Heart DIsease in youth
•
1 like•1,021 views
This document discusses heart diseases that can affect youth, including both congenital heart defects present from birth as well as diseases that develop later in life. It notes that over the past 5-6 years, the author's hospital has performed over 2000 cardiac surgeries, with around 700 (or 1/3) being on patients under age 40, including over 40 coronary bypass surgeries on people under 40 years old. The document outlines different types of congenital and acquired heart conditions and their potential symptoms.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
New Perspectives Of Coronary Heart Disease In Young Adults
Ischaemic Heart Disease
I am young, I do not have to worry about heart disease
Definition of "Young", premature CAD/MI
Reducing your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
This chapter discusses cardiovascular health and disease. It defines cardiovascular disease and lists some major types like hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke. It then discusses risk factors for cardiovascular disease, separating them into those that cannot be changed like age and gender, and those that can be changed like smoking, physical inactivity, abnormal blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity. The chapter concludes by covering specific forms of cardiovascular disease like coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, and their causes, symptoms, and treatments.
Heart attack
This document provides information about heart attacks, including:
- What causes a heart attack - plaque buildup in arteries restricting blood flow and a plaque rupture causing a blood clot blockage.
- Warning signs of a heart attack like chest pain or discomfort.
- The importance of not delaying and calling emergency services within 5 minutes of symptoms starting.
- Misconceptions about what a heart attack feels like and that symptoms can be mild.
- Risk factors for heart attacks including age, family history, smoking, diabetes, cholesterol levels and blood pressure.
Cardiovascular disease and heart disease
A brief presentation on anatomy of heart, different types of cardiovascular disease, their symptoms, causes, prevention methods and medical treatments available to cure heart disease.
PVD neo
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is caused by a buildup of plaque in the arteries that reduces blood flow. It most commonly affects arteries in the legs. PVD is usually caused by atherosclerosis and is associated with risk factors like smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. Symptoms include leg pain when walking or at rest. Diagnosis involves tests like the ankle-brachial index. Treatment focuses on risk factor modification through exercise, medication, and lifestyle changes. More severe cases may require procedures like angioplasty, stents, or surgery to improve blood flow.
Prevention of heart disease
Heart disease is the number one killer worldwide. It is caused by a buildup of plaque in the arteries called atherosclerosis. Risk factors include age, family history, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption. The document provides guidelines for preventing heart disease through a healthy diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, regular exercise, not smoking, monitoring cholesterol and other health numbers, and controlling risk factors like high blood pressure and diabetes through lifestyle changes and medication if needed. Making incremental lifestyle changes can significantly reduce risk of heart disease over the long run.
Echo assessment of lv systolic function and swma
This document discusses various techniques for assessing left ventricular systolic function using echocardiography, including:
- Visual assessment of endocardial motion and wall thickening to evaluate global and regional function
- Quantitative measures like fractional shortening, ejection fraction, and volumes
- Tissue Doppler imaging of mitral annular velocities
- Tissue tracking and strain imaging to evaluate timing and extent of myocardial contraction
- Wall motion scoring to characterize regional abnormalities
Heart Diseases
Cardiovascular disease involves the heart and blood vessels, and is a major cause of disability. There are several types including coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. Risk factors include age, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, excessive alcohol, lack of exercise, and family history. Symptoms vary but screening tests can detect high cholesterol, blood pressure issues, and other problems. Prevention focuses on controlling blood pressure and cholesterol, not smoking, exercise, diet, and limiting alcohol. Cardiovascular diseases are currently the leading global cause of death and that number is projected to rise significantly by 2030 without improvements in prevention and treatment.
Recommended
New Perspectives Of Coronary Heart Disease In Young Adults
Ischaemic Heart Disease
I am young, I do not have to worry about heart disease
Definition of "Young", premature CAD/MI
Reducing your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
This chapter discusses cardiovascular health and disease. It defines cardiovascular disease and lists some major types like hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke. It then discusses risk factors for cardiovascular disease, separating them into those that cannot be changed like age and gender, and those that can be changed like smoking, physical inactivity, abnormal blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity. The chapter concludes by covering specific forms of cardiovascular disease like coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, and their causes, symptoms, and treatments.
