Arctic ecosystems
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The document discusses the importance of Arctic ecosystems. It notes that Arctic regions provide food, fuel, fodder and potential pharmaceuticals. They also contain unique genetic material and species, and support migratory animals. Arctic sea ice hosts ice-endemic species and is an important habitat. Tundra and boreal forests are also discussed, noting the challenges of the climate and importance of adaptations for plant and animal survival.
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Arctic (1)
The Arctic is located around the North Pole and consists of the Arctic Ocean and parts of several northern countries. It is a very cold region with snow and ice but supports a diverse array of wildlife like Arctic foxes, whales, and seals that have adapted to the extreme conditions. The Arctic biome faces threats from climate change, industrial activities, and pollution that can damage its unique ecosystems and Inuit communities.
The arctic ecosystem
The Arctic ecosystem is located in northern regions including parts of Alaska, Canada, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Russia and Sweden. It has cold winters and cool summers with low annual precipitation mostly in the form of snow. The habitat supports dwarf shrubs, grasses, herbs and mosses in the tundra. Common herbivores include Arctic hares, lemmings and caribou, while predators include snowy owls, Arctic foxes and wolves hunting on the land and polar bears hunting in the sea. Food chains transfer energy from plants through herbivores to carnivores.
Grassland
The grasslands biome is dominated by grasses and other herbaceous plants called forbs. It covers more of the Earth's surface than any other biome. North American grasslands can be divided into tallgrass, mixed grass, and shortgrass prairies depending on the average precipitation and height of the dominant grasses. While grasses remain green and growing in the spring and summer, they become brown and dried out in the autumn and winter. Grasslands support a diversity of primary consumers and provide habitat for species like bison, prairie dogs, meadowlarks and rattlesnakes. However, over 99% of North American grasslands have been converted to agricultural use like growing corn and wheat.
The arctic ecosystem
The document summarizes key aspects of the Arctic ecosystem, including:
- The Arctic region includes parts of several northern countries and is characterized by cold winters and cool summers with low precipitation.
- The habitat of the Arctic tundra supports dwarf shrubs, grasses, herbs and mosses close to the ground, as well as herbivores like caribou and predators like polar bears and Arctic foxes.
- Food chains in the Arctic ecosystem show the transfer of energy from plants through herbivores to carnivores, with examples of a food chain and food web provided.
Polar bears
Polar bears have evolved to rely on sea ice for hunting seals, their primary food source. However, global warming is causing Arctic sea ice to rapidly diminish, which reduces polar bears' access to food. This leads to lower body conditions, lower cub survival rates, and increased risks of drowning or cannibalism for polar bears. Because temperatures are rising, sea ice is melting further from coastlines, making it more difficult for polar bears, especially mothers with cubs, to reach their food sources and return to land. If warming continues, many polar bear populations could decline or become unsustainable.
Grassland
The document compares and contrasts temperate and tropical grasslands. It discusses their locations, climate, plants, animals, and physical features. Temperate grasslands are found between 23.5 degrees north and south latitude with precipitation between 25-100 cm annually. Tropical grasslands are located between 5-20 degrees north and south of the equator in parts of Africa, South America, and Australia, receiving 50-130 cm of rain annually. Both ecosystems support grazing animals and have grasses with deep roots adapted to their climates.
Tundra biome
The Tundra biome has very harsh conditions, with frozen soil and low biodiversity. Summers are short, with temperatures barely rising above freezing. Plants must grow and reproduce rapidly in this short summer season. They have adaptations like small leaves and the ability to grow through snow. Animals also have adaptations like thick fur and changing fur color between seasons. Predator and prey populations fluctuate together based on the availability of food sources like lemmings.
