The document discusses Kupipakwa rasayan, a unique Ayurvedic preparation. It begins by providing historical context for the development of rasashastra as a branch of Ayurveda. It then defines key terms like kajjali, jarana, and murcchana used in the Kupipakwa process. The document outlines the typical materials, steps, and observations involved in the preparation method. These include using a kupi vessel placed in a valuka yantra and applying different levels of heat. The summary concludes that Kupipakwa rasayan formulations are effective treatments due to the high heat applied making drugs easily absorbable.
Sandhāna Kalpana is an Alcoholic or Acidic Medicinal preparations of Ayurvedic Pharmaceuticals, It involves the process of fermentation where the 'dravadravya' (kwātha, swarasa or liquid preparation), 'madhura dravya' (jaggery, honey or sugar), 'praksepa dravya' (fine powders of medicinal drugs) and 'sandhäna dravya' (dhātaki puspa, madhuka puspa as fermentation initiators) are put together in an inert vessel (mud pot) and sealed for a specified time period to facilitate the process of fermentation Madhya (Alcoholic) and Shukti (Acedic) are the two basic types of this process
Rasa shastra is a most important and popular branch of Ayurveda It deals with the knowledge related to alchemy( Lohavedh) and Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics specially connected to the drugs of mineral origin with a view to remove poverty from the world and to strengthen the body and also to prevent their ageing process. History of Rasa Shastra can be traced in pre vedic period where metals are successfully employed in treatment of various diseases. Its development was rapid after Lord Buddha and the influence of the philosophy of Ahimsa. This was the era when Rasa Shastra flourished tremendously. It was recognized as a medical science with an independent philosophical background in 14th century, by Madhavacharya in his book Sarva Darsana Samgraha. Considering the importance of this discipline in Ayurvedic therapeutics and the fact that there is dearth of comprehensive review on the subject an attempt has been made in this review to provide a brief but all encompassing coverage of different aspects related to it. Dr. Gajendra Kumar Sahu | Dr. Kavita | Dr. S.M.Parhate | K. S Karbhal"Chronological Development of Rasa Shastra" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15761.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/literature/15761/chronological-development-of-rasa-shastra/dr-gajendra-kumar-sahu
Sandhāna Kalpana is an Alcoholic or Acidic Medicinal preparations of Ayurvedic Pharmaceuticals, It involves the process of fermentation where the 'dravadravya' (kwātha, swarasa or liquid preparation), 'madhura dravya' (jaggery, honey or sugar), 'praksepa dravya' (fine powders of medicinal drugs) and 'sandhäna dravya' (dhātaki puspa, madhuka puspa as fermentation initiators) are put together in an inert vessel (mud pot) and sealed for a specified time period to facilitate the process of fermentation Madhya (Alcoholic) and Shukti (Acedic) are the two basic types of this process
Rasa shastra is a most important and popular branch of Ayurveda It deals with the knowledge related to alchemy( Lohavedh) and Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics specially connected to the drugs of mineral origin with a view to remove poverty from the world and to strengthen the body and also to prevent their ageing process. History of Rasa Shastra can be traced in pre vedic period where metals are successfully employed in treatment of various diseases. Its development was rapid after Lord Buddha and the influence of the philosophy of Ahimsa. This was the era when Rasa Shastra flourished tremendously. It was recognized as a medical science with an independent philosophical background in 14th century, by Madhavacharya in his book Sarva Darsana Samgraha. Considering the importance of this discipline in Ayurvedic therapeutics and the fact that there is dearth of comprehensive review on the subject an attempt has been made in this review to provide a brief but all encompassing coverage of different aspects related to it. Dr. Gajendra Kumar Sahu | Dr. Kavita | Dr. S.M.Parhate | K. S Karbhal"Chronological Development of Rasa Shastra" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15761.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/literature/15761/chronological-development-of-rasa-shastra/dr-gajendra-kumar-sahu
'Bandha' literally means bonding. In Rasasastra , the science of metals and minerals , a special phenomenon , known as Bandha is explained in the context of Parada( Mercury). Mercury is considered as the supreme drug , which can cure any disease. But the inclusion of mercury in a required medicine is a tedious task, because of its instability as a solid form, its heat intolerance etc. To convert mercury into a suitable dosage form , it is necessary to stabilize the same with other suitable drugs ( Herbs/ Metals/ Minerals etc) with or without the aid of heat. Thus stabilized Mercury can assure a tremendous therapeutic effect and offer better health.