Heart attack
This document provides information about heart attacks, including:
- What causes a heart attack - plaque buildup in arteries restricting blood flow and a plaque rupture causing a blood clot blockage.
- Warning signs of a heart attack like chest pain or discomfort.
- The importance of not delaying and calling emergency services within 5 minutes of symptoms starting.
- Misconceptions about what a heart attack feels like and that symptoms can be mild.
- Risk factors for heart attacks including age, family history, smoking, diabetes, cholesterol levels and blood pressure.
Cardiovascular disease and heart disease
A brief presentation on anatomy of heart, different types of cardiovascular disease, their symptoms, causes, prevention methods and medical treatments available to cure heart disease.
PVD neo
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is caused by a buildup of plaque in the arteries that reduces blood flow. It most commonly affects arteries in the legs. PVD is usually caused by atherosclerosis and is associated with risk factors like smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. Symptoms include leg pain when walking or at rest. Diagnosis involves tests like the ankle-brachial index. Treatment focuses on risk factor modification through exercise, medication, and lifestyle changes. More severe cases may require procedures like angioplasty, stents, or surgery to improve blood flow.
Prevention of heart disease
Heart disease is the number one killer worldwide. It is caused by a buildup of plaque in the arteries called atherosclerosis. Risk factors include age, family history, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption. The document provides guidelines for preventing heart disease through a healthy diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, regular exercise, not smoking, monitoring cholesterol and other health numbers, and controlling risk factors like high blood pressure and diabetes through lifestyle changes and medication if needed. Making incremental lifestyle changes can significantly reduce risk of heart disease over the long run.
Echo assessment of lv systolic function and swma
This document discusses various techniques for assessing left ventricular systolic function using echocardiography, including:
- Visual assessment of endocardial motion and wall thickening to evaluate global and regional function
- Quantitative measures like fractional shortening, ejection fraction, and volumes
- Tissue Doppler imaging of mitral annular velocities
- Tissue tracking and strain imaging to evaluate timing and extent of myocardial contraction
- Wall motion scoring to characterize regional abnormalities
Heart Diseases
Cardiovascular disease involves the heart and blood vessels, and is a major cause of disability. There are several types including coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. Risk factors include age, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, excessive alcohol, lack of exercise, and family history. Symptoms vary but screening tests can detect high cholesterol, blood pressure issues, and other problems. Prevention focuses on controlling blood pressure and cholesterol, not smoking, exercise, diet, and limiting alcohol. Cardiovascular diseases are currently the leading global cause of death and that number is projected to rise significantly by 2030 without improvements in prevention and treatment.
Repolarization ST wave Abnormalities
Repolarization ST wave Abnormalities
Precise guide for Allied Health Science Students especially cardiac specialty students, DGNM, B.Sc Nursing & M.Sc Nursing Students regarding Repolarization ST wave Abnormalities.
Student Work Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease where the heart muscle becomes abnormally thickened, making it harder for the heart to pump blood. It is usually inherited and symptoms can include chest pain, shortness of breath, fainting, and palpitations. The condition makes individuals prone to arrhythmias and heart failure. While medications and procedures like implantable defibrillators can help treatment, individuals with a family history of sudden cardiac death are at highest risk of complications from HCM.
Ecg
This document discusses various abnormalities that can be seen on electrocardiograms (ECGs). It covers rate abnormalities like tachycardia and bradycardia. It also discusses atrial and ventricular enlargements and the patterns they produce. Various rhythm abnormalities are outlined like junctional rhythm, idioventricular rhythm, and atrioventricular blocks. Bundle branch blocks and fascicular blocks are also described. The document then covers electrolyte disturbances and various arrhythmias including supraventricular arrhythmias, ventricular tachycardias, ventricular fibrillation, and patterns seen in myocardial infarction. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of ECG in identifying many heart conditions and changes.
Heart Vulvular diseases and heart sounds
This document discusses diseases of the heart valves, including causes, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, and management. It focuses on rheumatic heart disease as a common cause of valve disease. Rheumatic fever results from an immune response to streptococcal infection and can cause inflammation of the heart valves and tissues. Over time, this leads to valve stenosis or regurgitation. The major valves affected are the mitral and aortic valves. Clinical exam findings and imaging tests like echocardiogram are used to diagnose valve disease and determine severity. Treatment involves medications for symptoms as well as surgical procedures like valve repair or replacement in severe cases.