GEOGRAPHY YEAR 9 - ICE WORLDS - THE ARCTIC
The Arctic region is located around the North Pole and consists of the Arctic Ocean and parts of several northern countries. It is defined as the area north of the Arctic Circle, where the average July temperature is below 10°C. The word "Arctic" comes from the Greek word meaning "bear." Average winter temperatures in the Arctic are very cold, below -40°C. Vegetation is limited to low shrubs, herbs, lichens and mosses due to the cold climate. Animals that live in the Arctic include caribou, Arctic foxes, polar bears, and various birds and marine species. Natural resources in the Arctic include oil, gas, minerals, fresh water, fish and forests. Major Arctic
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Arctic (1)
The Arctic is located around the North Pole and consists of the Arctic Ocean and parts of several northern countries. It is a very cold region with snow and ice but supports a diverse array of wildlife like Arctic foxes, whales, and seals that have adapted to the extreme conditions. The Arctic biome faces threats from climate change, industrial activities, and pollution that can damage its unique ecosystems and Inuit communities.
The arctic ecosystem
The Arctic ecosystem is located in northern regions including parts of Alaska, Canada, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Russia and Sweden. It has cold winters and cool summers with low annual precipitation mostly in the form of snow. The habitat supports dwarf shrubs, grasses, herbs and mosses in the tundra. Common herbivores include Arctic hares, lemmings and caribou, while predators include snowy owls, Arctic foxes and wolves hunting on the land and polar bears hunting in the sea. Food chains transfer energy from plants through herbivores to carnivores.
Grassland
The grasslands biome is dominated by grasses and other herbaceous plants called forbs. It covers more of the Earth's surface than any other biome. North American grasslands can be divided into tallgrass, mixed grass, and shortgrass prairies depending on the average precipitation and height of the dominant grasses. While grasses remain green and growing in the spring and summer, they become brown and dried out in the autumn and winter. Grasslands support a diversity of primary consumers and provide habitat for species like bison, prairie dogs, meadowlarks and rattlesnakes. However, over 99% of North American grasslands have been converted to agricultural use like growing corn and wheat.
The arctic ecosystem
The document summarizes key aspects of the Arctic ecosystem, including:
- The Arctic region includes parts of several northern countries and is characterized by cold winters and cool summers with low precipitation.
- The habitat of the Arctic tundra supports dwarf shrubs, grasses, herbs and mosses close to the ground, as well as herbivores like caribou and predators like polar bears and Arctic foxes.
- Food chains in the Arctic ecosystem show the transfer of energy from plants through herbivores to carnivores, with examples of a food chain and food web provided.
Polar bears
Polar bears have evolved to rely on sea ice for hunting seals, their primary food source. However, global warming is causing Arctic sea ice to rapidly diminish, which reduces polar bears' access to food. This leads to lower body conditions, lower cub survival rates, and increased risks of drowning or cannibalism for polar bears. Because temperatures are rising, sea ice is melting further from coastlines, making it more difficult for polar bears, especially mothers with cubs, to reach their food sources and return to land. If warming continues, many polar bear populations could decline or become unsustainable.
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The document compares and contrasts temperate and tropical grasslands. It discusses their locations, climate, plants, animals, and physical features. Temperate grasslands are found between 23.5 degrees north and south latitude with precipitation between 25-100 cm annually. Tropical grasslands are located between 5-20 degrees north and south of the equator in parts of Africa, South America, and Australia, receiving 50-130 cm of rain annually. Both ecosystems support grazing animals and have grasses with deep roots adapted to their climates.
Tundra biome
The Tundra biome has very harsh conditions, with frozen soil and low biodiversity. Summers are short, with temperatures barely rising above freezing. Plants must grow and reproduce rapidly in this short summer season. They have adaptations like small leaves and the ability to grow through snow. Animals also have adaptations like thick fur and changing fur color between seasons. Predator and prey populations fluctuate together based on the availability of food sources like lemmings.
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The Arctic region is located around the North Pole and consists of the Arctic Ocean and parts of several northern countries. It is defined as the area north of the Arctic Circle, where the average July temperature is below 10°C. The word "Arctic" comes from the Greek word meaning "bear." Average winter temperatures in the Arctic are very cold, below -40°C. Vegetation is limited to low shrubs, herbs, lichens and mosses due to the cold climate. Animals that live in the Arctic include caribou, Arctic foxes, polar bears, and various birds and marine species. Natural resources in the Arctic include oil, gas, minerals, fresh water, fish and forests. Major Arctic
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Rhinoceroses are large, grey land mammals that have one or two horns and live in parts of Africa and Asia. There are five rhino species that vary in size from 1.5-1.8 meters tall and 350kg-4 tons in weight. Rhinos are solitary and territorial, using their horns to defend territories and mates. They are threatened by hunting for their horns and loss of habitat.
