Bacterial Toxins
endotoxin
exotoxinO- antigen , core polysaccharide and lipid A.
Properties of bacterial endotoxin Properties of bacterial exotoxin Toxoid Types of exotoxins
A-B toxin
Super-antigen
Membrain disrupting
How Our Body Eliminates Toxins
In microbiology, the term isolation refers to the separation of a strain from a natural, mixed population of living microbes, as present in the environment, for example in water or soil flora, or from living beings with skin flora, oral flora or gut flora, in order to identify the microbe(s) of interest. Historically, the laboratory techniques of isolation first developed in the field of bacteriology and parasitology (during the 19th century), before those in virology during the 20th century. Methods of microbial isolation have drastically changed over the past 50 years, from a labor perspective with increasing mechanization, and in regard to the technology involved, and hence speed and accuracy.
Classical and molecular taxonomic parameters, species concept, systematic gradation of animals, nomenclature, modern scheme of animal classification into sub-Kingdom, division, section, phyla and minor phyla
Bacterial Toxins
endotoxin
exotoxinO- antigen , core polysaccharide and lipid A.
Properties of bacterial endotoxin Properties of bacterial exotoxin Toxoid Types of exotoxins
A-B toxin
Super-antigen
Membrain disrupting
How Our Body Eliminates Toxins
In microbiology, the term isolation refers to the separation of a strain from a natural, mixed population of living microbes, as present in the environment, for example in water or soil flora, or from living beings with skin flora, oral flora or gut flora, in order to identify the microbe(s) of interest. Historically, the laboratory techniques of isolation first developed in the field of bacteriology and parasitology (during the 19th century), before those in virology during the 20th century. Methods of microbial isolation have drastically changed over the past 50 years, from a labor perspective with increasing mechanization, and in regard to the technology involved, and hence speed and accuracy.
Classical and molecular taxonomic parameters, species concept, systematic gradation of animals, nomenclature, modern scheme of animal classification into sub-Kingdom, division, section, phyla and minor phyla
Food: Food additives: Food preservatives, artificial sweeteners and antioxidants (definition and
examples, structures not required) – Structure of BHT, BHA and Ajinomoto - Commonly used permitted
and non-permitted food colours (structures not required) - Fast foods and junk foods & their health
effects - Artificial ripening of fruits and its health effects. Importance of milk, coconut water and Neera.
Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). There are three well-known branches of microscopy: optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopy, along with the emerging field of X-ray microscopy.
Bright field microscopy, Principle and applicationsKAUSHAL SAHU
Introduction
History
Basic Component of Microscope
Light Microscopy
Types of Light Microscopy
What Are Bright Microscopy
Principle of Bright Microscope
Advantage
Disadvantage
Application
Conclusion
Reference
1. MICROSCOPY - introduction + principle (Basics)Nethravathi Siri
Basics only
Microscopy is the technical field that uses microscopes to observe samples which are
not in the resolution range of the normal-unaided eye.
Microscope is a scientific-instrument consisting of magnifying lens that enables an
observer to view the minute features distinctly.
In greek, micro = small
skopein = to view.
Food: Food additives: Food preservatives, artificial sweeteners and antioxidants (definition and
examples, structures not required) – Structure of BHT, BHA and Ajinomoto - Commonly used permitted
and non-permitted food colours (structures not required) - Fast foods and junk foods & their health
effects - Artificial ripening of fruits and its health effects. Importance of milk, coconut water and Neera.
Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). There are three well-known branches of microscopy: optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopy, along with the emerging field of X-ray microscopy.
Bright field microscopy, Principle and applicationsKAUSHAL SAHU
Introduction
History
Basic Component of Microscope
Light Microscopy
Types of Light Microscopy
What Are Bright Microscopy
Principle of Bright Microscope
Advantage
Disadvantage
Application
Conclusion
Reference
1. MICROSCOPY - introduction + principle (Basics)Nethravathi Siri
Basics only
Microscopy is the technical field that uses microscopes to observe samples which are
not in the resolution range of the normal-unaided eye.
