1) The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world, spanning 3.5 million square miles across 11 countries in Northern Africa. 2) It has a variety of climates and terrain, from tropical in the south to subtropical in the north, with mountains, oasis, and sand dunes. 3) Archaeological evidence suggests the Sahara was once more habitable, but the climate changed and it is now a harsh environment with a population of just 2.5 million people scattered in oasis areas.