In Rasashastra sindoor kalpana is third class of mercurial operations , called beacause the final product obtained is red in colour. also called kupipakwa rasayana kalpana. It is prepared using valuka yantra or vertical electric muffle furnace.parada ( mercury) as the one of the ingredient of sindoor kalpana
Rasashastra is a branch of Ayurveda in which medicines of mineral origin are manufactured & used in various diseases.
Rasashastra medicines are classified Based on method of preparation.
Sandhana kalpana is the preparation of self generated alcohol. All the preparations that are resulting from FERMENTATION procedure come under SANDHANA KALPANA.
Sandhana kalpana is a special technique to prepare most effective medicines like Asava and Aristas. The medicines prepared through Sandhana kriya are quick in action, long shelf life, palatability and has nutritive value.The self-generated alcohol is the key factor behind the success of Sandhana kalpana.
Rajata (silver) is one among shuddha dhatus in Ayurveda.
rajata bhasma is indicated in various diseases conditions like infertility, nervous system related.
Aushada is one which can be taken in disease, in alpha matra, even in severe condition, many doshas involved. Taken in specific disease, aushada which is of good quality, in proper dose should destroy it, without any complications.
Rasa ratna samuchchaya have dedicated a separate chapter for rasashala which can be corelated to GMP in present era.
It is important to keep in mind that all of these texts were written between the first and the sixteenth centuries. Hence everything is ideally provided in such a description, including the choice of location, water and light facilities, raw material availability, air ventilation, etc. Not only that, but careful consideration is also given to precise and well-considered instructions about staffing levels, financial requirements, and security in various departments in rasashala.
Rasamandap in present era mimics the R&D sector. Just as Rasamandap is designated as a confidential and sterile space, the R&D sector similarly emphasizes the importance of maintaining confidentiality in drug development or research works conducted and also aseptic conditions has to be maintained in that sector.
'Bandha' literally means bonding. In Rasasastra , the science of metals and minerals , a special phenomenon , known as Bandha is explained in the context of Parada( Mercury). Mercury is considered as the supreme drug , which can cure any disease. But the inclusion of mercury in a required medicine is a tedious task, because of its instability as a solid form, its heat intolerance etc. To convert mercury into a suitable dosage form , it is necessary to stabilize the same with other suitable drugs ( Herbs/ Metals/ Minerals etc) with or without the aid of heat. Thus stabilized Mercury can assure a tremendous therapeutic effect and offer better health.
In Rasashastra sindoor kalpana is third class of mercurial operations , called beacause the final product obtained is red in colour. also called kupipakwa rasayana kalpana. It is prepared using valuka yantra or vertical electric muffle furnace.parada ( mercury) as the one of the ingredient of sindoor kalpana
Rasashastra is a branch of Ayurveda in which medicines of mineral origin are manufactured & used in various diseases.
Rasashastra medicines are classified Based on method of preparation.
Sandhana kalpana is the preparation of self generated alcohol. All the preparations that are resulting from FERMENTATION procedure come under SANDHANA KALPANA.
Sandhana kalpana is a special technique to prepare most effective medicines like Asava and Aristas. The medicines prepared through Sandhana kriya are quick in action, long shelf life, palatability and has nutritive value.The self-generated alcohol is the key factor behind the success of Sandhana kalpana.
Rajata (silver) is one among shuddha dhatus in Ayurveda.
rajata bhasma is indicated in various diseases conditions like infertility, nervous system related.
Aushada is one which can be taken in disease, in alpha matra, even in severe condition, many doshas involved. Taken in specific disease, aushada which is of good quality, in proper dose should destroy it, without any complications.
Rasa ratna samuchchaya have dedicated a separate chapter for rasashala which can be corelated to GMP in present era.