Desert
Deserts are defined as areas that receive less than 25cm of precipitation per year. They are characterized by high temperatures, low rainfall, and climatic factors such as high pressure systems, cold ocean currents, and mountain ranges that create rain shadows. Plants and animals in deserts have adapted to survive the harsh conditions through mechanisms like storing water, long roots, short lifecycles, burrowing, nocturnal behavior, and hibernation. Camels are an example of a desert-adapted species.
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The tundra biome is located near the North Pole and covers about a fifth of the Earth's surface. It is characterized by permafrost, or permanently frozen soil, which prevents trees from growing. During the short summers, plants and microorganisms can grow in the thin layer of soil that thaws. The tundra has a very low biodiversity and supports species that are adapted to the harsh climate, such as reindeer, arctic foxes, and lemmings. Oil and gas exploration and climate change threaten the fragile tundra ecosystem.
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Sambar Deer
The sambar deer is a large deer native to South and Southeast Asia. It has a small mane and relatively long tail. Males grow antlers starting at age 2. Sambar have lived up to 28 years in captivity, though likely not more than 12 years in the wild. They are found in forests and grasslands near water sources. Sambar are nocturnal and form small herds. Males become territorial during breeding season from November to December and engage in fights with other males over territory. Females give birth after 8 months of gestation. Major threats to sambar include habitat loss and hunting.
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Rhinoceroses are large, grey land mammals that have one or two horns and live in parts of Africa and Asia. There are five rhino species that vary in size from 1.5-1.8 meters tall and 350kg-4 tons in weight. Rhinos are solitary and territorial, using their horns to defend territories and mates. They are threatened by hunting for their horns and loss of habitat.
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Deserts are defined as areas that receive less than 25cm of precipitation per year. They are characterized by high temperatures, low rainfall, and climatic factors such as high pressure systems, cold ocean currents, and mountain ranges that create rain shadows. Plants and animals in deserts have adapted to survive the harsh conditions through mechanisms like storing water, long roots, short lifecycles, burrowing, nocturnal behavior, and hibernation. Camels are an example of a desert-adapted species.
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siberia
The tundra biome is located near the North Pole and covers about a fifth of the Earth's surface. It is characterized by permafrost, or permanently frozen soil, which prevents trees from growing. During the short summers, plants and microorganisms can grow in the thin layer of soil that thaws. The tundra has a very low biodiversity and supports species that are adapted to the harsh climate, such as reindeer, arctic foxes, and lemmings. Oil and gas exploration and climate change threaten the fragile tundra ecosystem.
Tundra Biome
The tundra biome is a cold, windy region where tree growth is limited by low temperatures and short growing seasons. It is located near the Arctic and Antarctic circles, and on high altitude mountains worldwide. Plants and animals in the tundra have adaptations like thick fur, camouflage coloring, and compact bodies to withstand the harsh climate. The food web is delicate, with humans as top predators who can disrupt the balance by overhunting. The tundra ecosystem now faces threats from climate change like melting permafrost and pollution.
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The document provides information about the tundra biome. It describes the tundra as having extremely cold temperatures, little precipitation, poor soils, and a short growing season. Plants and animals in the tundra have adapted to these harsh conditions by growing close to the ground, having hairy coverings, and migrating away during winter months. The document contrasts the Arctic and alpine tundra, noting that the Arctic tundra spans northern regions and has permafrost, while alpine tundra occurs at high elevations worldwide.
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2. Each biome has unique abiotic factors like climate and soil that have shaped the adaptations of the plants and animals living there. For example, desert plants have small leaves or none at all to reduce water loss, while aquatic biomes range from freshwater to marine environments.