Microscope is a scientific-instrument consisting of magnifying lens that enables an
observer to view the minute features distinctly.
In greek, micro = small
skopein = to view.
heredity and evolution class
heredity and evolution class
heredity and evolution class
heredity and evolution class
heredity and evolution class
heredity and evolution class
heredity and evolution class
heredity and evolution class
heredity and evolution class
heredity and evolution class
heredity and evolution class
heredity and evolution class
heredity and evolution class
heredity and evolution class
heredity and evolution class
heredity and evolution class
heredity and evolution class
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
PRESENTATION ABOUT PRINCIPLE OF COSMATIC EVALUATION
Genetics Foldable
1. Name: Date: Period:
Genetics Foldable
Name: Date: Period:
Q: What have you inherited?
How traits are Inherited
The Father of Genetics
Dominant vs. Recessive
Genotype vs. Phenotype
Homozygous vs. Heterozygous
Punnett Squares
Task#1
Createyour
foldable&label
theflapsas
shown.
*Youwillcut3
flapsinhalfas
shown.
2. Task#2
Q: What have you inherited?
On your flap (above the question) write
the following:
A: traits
Heredity: the passing on of
traits from parents to offspring
*traits are different forms of a
characteristic and are
controlled by genes
Task#3
How Traits are Inherited
On your flap (above the title) write the
following:
Genes: control traits, made of
DNA (located on
chromosomes)
Alleles: different forms a gene
may have for a trait
Example – Hair line
(Widow’s Peak or Straight)
3. Task#4
The Father of Genetics
On your flap (above the title) write the
following:
Gegor Mendel
(an Austrian monk)
1856 : Experimented with garden
peas to learn about patterns of
inheritance (studied 7
characteristics/traits)
Genetics: the study of how traits are
inherited through the action of
alleles.
Task#5-2
Dominant
On your flap (above the title) write the
following:
Dominant: the allele that
masks the other allele that it’s
paired with. Allele is
represented by a capital letter.
*Always shows up
Example:
Plant Height – Tall (T)
4. Task#5-1
Cut this flap in half.
(just like we did with the photosynthesis
C.R. foldable)
Dominant vs. Recessive
Task#5-3
Recessive
On your flap (above the title) write the
following:
Recessive: the allele that is
masked or covered up by a
dominant allele unless paired
with another recessive allele.
Allele is represented by a lower
case letter.
Example:
Plant Height – Short (t)
5. Task#6-1
Cut this flap in half.
(just like we did with the photosynthesis
C.R. foldable)
Genotype vs. Phenotype
Task#7-1
Cut this flap in half.
(just like we did with the photosynthesis
C.R. foldable)
Homozygous vs. Heterozygous
6. Task#6-2
Genotype
On your flap (above the title) write the
following:
Genotype: the two alleles (or
two letters) that represent the
genetic make up of an
organism
Example:
Plant Height – Tall (TT. Tt)
- Short (tt)
Task#6-3
Phenotype
On your flap (above the title) write the
following:
Phenotype: the PHYSICAL
appearance of a genotype
Example:
Plant Height – Tall or
- Short
7. Task#7-2
Homozygous
On your flap (above the title) write the
following:
Homozygous: having two of
the SAME alleles
2 capitals
OR 2 lower case letters
Homo = Same (PUREBRED)
Example: Plant Height
Tall (TT) OR Short (tt)
Task#7-3
Heterozygous
On your flap (above the title) write the
following:
Heterozygous: having two of
different alleles
1 capital AND
1 lower case letter
Hetero = Different (HYBRID)
Example: Plant Height
Tall (Tt)
8. Task#8
Punnett Squares
On your flap (above the title) write the following:
Probability: a branch of math that helps you predict the chance the something
will happen
Punnett Square: a tool
used in Mendelian
Genetics to predict the
results of a genetic cross
(probability); shows all the
possible combinations of
alleles
T T
T T
T T
t t t
t t t
Alleles from
homozygous
tall parent
Alleles from
homozygous
short parent