MRUDDARASRINGA is considered a sadharanarasas in Ayurveda and refers to litharge (PbO), a yellow lead oxide mineral. It is used externally in Ayurvedic practice and internally in Siddha medicine. It has a yellow color, crystalline or massive form, is heavy and rough to the touch. It is toxic if ingested or inhaled and can irritate the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Traditional bone setters make an ointment with litharge and apply it with bandages to fractures.

1. MRUDDARASRINGA

4. Introduction
 It is one of the sadharanarasas.
 In modernpoint of view it is considered as Litharge(PbO), the
yellow coloured natural mineral form of lead oxide.
 In Ayurvedic practice this is used as such for external application
only
 The Siddha system of medicine advocates its internal usage along
with certain sublimate-compounds.
 Traditional bone setters make unguentum with litharge&apply
bandage on the fractures.It iis toxic if swallowed or inhaled and
causes irritation to skin, eyes and respiratory tract.

5. History
 No discription till 8th cen.A.D
 Clear description from 13th cen A.D onwards.
 But its therapeutic use is very less.
Occurence

6. Vernacular Names
 San:-mruddarasrnga
 Hin:-mudrasankha
 Telug:-mudarusingu
 Tamil:-mudaru-sirungi
 Eng:-litharge
 Latin:-Plumbum oxide/lead oxide(PbO)

7. Synonyms
o Mrddharasrnga vodaarasringakam
o Mudrasrnga Mudrasankha
o Sisa sattva Sisa garbha
मृद्दरश्रृङ्ग्कञ्चैव मतं वोदारश्रृङ्गगकम्।
मुदााशङ्गखं तथा मुद्रशङ्गखकञ्च निगद्यते॥
(र.त.२१/१६५)

8. Varieties
 According to source
1.natural/ khanija
2.artificial/krithrima
 According to colour ( Ayurveda prakasha)
1.pita(grahya)
2.pandura

9. • According to form
1.sadala(with layers)-pita-khanija
2.nirdala(without layers)-pandura-krithrima

10. बोदारश्रृङ्गगकं प्रोक्तं द्ववववधं पीतपाण्डुरम्।
सदलं निदालं तस्य जनिगुजारमण्डले॥
अबुादाख्यगगरे: पार्श्वे सीससत्वं स्मृतं परम्। (अ.प्र.२/३४३-३४४)
मृद्दरश्रृङ्गगं पीताभं सदलं निदालं तथा।
सीसागभं खरस्पशं गुरुचैव प्रकीनतातम्॥
( र.त.२१/१६६)

11. Svarupa
मृद्दरश्रृङ्गगं पीताभं सदलं निदालं तथा।
सीसागभं खरस्पशं गुरुचैव प्रकीनतातम्॥
( र.त.२१/१६६)
yellow in colour
crystalline/massive
with/without layers
rough on touch
heavy in weight

12. Sodhana
Samanya sodhana
 Bhavana in madulunga rasa/ardraka rasa for 3 times
Visesha sodhana( R.T)
Includes following steps
 Pound well&stony part is discarded
 Made into fine powder
 Sieved
 Groubd with water for 15 days
 Dried

13. मृद्दरश्रृङ्गगमािीय कु ट्टयेत ् खल्वमध्यगम्।
प्रस्तरांशं पररत्यज्य पेषयेदनतयत्ित:॥
वस्रपूतं तत: कृ त्वा पुि: सुववमलाम्भसा।
पेषयेत्पक्षमेकं तु ततो घमे ववशोषयेत ्॥
मृद्दारश्रृङ्गगकं काममेतद्ववगधववशोगधतम्।
क्षतेऽवचूण्िााद्यथं युञ्जीत भभषजां वर:॥
(र.त २१/१६७-१६९)

14. Satva patana
 Common procedure is followed
Mixed with ¼ part tankana
Triturate with lemon juice
Made into ballus&heated will yield its satva(lead)

15. Properties
 “सीससत्त्वंगुरुर्श्लेष्मशमिंपुंगदापहम्।
रसबन्धिमुत्कृ ष्टंके शरञ्जिमुत्तमम्।।
sita virya
kapha-vatapaha R.T.
bhagnasandhanajanana
tvakdoshasamana

16. मृद्दारश्रृङ्गगं भशभशरं परं वातकफापहम्।
फफरङ्गगवृणहृत ् के र्श्यं वृणरोपण्मुत्तमं॥
भ्िसन्धािजििं पामाकण्डूनतकाददिुत ्।
सङ्गकोचकं ववशेषेण त्वक्दोषशमिं मतम्॥
र.त.(२१/१७०-१७१)

17.  Dose—not mentioned
Important yogas
 Mruddharasrngadyamalahara
 Mruddharasrnga curna
Amayika prayoga
1pala mruddharasrnga+1tola tamkanamla—for
avachurnana in phiranga vruna

18. Litharge
 Yellow oxide of lead found in 2 varieties in nature —
1.yellow powder known as messicot
2.buff coloured crystalline variety known as
litharge(which means silver stone)
 Messicot converts into litharge when it is heated,it
melts&molten mass on cooling solidify giving the
lemon coloured crystalline variety called litharge.
 Infact,litharge is available as a lustrous,reddish
yellow coloured mass.
 Yellow clour becomes more shining if it is heated
with NH4Cl

19. Mineralogical identification
Nature- Amorphous
Colour- Yellow - red.
Habit- Crystallized in
fine scales.
Odour- Odourless
M.P- 888*c
B.P- 1470c
Sp.Gravity- 9.53

20. Solubility-Insoluble in water
& alcohol but soluble in acetic
acid & nitric acid.
pH-Strong base.

21. TOXIC EFFECTS
 This results from fixation of lead in certain
tissues such as brain(lead
encephalopathy)&peripheral nervous system.
 Lead may obtain access to the body by
inhalation,ingestion,or absorption through skin
or mucous membranes.
 Litharge is one of the principal salt of lead
which produce toxic effects.
 Acute poisoning is rare.usually occurs
accidentally

22. Contd…
 It may occur in children from eating paint on
cribs, beds,toys etc.
 Subacute or chronic lead poisoning may be
caused by the contamination of food/drink
 Apart from industrial poisoning,accidental
chronic poisoning has occurred from the use
of lead monoxide as a remedy for sphilis by
quacks.
 The primary effect of the lead is to cause
spasm of the cappilaries&arterioles