It is important to keep in mind that all of these texts were written between the first and the sixteenth centuries. Hence everything is ideally provided in such a description, including the choice of location, water and light facilities, raw material availability, air ventilation, etc. Not only that, but careful consideration is also given to precise and well-considered instructions about staffing levels, financial requirements, and security in various departments in rasashala.
Rasamandap in present era mimics the R&D sector. Just as Rasamandap is designated as a confidential and sterile space, the R&D sector similarly emphasizes the importance of maintaining confidentiality in drug development or research works conducted and also aseptic conditions has to be maintained in that sector.
The present presentation tells the clear knowledge about the Paribhasa Prakaran mentioned in the text of Rasa ratna sammuchya for the rasa Shashtra scholars to go further deep into the rasa karma to attain deh vaad and lauha vaad from rasa
Haratala shodhana - purification of OrpimentShrilata AP
Arsenic is considered as highly toxic. 125- 250 mg of Arsenic is lethal to humans. Exposure to inorganic arsenic can cause irritation of stomach and intestine, decreased production of RBC and WBC, skin changes, lung irritations, skin lung liver lymphatic cancers, infertility miscarriages in women, heart brain even DNA damage.
Therefore proper SHODHANA (purification) of haratala is very important before its usage.
Standardising Manufacturing Process of Swarnamakshika Bhasmaijtsrd
Rasashastra, Indian Alchemy involves various processes of transformation to make metals and minerals more assimilable in the body. A careful survey of original texts on Rasashastra shows that subject covers the entire field of inorganic pharmaceutical preparation like metallic, non metallic and organo metallic compounds of Ayurvedic Material Media. Shodhana, Marana, Amruthikarana etc. of the substance are done with some special processes and thereafter can be used therapeutically. Swarnamakshika is one of the Maharasa Varga Dravya which is said as Rasendra Prana. It acts as Rasayana and Vrishya and has importance in both Lohavada and Dehavada. In the present study, raw Swarnamakshika is subjected to Shodhana with Saindhava lavana and Nimbu Swarasa using Bharjana process. Marana of Swarnamakshika is carried out with Gandhaka as Maraka Dravya and subjecting to Varaha puta. Standard Operating Procedure SOP aim to achieve efficiency, quality output and uniformity of performance. In the present study, Swarnamakshika Bhasma was prepared and analysed using various physical parameters and modern analytical instruments like XRD, FTIR, SEM EDS, N.P.S.T. and Particle size analyser. Dr. Prajna Hegde | Dr. Ravi Chavan "Standardising Manufacturing Process of Swarnamakshika Bhasma" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59927.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/59927/standardising-manufacturing-process-of-swarnamakshika-bhasma/dr-prajna-hegde
Rasashastra can be described as ayurvedic pharmaceutics, which deals with the drugs of mineral origin, their varieties, characteristics, processing techniques, properties and their therapeutic uses
Rasa sastra is one of the important branch of Ayurveda which deals with mineral and
herbomineral pharmaceutical preparations like kharliya rasayana, parpati rasayana,
kupipakva rasayana and pottali rasayana. Pottali rasayana is one among rasa aushadhi
which is very effective and also known as emergency medicine. Pottali rasayana prepared
by different method. Here we prepare with gandhak drava swedana method. The process of
pottali kalpana is very unique, and from other dosage forms it has qualities like small dose,
very high potency, easy to handle, and maximum shelf life. In Hemagarbha pottali rasa main
drugs are suddha parad, suddha gandhak, tamra bhasma and swarna bhasma which gives
compact form by bhavna with kumari swarwsa. In this article we attempted to described
different methods of preparation and regarding pharmaceutical process of Hemagarbha pottali rasa in detail & Clinical Aspects .
The Sanskrit word "Parpati" denotes a thin flake like preparation.
"Parpati" indicates a preparation which is thin, brittle and has a shape of thin Paapad.
