्ं शिलाजं िैलिातुजम् ।
शिलामर्: शिलास्िेद: शिलाशिर्ायस इत्र्शप ॥
अश्मजं त्िश्मजतुकं शगररजं त्िशिजं तथा।
अश्मोत्थमश्मलाक्षा च गैरेर्ञ्च मतन्तु तत् ॥ (RT 22/60-61)
11. 11
TYPES
1. Acc. to Origin (Satva)
2. Acc. to appearance
3. Acc. to process
Acc.to Origin
o हेम्िश्च रजतात्ताम्रद्वारं कृष्णार्सादशप । (च.शच 1/3/49)
Swarna Rajata Tamra Loha
12. 7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 12
o सैिणं राजतं ताम्रं लौहञ्चेशत शिभेदत: ।
शिलाजतु समाख्र्ातं शभषशभभस्तु चतुशियिम् ॥ (र.त 22/64)
Swarna Rajata Tamra Loha Naga Vanga
o शिलाजतु शद्विा ज्ञेर्ं तत्राध्र्ां शगररसंभिम् ।
शद्वतीर्ं स्र्ादूषरार्ां मृशत्तकांजलर्ोगत: ॥ (RJN Vol 2 Chap 1 Pg 75)
Girisambhava – Originated from hills
Usharakhya – Deposited on the surface of kshara mrittika
14. 7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 14
स्िणयगभयशगरेजायतो जपपुष्पशिभो गुरु: ।
रौप्र्गभयशगरेजायतं मिुरं पाण्डुरं गुरु ॥
ताम्रगभयशगरेजायतं िीलिणं घिं गुरु ॥ (RRS 2/111-113)
PROPERTIES
15. 7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 15
Swarnaadrija : Originates from mountain rich in gold mineral,
Redddish like Japa pushpa , haeavy
Rajataadrija : Originates from mountain rich in Silver mineral
Mandura, Pandu varna , heavy
Taamraadrija : Originates from mountain rich in copper mineral
bluish in colour, hard and heavy
17. 7/7/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.Of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 17
GRAAHYA SWAROOPA
पाण्डुरं शसक्ताकारं कपूयराध्र्ं शिलाजतु । (RRS 2/123)
Karpura shilajatu is yellowish white in colour and in sand shape
जत्िाभ मृदुमृत्स्न्िाभं र्न्मलं तशछिलाजतु ॥ (RJN Vol 2 Chap 1 Pg 61)
Shilajatu is soft as mud and looks like resin
18. 7/7/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.Of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 18
GRAAHYA SHILAJATU – CONFIRMATORY TEST
िह्ने शक्षप्तं भिेध्र्त्तशललङ्गाकारमिूमकम् ।
सशललेऽप्र्शिलीिं (अशप अशिलीिं) च तछिुद्धं शह शिलाजतु ॥ (RRS 2/114)
• Burns with an elongated appearance resembling a linga
• Does not produce any fumes on flame
• Shilajatu kept in water, yield spreading streaks
• Has a strong odour of gomutra
• Will dissolve in water (slowly)
19. 7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 19
तृणाध्र्भिे कृतं सियमिो गलशत तन्तुित् ॥ (RJN Vol 2 Chap 1 pg64)
When it drops into water, it disperses into fine strains and slowly set
to the bottom
20. 7/7/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.Of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 20
SHODHANA NECESSITY
अिुद्धं दाहमूछिायर्भ्रमशपत्तास्रिोषकृत् ।
शिलाजतु शिित्ते शह मान्ध्र्मभिेश्च शिड्रहम् ॥ (Ayu.Pra 4/105)
Administration of ashudha shilajatu will cause
• Daha (Burning sensation)
• Murcha ( Loss of consciousness)
• Bhrama(Giddiness)
• Raktapitta
• Sosha (Kshaya)
• Agnimandya
21. 7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 21
SHODHANA
क्षाराम्लगोजलैिैतं िुद्ध्र्त्र्ेि शिलाजतु ॥
शिलािातुं च दुभिेि शत्रफलामाकय िििे: ।
लोहपात्रे शिशिशक्षप्र् िोिर्ेदशत र्त्ित: ॥ (RRS 2/117)
• Thorough washing of shilajatu in any of kshara dravya, amla
dravya, or gomutra
• Washing with godugdha, triphala Kashaya or bringaraja swarasa
22. 7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 22
• Summer season with no clouds & no strong winds, shilajatu
shodhana should taken up
• More than 1 bigger sized wide mouthed vessel are taken
• 1 vessel 1 P ashudha shilajatu churna
• Added with 2 parts of hot water + ½ p triphala Kashaya
• Mixture is stirred to dissolve the shilajatu
• Placed under hot sun for 1 yama (3 hrs)
• Mixture is mascerated well under sun & filtered into 2nd vessel
23. 7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 23
• 2nd vessel containing black solution of shilajatu is placed under
hot sun
• Blackish creamy layer surface over the liquid, is carefully
skimmed off into 3rd vessel containing hot water
• Creamy layer in 3rd vessel, again skimmed off into 4th vessel
containing hot water
• Process is continue still the water in the vessel is remains
colorless
24. 7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 24
• The surfaced blackish layer of shilajatu is skimmed off into a
clean stainless steel tray
• Placed under hot sun & dried
