It explains about the highway alignments and cross-sectional elements of a road as per IRC. Also noted some important numerical values regarding the sectioning elements.
Opened in 1968 as part of the initial 37-kilometer (23 mi) NLEX segment between Quezon City and Guiguinto, Bulacan, it was one of the first projects of the Construction and Development Corporation of the Philippines, now the Philippine National Construction Corporation (PNCC).
An intersection is the area shared by the joining or crossing of two or more roads. Since the main function of an intersection is to enable the road user to make a route choice, it is a point of decision. Hence the problems that are encountered by the motorist while passing through an intersection must be recognized and the design should be in such a way that the driving task is as simple as possible.
An intersection is an at-grade junction where two or more roads or streets meet or cross. Intersections may be classified by number of road segments, traffic controls or lane design. (Wikipedia)
Opened in 1968 as part of the initial 37-kilometer (23 mi) NLEX segment between Quezon City and Guiguinto, Bulacan, it was one of the first projects of the Construction and Development Corporation of the Philippines, now the Philippine National Construction Corporation (PNCC).
An intersection is the area shared by the joining or crossing of two or more roads. Since the main function of an intersection is to enable the road user to make a route choice, it is a point of decision. Hence the problems that are encountered by the motorist while passing through an intersection must be recognized and the design should be in such a way that the driving task is as simple as possible.
An intersection is an at-grade junction where two or more roads or streets meet or cross. Intersections may be classified by number of road segments, traffic controls or lane design. (Wikipedia)
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. Highway Alignments
• alignment - centre line layout of highway
Factors controlling alignments;
i. Obligatory points
ii. Traffic generation
iii. Geometric design
iv. Economics
v. other considerations
3. Obligatory points
• control the alignment
• 2 types; points through which - necessarily pass through
and, should not pass through
• points - should pass through - hillpass, bridge site, intermediate towns etc.
• A hill pass - crossing by - a tunnel, go around the hill, deviate to get a alignment
• A road bridge - to be located at river has less wider, straight, approaches should
not be curved
• towns - attract and generate traffic
• points - should not pass through - conservation elements (lakes, parks etc.), built
up areas, water logged areas etc.
5. 1) Right of way
“permanent land width” over which authority has a right.
width = (carriageway + shoulders + road margins)
2) Carriageway
meant for vehicular traffic moves.
width of CW - single lane without kerb - 3.5m
single lane with kerb - 3.75m
double lane - 7m
double lane with kerb - 7.5m
intermediate CW - 5.5m
(standard width considering for vehicle - 2.44m)
multi lanes can be provided as 3.5m per lanes.
6. 3) Medians
separates opposing stream of traffic on CW (urban roads)
minimum width of CW - 7.5m on each side
minimum width of medians - 1.2m
should be of uniform width.
4) Kerbs
curved and raised stones - barriers between shoulders & CW
types; low or, mountable - 10cm height
semi-barrier - 15cm height
barrier - 20cm height
Submerged type
7. 5) Camber
cross slope provided in tanseverse direction of highway.
to drain away water, to prevent water entering subgrade, to provide skid
resisitance.
Rates of camber; (Heavy to light)
cement concrete & high bituminous - 1 in 50 (2%) - 1 in 60(1.7%)
thin bituminous surface - 1 in 40 (2.5%) - 1 in 50 (2%)
WBM & gravel pavement - 1 in 33 (3%) - 1 in 40 (2.5%)
earth - 1 in 25 (4%) - 1 in 33 (3%)
Shapes; - parabolic
- straight line
- combination of both
8. 6) Shoulders
as emergency lanes - rough surface than CW.
minimum shoulder width - 2.5m
7) Road Margins
footpath, service roads, bus bays etc.
IRC recommended gradients for different terrains
3.3%