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This document defines and describes different types of biomes. It begins by defining a biome as a major community of plants and animals classified by predominant vegetation and adaptations to the environment. It then describes four main classifications of biomes: terrestrial, freshwater, marine, and anthropogenic. For each classification, it provides examples and characteristics of specific biomes within that classification, such as tundra, tropical forest, ocean, estuary, and agricultural biomes.
Biology Project-Erika Torres
This document describes the seven major biomes of the world: tundra, taiga, temperate forest, tropical rainforest, desert, grassland, and ocean. It provides details on the location and key characteristics of each biome, including the plants and animals found in each one. The tundra biome is characterized by low temperatures and treeless plains. Taiga forests are the largest biome and have long, cold winters. Temperate forests have trees that lose their leaves in winter. Tropical rainforests have high biodiversity and rainfall. Deserts receive little precipitation, while grasslands cover large areas and support wildlife. The open ocean contains the most species diversity of any ecosystem.
The Tundra Biome
The document provides information about the tundra biome. It describes the tundra biome as a treeless, frozen landscape found in polar regions characterized by extreme cold temperatures. It discusses the three main types of tundra: Arctic tundra, alpine tundra, and Antarctic tundra. For each type, it outlines the geographic distribution, climate conditions, characteristic plants and animals, and how they are adapted to survive in the harsh tundra environment.
Projecto biologia
The tundra biome is the coldest of all biomes, with extremely low temperatures averaging between -20°F to -30°F. It has a short growing season and receives little precipitation annually. Plants grow slowly due to the cold and include various mosses, shrubs, grasses, and willows. Fauna includes herbivores like caribou and lemmings, and carnivores such as arctic foxes and polar bears. Threats to the tundra include melting permafrost from climate change and human disturbances from resource extraction and infrastructure development. The tundra plays an important role in global climate regulation and biodiversity.
Antartica: Flora and Fauna
The document discusses the plant life found in Antarctica. It notes that the majority of the continent is covered in ice and snow, leaving less than 1% available for plant colonization. The only two flowering plant species are Antarctic hair grass and Antarctic pearlwort. There are also approximately 100 species of mosses, 25 species of liverworts, 300-400 species of lichens, and 20 species of fungi. Lichens in particular can survive long periods of drought and absorb water from snow and ice. The sub-Antarctic islands have a more diverse flora due to their milder climate.
DESERT ECOSYSTEM AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES
desert ecosystem, formation, its characteristics and types
Ch 5 ed
Terrestrial biomes are areas sharing similar climate, topography, and soil conditions that support characteristic biological communities. The major terrestrial biomes include tropical rainforests, tropical savannas, deserts, grasslands, Mediterranean shrublands, deciduous forests, coniferous forests, tundra, and wetlands. Marine ecosystems include open ocean, coastal zones like coral reefs and estuaries, and tidal environments. Humans have significantly disturbed many ecosystems through habitat conversion, pollution, and overexploitation of resources.
Ch 5 ed
Terrestrial biomes are areas sharing similar climate, topography, and soil conditions that support characteristic biological communities. The major terrestrial biomes include tropical rainforests, tropical savannas, deserts, grasslands, temperate forests, boreal forests, and tundra. Human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, agriculture, and urbanization have significantly disturbed many biomes and are the primary cause of biodiversity loss globally.
Biomes
This document defines and describes different biomes, including terrestrial biomes like tundra, taiga, desert, grassland, temperate forest, and tropical rainforest as well as aquatic biomes like marine environments with photic and aphotic zones, estuaries, and freshwater biomes. It provides details on characteristic climate, plants, soils, and common animal species for each biome.
5th Period Coniferous Forest
The taiga biome has harsh winters that last up to six months with sub-freezing temperatures and moderate precipitation. Plant life is limited mostly to lichens, mosses, and evergreen coniferous trees that grow closely together for protection. Animals have adapted to the cold through migration, hibernation, or other means to cope with food scarcity. Global warming threatens the taiga biome by potentially shifting climatic zones hundreds of kilometers north and reducing the biome's coverage by 50-90% over the next 50 years.
