This document discusses level crossings on railway lines where roads cross train tracks. It defines level crossings and describes how they are classified based on factors like road class and traffic volume. Level crossings are either manned, requiring gates and a gateman for crossings with high train and vehicle usage, or unmanned without gates. Alternatives to level crossings discussed are rail over bridges (ROBs) and rail under bridges (RUBs) which can eliminate accidents and delays at crossings. The document provides details on the types of bridges that can be used and considerations for RUB construction.

1. SEMINAR ON
Presented By :
SABYA SACHI DALAI
REGD. NO.: 1001211071
8TH SEM. CIVIL ENGG.
ORISSA ENGINEERING COLLEGE ,BBSR

3. LEVEL CROSSINGS
Level crossings are provided on the railway line to pass the
road traffic across the track. As the road level and rail level are same it is
termed as level crossing.
Factors affecting type of level crossing:1. Class of road
2. Volume of road traffic
3. TVU(Train vehicle unit)
4. Visibility conditions

4. Level crossings are classified basically of two types:
1.
2.
Manned level crossing
Unmanned level crossing
Level Crossing
Manned Level
crossing
Unmanned
Level crossing
TRAIN VEHICLE UNIT(TVU):
It is product of average number of Road Vehicle and Trains
passing a crossing in 24 hours.

5.  When Train vehicle unit(TVU)>3000 a manned level crossing is required.
 Gates are provided and a gateman is appointed so that gates are
properly locked and re-opened.
 Speed breakers and caution board are installed near manned level
crossing.

6.  When Train vehicle unit(TVU)<3000 it is termed as unmanned level
crossing.
 No gates are provided neither a gateman is assigned.
 Caution board and danger board are provided at Unmanned Level
crossing.
 Height barrier should be provided.

7.  Accidents occur at unmanned level crossing due to negligence of road
users.
 Surfaces of level crossings are not proper which leads to accidents.
 Traffic flow becomes very slow.
 Wastage of time and money.

8. 



Manning of unmanned level crossing.
Providing speed breaker on road to reduce the speed.
Caution Board and Danger sign to be provided at level crossings
Closure of unmanned level crossing.

9. 




ROBs can be planned in place of level crossings.
ROB can have PSC girder and Composite girder
Composite Girders are normally used for spans more than 24m.
For longer spans, composite girders are better .
Design and drawings of 50m & 60 m composite girders are available.

10.  RUBs can be planned in place of
level crossings.
 It is a low cost solution for elimination
of LCs.
 RUBs should be water-logging free in
low embankment sections.
 Technological solution to water
logging problem has to be found out
such as Rainwater harvesting, Cross
& longitudinal drains, Retaining wall
& hump across road to check flow of
water from sides & along the road.
 RCC Roads to be provided to keep
it motor-able during rains.

11.  RUBS ELIMINATES THE RECURRING EXPENDITURE OF
MAINTENANCE OF UN- MANNED LEVELCROSSINGS.
 RUBS ARE ECONOMICAL THAN ROBS.
 COST OF MANNING OF UN-MANNED LEVEL CROSSING IS
ALSO ELIMINATED.

12. • www.wikipedia.com
• http://iricen.gov.in
• www.indianrailways.gov.in