This document discusses different types of natural vegetation regions around the world. It describes forests, grasslands, tundra, deserts and ice sheets as the main vegetation regions. Each region is characterized by distinct plant communities that are determined by climate factors like temperature and precipitation. The document provides examples of different forest and tundra types. It also explains how lack of precipitation defines deserts and how ice sheets have no vegetation. Latitude and altitude are described as influencing regional climates and associated vegetation distribution.
While studying the physical features and geomorphology of landforms, a very unique nature of landmass comes into our mind. It is very unique in various aspects. That is the dry landmass called as the Desert.
Earth has numerous land areas covered by deserts. Among all the terrestrial ecosystems, deserts are very typical landforms due to their unique ecological conditions.
natural vegetation and wildlife presentation. In This presentation information about land,soil,climate activity and types of forest some map show wildlife sanctuaries , national park etc.
Forests of pakistan {importance, types, causes and effects}Haroon Khaliq
this is a powerpointt project which includes types, importance of forests and deforestation (causes, effects and solution). It is a complete package of information.
While studying the physical features and geomorphology of landforms, a very unique nature of landmass comes into our mind. It is very unique in various aspects. That is the dry landmass called as the Desert.
Earth has numerous land areas covered by deserts. Among all the terrestrial ecosystems, deserts are very typical landforms due to their unique ecological conditions.
natural vegetation and wildlife presentation. In This presentation information about land,soil,climate activity and types of forest some map show wildlife sanctuaries , national park etc.
Forests of pakistan {importance, types, causes and effects}Haroon Khaliq
this is a powerpointt project which includes types, importance of forests and deforestation (causes, effects and solution). It is a complete package of information.
Definition of Forest, Forest cover, types of Zones, Forest types of India, Forest types of North East India, Forest cover Comparison of North eastern states of India in different time period.
This presentation provides an overview of a field-based practical exercise that allows students in forestry, ecology and natural resources to develop their understanding of forest stand dynamics. The exercise involves measurement of key tree growth parameters in four even-aged, single-species plantation stands of different age but occupying sites with similar soil and environmental characteristics. The selected stands represent key stages in stand development, from establishment to rotation age for fibre production. In the field, students work in small teams to gather data from an equal number of plots within each stand. Tree parameters include top height, crown diameter, live crown ratio and diameter at breast height. In addition, information on stand density and understorey vegetation is collected. Plot size and number can be varied to suit the constraints of class size and available time, though circular plots of 100 m2 are recommended. In the classroom, data are pooled and analysis focuses on presenting tree and vegetation changes through time. The simplest way of interpreting the data is to prepare graphs and charts for each of the parameters, though more advanced statistical interpretations are possible. The project as outlined here can be modified to meet the needs of different groups, and has been successfully used in undergraduate teaching of silviculture and forest ecology, as well as in postgraduate courses in natural resources management.
Download Paper at URL: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/254307252_The_development_of_even-aged_plantation_forests_an_exercise_in_forest_stand_dynamics
General introduction of deforestation term.
Causes of deforestation.
Effects of deforestation on the Environment (Atmospheric, Hydrological, soil, and biodiversity).
The economic impact of deforestation.
Rates of deforestation.
Deforestation in India.
How to control deforestation, by reducing emissions or reforestation or forest plantations.
The economy of the world is fast changing during the recent years.
The changes in primary, secondary and tertiary stages are dynamic in nature.
In view of this, the objectives of studying economic geography are to integrate several factors of economic development to acquaint with the dynamic aspects of the Scenario. This module is about basics of economic geography.
agricultue-the science,art or occupation concerned with cultivating land, raising crops and feeding, breeding and raising livestock.
the ppt includes:-
1. its importance
2. factors responsible for agriculture
3. types of farming
4. types of crops
5. technological and institutional reforms
6. role of agriculture
i hope the ppt willl be liked by you and will prove to be informative one.
thankyou!
Definition of Forest, Forest cover, types of Zones, Forest types of India, Forest types of North East India, Forest cover Comparison of North eastern states of India in different time period.
This presentation provides an overview of a field-based practical exercise that allows students in forestry, ecology and natural resources to develop their understanding of forest stand dynamics. The exercise involves measurement of key tree growth parameters in four even-aged, single-species plantation stands of different age but occupying sites with similar soil and environmental characteristics. The selected stands represent key stages in stand development, from establishment to rotation age for fibre production. In the field, students work in small teams to gather data from an equal number of plots within each stand. Tree parameters include top height, crown diameter, live crown ratio and diameter at breast height. In addition, information on stand density and understorey vegetation is collected. Plot size and number can be varied to suit the constraints of class size and available time, though circular plots of 100 m2 are recommended. In the classroom, data are pooled and analysis focuses on presenting tree and vegetation changes through time. The simplest way of interpreting the data is to prepare graphs and charts for each of the parameters, though more advanced statistical interpretations are possible. The project as outlined here can be modified to meet the needs of different groups, and has been successfully used in undergraduate teaching of silviculture and forest ecology, as well as in postgraduate courses in natural resources management.