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07. Weather climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate by Dilip Kumar Chandra
07. Weather climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate by Dilip Kumar Chandra
DESERT ECOSYSTEM AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES
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- Figure 1 shows the increasing number of reported natural disasters per year from 1900 to 2000.
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This document contains notes from progress tests on various topics:
1. The grade boundaries for the progress test, ranging from A to E. Most students were expected to score between A-C.
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3. Factors affecting internet connectivity between Europe and Africa. Physical barriers like mountains and deserts impact Africa more, while certain coastal areas and countries have better connectivity.
That's a high-level summary of the key information provided in the document in 3 sentences. Let me know if you need any clarification
AS geography progress test October 2013
Ethiopia belongs to the LDCs or Less Developed Countries. An example of an NIC is South Korea. NICs are middle-income industrializing nations like South Korea, Taiwan, and Brazil. Figure 4 shows evidence of a two speed world with wide differences in GDP per capita between advanced economies like the OECD nations and developing nations like the LDCs and NICs.
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The document provides information about the challenges facing biodiversity in Pacific small island developing states (SIDS). Key points include:
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- Climate change poses severe risks like sea level rise, which could make some low-lying Pacific islands uninhabitable.
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January 2013 being synoptic
This document provides an overview of key themes and considerations for choosing energy solutions in Europe:
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Feedback from as mock
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Global Challenges mark scheme June 2010
(1) Landslides and avalanches are natural hazards found in mountainous areas.
(2) Landslides occur where there are steep slopes and cliffs near the coast or inland, and their risk is increased by earthquakes, heavy rainfall, and human activities like deforestation.
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Web quest – going global
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- 3. The Arctic sea ice and its related organisms are unique. Year-round ice has allowed the development of ice endemic species (meaning they are not found anywhere else) Arctic Ocean and ice sheet Sea ice is formed from ocean water that freezes. Because the oceans consist of saltwater, this occurs at about -1.8 °C. Sea ice contrasts with icebergs, which are chunks of ice made of fresh water. Sea ice expands and contracts with the seasons Land-fast ice is frozen along coasts ("fastened" to them) or to the sea floor. It extends out from land into sea and does not move with currents and wind. Drift ice floats on the surface of the water. When packed together in large masses drift ice is called pack ice. Phytoplankton Seal Arctic cod Inuit hunter
- 4. Tundra 1 Tundra temperatures only rise above freezing for a short period of time and only the top layer of soil thaws during the summer time, the active layer. Underneath the active layer is permanently frozen ground called ” permafrost ”. In the summer tundra changes, the sun shines almost 24 hours a day, so it warms up. Plant life grows Winter in the Arctic tundra is long, dark, and very cold with temperatures as low as -70°C The water forms ponds and marshes scattered across the barren landscape during the short summer During the summer caribou, insects and many birds migrate to spend the summer here. Resident creatures such as the Arctic hare, Musk ox and Ptarmigan are adapted to survive in the winter
- 5. Plant communites are adapted to strong winds and soil disturbance from frost heave (when the soil freezes and thaws. They photosynthesise at low temperatures, low light and long periods of daylight The landscape is dominated by grasses, flowers, mosses and lichen and a few trees Wolf Musk Ox Caribou Tundra 2 Permafrost
- 6. Boreal forest 1 (also known as Taiga) Boreal forest is important. The trees and peatlands are one of the world's largest "carbon sinks“. Boreal forest is mainly characterised by coniferous forests but also have small-leaved deciduous trees like birch, alder and aspen mostly in areas escaping the most extreme winter cold Harsh climate with a large temperature range, from −50 °C to 30 °C through the year. The summers, are short, warm and humid. Reptiles are rare because of cold temperatures For much of the year the sun does not rise far above the horizon. Winters lasts 6 months, with average temperatures below freezing.
- 7. Boreal forest supports a relatively low diversity of species. But the plants and animals that live here are adapted for the bitter cold, short summers, and frequent fires. Other creatures migrate to warmer areas during the winter. Moose Ptarmigan Grizzly bear Boreal Forest 2