Rasendra Mangal in 8th century by Acharya Nagarjun has mentioned use of Parpati in Kushtha Roga Later in 11th century Acharya Chakrapani Dutt in Chakradutt mentioned its use in Grahani Roga
PREPARATION OF AYURVEDA DRUGS ACCORDING TO PANCHABHAUTIK CHIKITSAaniruddha kulkarni
IN THIS PRESENTATION, AN EFFORT HAS BEEN MADE TO PUT FORTH THE WORK OF LATE VAIDYARAJ ATMARAM WAMAN DATARSHASTRI OF SANGLI, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA, IN THE FIELD OF DRUG PREPARATIONS. HE HAS EXTENSIVELY WORKED IN EXPERIMENTS TO STANDARDISE THE PROCESSES OF DRUG PREPARATIONS WHICH ARE CONCULSIVELY USEFUL IN ACTUAL MEDICAL THERAPEUTICS.
Similar to Kupipakwa Rasayan by Mohd Ehsan B.Pharm (Ayurveda) Student (20)
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
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Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
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2. Introduction
Through the history of the branch of
rasashastra, it can be known that it
developed as a special branch when
morbidity and mortality were on the rise.
With its advent ,came new metal, mineral
and herbo-mineral combination ,
formulations and procedures. Kupipakwa
was one such procedure developed mainly
for gandhi jarana.
3. Cont…
• Kupi was one such apparatus. During such
procedures, more developments were done and
kupipakwa rasayana emerged to be one of the
best rasaausadhis (mercurial preparations ).
these are also called sindoor kalpa as their final
product is red in color [1].
4. Definition
• Kajjli: shudha parad and shudha gandhak are triturated together
vigorously to obtain a soft, black coloured powder , free from any
glittery particles known as kajjali.
• Jarana: gandhak jarana is a process in which gandhak is heated in
different proportions with parad (mercury) in some specially designed
apparatus.
• Murcchana: murcchana is a process in which shudha parad with or
without gandhak, mainly used as preservative or curative therapy.
5. Continued….
• Kupi: glass bottle coated with seven layers of mud
smeared cloth strips.
• Valuka yantra: earthern pot filled with sand at the
center of which the kupi is immersed for heating .
• Kupipakwa rasayana: the rasayana or formulation
prepared using kupi and valuka yantra [2].
6. History of
kupipakwa rasayan
• 9th century A.D. – Gandhak jarana for the first time
mentioned in rasa hridaya tantra , further developed as
kupipakwa rasayana .
• 13th century A.D. – Information of rasa sindoor kalpana, a
kupipakwa rasayana is for the first time available as
Udayabhaskara rasa in Rasa Prakash Sudhakar (R P S
3/10-14) by Shri Yashodara bhatta. He used kupi and
valuka yantra in the preparation.
• 15th century A.D. – Shri Anantadev Soori mentions the
same as rasaparthiva rasa in Rasa Chintamani done.
7. Type of kupipakwa rasayan
are based on
1-The inclusion of
Gandhak in the ingredients
2-Site of obtaining the
final product
8. 1-The inclusion of gandhak in the
ingredients
I. Sagandha:
Parad + gandhak, example - Rasasindoor [3].
Parad + gandhak + metal, example - Tamrasindoor,
rajatsindoor.
Parad + gandhak + mineral, examle - Talasindoor,
shilasindoor.
II. Nirgandha: prepared without gandhak ,
example - Rasakarpura,rasapushpa.
9. 2-Site of obtaining the final product
Kanthastha
Talastha
Ubhyastha
• The finished product is
deposited at the neck of the
Kupi , e.g. Rasasindoor, Rasa
Karpoor.
• The product is obtained from
the bottom of the Kupi, e.g.
Sameera pannaga Rasa,
Swarna vanga
• Final product obtained from
both the sites of Kupi, e.g.
Purnachandrodaya, Hinguliya
Manika Rasa [4].
10. Materials and method of preparation
• Materials
Kupi
Valuk ynatra
Burner/ furnace
Khalva yantra
Shalaka (iron rod)
Copper coin or plate
Cork or sealing material
12. Procedure
Paschat Karma (Post heating phase)
Pradhan Karma (Heating phase)
Poorva Karma (Pre heating phase)
Procedure is divided into three phases-
13. Poorva karma
(pre heating phase)
Collection of equipment.