Download Paper at URL: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/254307252_The_development_of_even-aged_plantation_forests_an_exercise_in_forest_stand_dynamics
General introduction of deforestation term.
Causes of deforestation.
Effects of deforestation on the Environment (Atmospheric, Hydrological, soil, and biodiversity).
The economic impact of deforestation.
Rates of deforestation.
Deforestation in India.
How to control deforestation, by reducing emissions or reforestation or forest plantations.
The economy of the world is fast changing during the recent years.
The changes in primary, secondary and tertiary stages are dynamic in nature.
In view of this, the objectives of studying economic geography are to integrate several factors of economic development to acquaint with the dynamic aspects of the Scenario. This module is about basics of economic geography.
agricultue-the science,art or occupation concerned with cultivating land, raising crops and feeding, breeding and raising livestock.
the ppt includes:-
1. its importance
2. factors responsible for agriculture
3. types of farming
4. types of crops
5. technological and institutional reforms
6. role of agriculture
i hope the ppt willl be liked by you and will prove to be informative one.
thankyou!
Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystem, Biomes and distribution Batool Fatima
These slides cover the types of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Briefly states the basic definition, the distinguish factors moreover the flora and fauna found at these places.
Which of the following sets of biomes is placed in order from lowest.pdfalokkesh1
Which of the following sets of biomes is placed in order from lowest to highest average annual
temperature?Tundra, woodland/shrubland, subtropical desertSubtropical desert, temperate
seasonal forest, tropical rain forestTropical seasonal forest, boreal forest,
woodland/shrublandTropical rain forest, temperate seasonal forest, tundra4.Which of the
following sets of biomes is placed in order from most to least biologically diverse?Boreal forest,
woodland/shrubland, tropical seasonal forestTropical rain forest, temperate seasonal forest,
tundraSubtropical desert, temperate seasonal forest, tropical rain forestTundra,
woodland/shrubland, subtropical desertWhich of the following sets of biomes is placed in order
from lowest to highest average annual temperature?Tundra, woodland/shrubland, subtropical
desertSubtropical desert, temperate seasonal forest, tropical rain forestTropical seasonal forest,
boreal forest, woodland/shrublandTropical rain forest, temperate seasonal forest, tundra
Solution
Land Biomes
These are the 8 different land biomes in order from coldest to warmest
Tundra
Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes. Tundra comes from the Finnish word tunturi, meaning
treeless plain. It is noted for its frost-molded landscapes, extremely low temperatures, little
precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons. Dead organic material functions as a
nutrient pool. The two major nutrients are nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen is created by
biological fixation, and phosphorus is created by precipitation. It is also the driest biome next to
the desert.
Characteristics of tundra include:
Extremely cold climate
Low biotic diversity
Simple vegetation structure
Limitation of drainage
Short season of growth and reproduction
Energy and nutrients in the form of dead organic material
Large population oscillations
Coniferous Forest (also known as Taiga)
The Coniferous Forest is a forest of Conifers (too much to handle, isn\'t it?). A Conifer is a tree
that produces its seeds in cones. The Pine tree is the most common example. Conifer leaves
conserve water with the thick, waxy layer that covers their leaves, also known as needles. The
vegitation in the Coniferous forest is small in size, but large enough to feed the vast herbivore
population. Most of these animals survive the brutal winters by migrating or hibernating.
Average Annual Rainfall- 14-29.5 in.
Average Temperatures in the Summer- 57.2°F
Average Temperatures in the Winter- 14°F
Deciduous Forest (also known as temperate forest)
Deciduous forests can be found in the eastern half of North America, and the middle of Europe.
There are many deciduous forests in Asia. Some of the major areas that they are in are southwest
Russia, Japan, and eastern China. South America has two big areas of deciduous forests in
southern Chile and Middle East coast of Paraguay. There are deciduous forests located in New
Zealand, and southeastern Australia also.
The average annual temperature in a deciduous forest i.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
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Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
3. NATURAL VEGETATION:
• NATURAL VEGETATION REFERS TO THE PLANTS AND
OTHER FLORA THAT MAKE UP THE PLANT LIFE IN THE
REGION.
• THE NATURAL VEGETATION WILL DETERMINE THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA.
4. Types of Vegetation
Scientists divide the Earth’s land into what are called vegetation
regions. These areas have distinct types of plants, soil, and
weather patterns.
What is vegetation region?
Vegetation regions are geological area characterized by
distinct plant communities. Community composition,
determined primarily by Climate (e.g., temperature,
precipitation and sunlight), may be affected by factors such
as Geology, soil composition and erosion, water drainage
patterns and human interference. Each vegetation region
supports a characteristic animal community that may affect its
composition.