25. 7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 25
TRIPHALA KASHAYA FOR SHODHANA
शिलाजतु समं क्िाथ: जलमष्टगुणं तत: ।
पादांििेशषत: क्िाथ शिलामर्शििुद्धर्े ॥ (RT 22/79)
26. 7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 26
• Triphala (equal to shilajatu) + water (8 P) reduce to ¼th quantity
filter
• Triphala Kashaya may be replaced with fresh gomutra (RT 22/80) or
bhringaraja swarasa (RT 22/81) & same purification method may be
followed
• Shudha shilajatu may be subjected to bhavana with Kashaya or swarasa of
drugs from vatahara, pittahara & kaphahara gana to attains special potency
to mitigate doshas
27. 7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 27
• Final filtrate during shilajatu shodhana is taken in wide steel
trays
• Placed under hot sun daily and dried
SURYATAAPI SHILAJATU
AGNITAAPI SHILAJATU
• Final filtrate is placed over mild fire, boiled and reduced to a
thicker consistency & used as agnitaapi
34. 7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 34
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS
• Arogyavardhini rasa
• Chandraprabha vati
• Yogaraja rasa
• Shilajatu rasayana
• Shilajatwadi louha
• Shilajatwadi vati
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• Rasaratnasamuchaya includes Shilajatu under Maharasa,
Rasatarangini includes under Misraloha and Ayurveda Prakasha
under Upadhatu.
• The exact source of the origin of Shilajatu is still under
controversy.
CONTROVERSIES
36. 7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 36
• According to Charaka samhita, mountain rocks, which are
abundant in metallic elements like Gold, Silver, Copper and Iron
are heated up in greeshma rutu, then the lac like exudate, which is
soft like clay oozes out and gets dried up by sunrays and is
collected as Shilajatu.
• Based on the metallic composition of the rock from which the
Shilajatu is obtained, it can be of different types as given in the
following table
38. 7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 38
• Now a day’s, only loha Shilajatu is available and it is having the
similar colour as mentioned in grahya lakshana of Shilajatu.
• Many researchers claim that Shilajatu exuding from the rocks of
mountains is basically derived from vegetative source.
• According to Susrutha Samhita, in the months of sukra -suchi
(May-June) the sap or juice of plants comes out as gummy
exudation from the rocks of mountains due to strong heat of sun.
• Shilajatu is the latex of Asphaltum punjabinum tree.
39. 7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 39
There are several hypotheses regarding the origin of Shilajatu:
• Some researchers opines that Euphorbia royleana Boiss plants are
responsible for origin of Shilajatu, because this plant has very rich
latex.
• The chemical analysis of Shilajatu by researchers at Banaras
Hindu University in India revealed that humification of some
resin/latex bearing plants is the most likely source of Shilajatu.
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• The composition of Shilajatu is influenced by factors such as the
plant-species involved, the geological nature of the rock, local
temperature profiles, humidity and altitude.
• In the present times, Black Bitumen is taken as Gomootragandhi
Shilajatu and Potassium Nitrate as Karpura Shilajatu.
41. 7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 41
• Shilajatu is considered as Mineral bitumen. Bitumen is a sticky,
black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum.
• The grahya lakshanas explained in classics can be seen in Bitumen
also.
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PREVIOUSLY ASKED QUESTIONS(RGUHS)
Long Essays
1.Explain the origin, varieties, tests, shodhana, therapeutic usage and
dose of shilajatu
Short Essays
1.Source, grahya lakshana, shodhana & uses of shilajatu
2.Shilajatu shodhana
46. 7/12/2022 Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu) Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 46
3. Controversy of shilajatu
4. Write on shilajatu
Short Answers
1. Four uses of shilajatu
2. Identification test of shilajatu
3. Methods of shilajatu shodhana
4. Varities of shilajatu