Shodhan of ingredients according
to the specified classical methods.
Preparation of kajjali
Preparation of kupi.
Filling of kupi in the valuka yantra
[5].
14. Pradhan karma(heating phase),
it consists three stages
Mridu Agni
• This is the stage where Kajjali and sulphur fumes are emitted.
• The temperature at this stage ranges between 150°C -250°C.
Madhyam
Agni
• This starts from melting of Gandhak followed by profuse fuming.
• The temperature ranges between 350°C-450°C [6].
Tivra Agni
• Fumes stop from Kupi and flame is seen at the mouth of the
bottle.
• At this stage temperature of Kupi ranged between 450°C-650°C.
15. Paschat karma
(post heating phase)
• Removal of bottle- after self-cooling of bottle,
it is gently removed.
• Breaking of bottle- mud smeared cloth is
scrapped off carefully with a knife. A strip of
cotton cloth or a thick thread is soaked in
spirit/kerosene. This is strapped around the
center of the bottle. It is ignited to burn out. A
wet cloth is then wrapped around the hot
surface, which facilitates breaking of the
bottle.
• Collection of product - after breaking the
bottle, the product is removed from the kupi
carefully and stored in an air tight glass
container [7].
16. Rules
Kajjali:
• Trituration should be done without using any liquid, until it
becomes lusterless, if bhavana is mentioned; it is to be done after
kajjali becomes lusterless.
• When metals like suvarna (gold) and roupya (silver) are to be
added then, thin flakes of the metal are made and triturated to
dissolve in parad.
• When metals like naga (lead), vanga (tin) are to be added, they are
melted and mixed with parad to form amalgam and then gandhak is
added to prepare kajjali.
17. Continued…
Kupi:
• The kupi is wrapped with 7 layers of multani clay.
• Each layer is done only after drying of the previous
one.
• The bottle should be filled to 1/3rd of its capacity [8].
Valuka yantra:
• Valuka yantra is filled with sand up to approximately 3
inches
• Kupi is fixed exactly in the centre of valuka yantra.
• Sand is then filled around the kupi up to the neck [9].
18. Continued…
Shalaka sanchalan: iron rod with a wooden handle is kept
heating in the furnace.
• Shita shalaka: this is done to check the stage of kajjali;
at the beginning to see when kajjali starts melting and at
the end to confirm total evaporation of sulphur before
corking.
• Tapta shalaka: this is done to clear the mouth of the kupi
blocked by gandhak particles during fuming.
Copper coin test: this is done before corking to check the
presence of parad in bahirdhoom method.
Corking: fumes should stop completely in antardhoom
method.
19. Observation of fumes and flames
Fumes
• Colour, odor, time of the fumes are noted.
• May be mild, moderate or profuse.
• Color may vary from yellow, orange to
white.
• Odour may be sulphuric or arsenical
according to the ingredients.
20. Continued…
Flame
• Time of appearance of flame, its height, colour, odour
and duration should be noted.
• Flame does not appear in nirgandha preparations [10].
Shalaka sanchalana
• Shita shalaka: particles of ingredients are seen on the
rod at the stage of melting of kajjali.
• Tapta shalaka: material present at the mouth of the kupi
burns with a blue flame on insertion [11].
Copper coin test
• Copper coin placed on the mouth of the bottle exhibits
white spots in the presence of parad.
21. Importance & Conclusion of
Kupipakwa rasayana
Heat given is of very high degree, which makes the formulations laghu,
thereby enabling the drug to penetrate faster and deeper into the tissues.
Thus, they enhance the dhatwagni and jatharagni, which form the basis of
treatment in Ayurveda.
In kupipakva method, mercury with or without sulphur is converted in to a
suitable compound, even without being reduced to ashes [12-14].
Through this process, the potency and efficacy of mercury, increases in
proportion to the amount of sulphur burnt in the jarana process.
The properties like small drug dose, rapid action, desired result, long shelf
life, palatability made kupipakva rasayana to occupy superior position in
ayurvedic therapeutics. Kupipakva rasayana is very much effective in all
vata- kapha predominant diseases.