6. Forest:
Forests are areas with trees grouped in a way so their
leaves or foliage, shade the ground.
Forests can be found just about anywhere trees can
grow, from below sea level to high in the mountains.
From tropical rain forests near the Equator to boreal
forests in cold climates close to the Arctic Circle,
different types of forests can be found all over the
world.
Types of forest:
Deciduous forests: have trees with
green leaves that change color in the
fall and drop altogether in the winter.
Evergreen forests: have trees with
leaves that stay green all year long.
7. Grassland:
Grasslands are as their name suggests, flat and open
areas where grasses are the dominant type of
vegetation. Grasslands can be found on every
continent except Antarctica.
Role of climate on grassland:
In cool, mild climates, like northwest Europe,
grasslands are dominated by tough vegetation,
such as oats, that thrives all year. Some of these
grasses are so tough and hard that they are
considered as weeds.
In warmer climates, seasonal vegetation survives
better.
8. Tundra:
Tundra is an area where tree growth is difficult
because of cold temperatures and short seasons.
Vegetation in tundra is limited to a few shrubs,
grasses, and mosses. Scientists estimate roughly
1,700 different species live in the tundra, which
isn’t much compared to forests and grasslands.
The ground is often too cold for plants to set
down roots, and without plants few animal
species can survive.
Tundra
Alpine tundra
Separated from a
forest vegetation
region by the tree
line, the area beyond
which conditions are
too harsh or cold for
tree growth.
Arctic
tundra
Occurs in the far-
northern hemisphere
of the Earth. It has a
bare landscape and is
frozen for much of
the year.
9. Desert:
Deserts have almost no precipitation, or
rainfall. In fact, deserts are specifically defined
as areas with an average annual precipitation
of less than 10 inches per year. Deserts usually
have really high daytime temperatures, low
nighttime temperatures, and very low humidity.
Not all deserts are hot and sandy, however. The
largest desert in the world is the Antarctic
Desert, which takes up most of the continent of
Antarctica. In the Antarctic Desert, ice sheets
cover barren rock. Few animals can live in the
Antarctic Desert. Those that do are often
microscopic, such as lice.
10. Ice Sheet:
The interesting thing about the ice sheet “vegetation region”
is that there really isn’t any vegetation there at all! An ice
sheet is a large stretch of glacier ice that covers the land all
around it for more than 50,000 square kilometers (20,000
square miles). Currently, the only ice sheets are in Antarctica
and Greenland.
Don’t confuse the ice sheets, called polar ice caps, with other
ice shelves or glaciers; an ice sheet is much, much bigger.
Scientists are also studying ice sheets
to measure the rate of melting ice.
Parts of the Greenland ice sheet were
once thought to be permanent, but they
are now melting at a fast pace.
12. Poaching : is the main cause of extinction of many species of animals and
birds.
Wild animals killed for many reasons, they are killed for there;
Skin -Tiger, leopard, deer.
Nails -Tigers.
Horns -Elephant, rhinoceros.
Feathers -peacocks.
15. Latitude and Altitude
Latitude:
The angular distance of a place north or south of the
earth's equator, or of the equator of a celestial object,
usually expressed in degrees and minutes.
Altitude:
The height of an object or point in relation to sea level or
ground level.
16. What is a high latitude climate?
Although there is no specific definition for high latitude
climate, these environments typically exist above 60 degrees of
latitude. This type of climate is called arctic in the Northern
Hemisphere, Antarctic in the Southern Hemisphere, or simply polar.
What is a mid-latitude climate?
The middle latitude zones have warm, dry summers and cool,
wet winters. The climate is often divided into four categories:
Mediterranean, humid subtropical, marine west coast and humid
continental. The climate is regulated by oceanic bodies, typically
experiencing strong prevailing winds and significant weather fronts.
17. Altitude affects climate in that the higher up
you get, the more the temperature drops. The
temperature goes down roughly 4 degrees
Fahrenheit for every 1,000 feet you climb.
Altitude is the subject's distance from the
sea. This is why a lot of high-up places such
as mountaintops often get snow for most of
the year when other places do not, no matter
how low the temperature drops.
For each 1,000 foot rise in altitude there
is a 4°F drop in temperature. For
example, if at sea level the average
temperature is 75°F, at 10,000 feet the
average temperature would be only 35°F.
This has a dramatic effect on plant and
animal distribution.
In tropical mountainous areas several
types of forests occur. Montane forests
are cooler and may contain deciduous
trees. At sea level, there are lowland
rainforests and mangroves. At cloud
level, moist, dripping cloud forests may
occur. They are cooler than lowland
forests. High mountains may also have
alpine, tundra, and snow covered peaks.
Effects of altitude on climate and vegetation: