The Amazon Basin document summarizes key facts about the Amazon rainforest region in South America. It notes that the Amazon Basin covers 40% of the South American continent and contains the second longest river in the world. The climate is hot year-round with high rainfall that provides nutrients to the infertile soil and supports the world's largest rainforest. The rainforest is home to thousands of plant and animal species, many of which are now threatened due to factors like habitat loss and pollution.