High latitude tundra PERIOD 4
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The high latitude tundra biome is located in northern regions such as Greenland, Alaska, Canada, and Russia. It has a very cold climate with average yearly temperatures around 16 degrees F and precipitation of 6-10 inches per year. Plants and animals in the tundra biome are adapted to these harsh conditions, with dwarf shrubs, small flowers, polar bears, caribou, and Arctic foxes commonly found. The tundra has a low level of primary productivity due to the short growing seasons and nutrient-poor soil. It is threatened by global warming causing permafrost melting and by human pollution from oil drilling and development. Protections for the Arctic Refuge and national parks in Sweden and the US
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In this ppt we have followed the under given points
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3. Tundra Biome definition
4. Tundra Biome characteristics
5.Types of Tundra Biome
6. Climate of Tundra Biome
7. Soil of Tundra Biome
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- 1. High Latitude Tundra By Wadim Abad Anya Saliba Jonathan Rodgers
- 2. The high latitude tundra is also known as The Arctic tundra biome The Alpine tundra
- 3. Biome location/climate- soil, temperature, rainfall, climate graph Biome is located in Greenland, Alaska, Canada and Russia. Tundra soils are generally frozen, and are classified as Gelisols. The average temperature per year is 16 degrees F. The highest temperature can get to 45° F and the coldest temperature can get to 10° F below 0. That makes it one of the coldest regions on earth. The tundra is an unusually cold and dry climate. Precipitation totals 6-10 inches of rain a year, which includes melted snow.
- 4. Nutrient flow diagram Precipitation Runoff Fallout pathway Uptake pathway Decay pathway Leaching Weathering Soil Biomass
- 5. Characteristics animal/ plants Plants that are commonly found in the tundra biome include: Arctic willow: A dwarf shrub that is food for caribou, musk oxen, and arctic hares. Pasque flower: Its covering of fine silky hairs provides insulation. Bearberry: This low-growing evergreen’s leathery leaves and silky hairs provide protection from the cold and wind.
- 6. Animals and characteristics Animals found in the tundra are: Polar Bears: Carnivores, often eat seals Caribou: ruminants, mainly eat lichen Arctic Fox: Carnivores, eat arctic hares and snowy owls Arctic Hare: Herbivore, mainly eat grass Snowy Owl: Carnivore, mainly eats rodents Muskox: Herbivorous, eating grasses, sedges, forbs, and woody plants.
- 7. Energy flow pyramid Lichen, Moss, Grass, Flowers Caribou, Arctic Hare, Muskox, Fish Arctic Fox, Snowy Owl Polar Bear Arctic Wolf
- 9. Pyramid of biomass Artic willow Artic hare Artic fox Polar bear
- 10. Food web Artic wolf Artic fox gyrfalcon purple saxifrage Artic willow rough legged hawk Ermine Snowy owl Artic hare
- 11. Photosynthesis Only plants with shallow root systems grow in the Arctic tundra because the permafrost prevents plants from sending their roots down past the active layer of soil. Plants have adapted to the Arctic tundra by developing the ability to grow under a layer of snow, to carry out photosynthesis in extremely cold temperatures.
- 12. Net Primary Productivity 600 kilocalories per square meter per year 2 kilocalories per square meter per day Lowest net primary productivity of any ecosystem due to long cold seasons and infertile soils Low gross primary productivity also.
- 13. Succession The tundra has a layer of soil called permafrost that remains frozen year-round. The soil above thaws during the winter while the soil below doesn’t. During the winter, animals cannot dig into the burrows to live during the winter. Only animals that live there are insects and birds who migrate their because of the reduced competition. Then, when summer arrives, plants are able to photosynthesize, sometimes even for 24-hours, and grow at a rapid rate.
- 14. Human Impact Global warming Warming of the atmosphere due to fossil fuels Melting of permafrost collapsing the tundra Pollution due to human settlement. Beginning of oil drillings in the US and Sweden
- 15. Solutions (USA) The protection of 11 million acres of special habitat in the Petroleum Reserve Alaska rewarded to the USA. Opposing congress’s plan to open the Arctic Refuge to oil development.
- 16. Solutions (Sweden) The first and largest national park in Europe has been created. The Sami people have try to industrialize very little.