Epsilon wave in ECG
The epsilon wave is a small positive deflection (‘blip’ or ‘wiggle’) buried in the end of the QRS complex.
Epsilon waves are caused by postexcitation of the myocytes in the right ventricle.
Epsilon waves are the most characteristic finding in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD).
Here myocytes are replaced with fat, producing islands of viable myocytes in a sea of fat.
This causes a delay in excitation of some of the myocytes of the right ventricle and causes the little wiggles seen during the ST segment of the ECG.
PERCEPTIONS Vs REALITY: WOMEN AND HEART DISEASE
This document discusses perceptions and realities about women and heart disease. It notes that heart disease is the number one killer of women, yet they are less likely to be correctly diagnosed due to perceptions that heart disease primarily affects men and that women experience different symptoms than men. The document summarizes several risk factors for heart disease in women such as high cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, lack of exercise, and family history. It provides statistics on the prevalence of these conditions in women and how they can be managed through lifestyle changes and medical treatment to reduce heart disease risk.
Dressler’s Syndrome Case Report
Dresslers syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain, especially in patients at late stages of the progression of the ischemic process. Myocardial rupture is a rare event often associated with sudden death after myocardial infarction. This case report describes the 56 years age old man who present in persistent chest pain with radiating in shoulder and breathlessness with high grade fever. He had previously myocardial infraction in one month back and treated with reperfusion therapy and also history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus under medications. He finally diagnosed in evidence of ECG and CT findings. K Karpagam | Deepan M "Dressler’s Syndrome: Case Report" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd53868.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/53868/dressler’s-syndrome-case-report/k-karpagam
Hocm
This document contains information about hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). It begins with an overview of HOCM, defining it as a genetic heart condition characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy. It then discusses the pathophysiology of HOCM, focusing on left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, diastolic dysfunction, myocardial ischemia, and mitral regurgitation due to systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. The document outlines clinical manifestations such as symptoms, physical exam findings, ECG and echocardiographic features, and complications. It concludes by covering treatment options for HOCM including medications, surgical septal myectomy via transaortic or transapical approaches, and other procedures like alcohol septal
Minoca
Mr. Sajal, age 35, presented with chest pain for 5 hours. His ECG showed signs of myocardial infarction, but his coronary angiogram (CAG) revealed non-obstructive coronary arteries. This is known as myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). MINOCA can affect up to 14% of AMI patients, particularly younger patients and women. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) can identify the underlying cause in up to 87% of MINOCA cases. While initially thought to be benign, MINOCA carries similar mortality risks as MI with obstructive coronary artery disease. Identifying the specific cause through tests like CMR is important to determine the proper long-
Aortic disection
This document provides information about a seminar on aortic dissection presented by Monika Devi. It discusses the introduction, types, causes, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, complications and prevention of aortic dissection. The two main types are Type A, which involves the ascending aorta, and Type B, which only involves the descending aorta. Causes include high blood pressure, genetic conditions like Marfan syndrome, and traumatic injury. Symptoms can include chest pain and symptoms of a stroke. Treatment depends on the type but may involve medications to lower blood pressure or surgery to repair the tear in the aorta. Complications can include death, organ damage or stroke if not properly treated.
Ecg basics and interpretation
The document provides information about electrocardiograms (ECGs), including:
1. An ECG records and measures the electrical activity of the heart to aid in diagnosis of cardiac disorders. It describes the basic components of an ECG tracing and what each wave represents in assessing heart function.
2. A 12-lead ECG uses 10 electrodes placed on the limbs and chest to measure the heart's electrical activity from 12 different angles, while a rhythm strip shows activity from 1-2 leads.
3. Abnormal P waves, PR intervals, and other components can indicate conditions like atrial enlargement, conduction blocks, and abnormal rhythms.
Right ventricular infarction
This document discusses right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI). Some key points:
1. RVMI occurs in 30-50% of inferior wall ST-elevation MIs and 3-5% of MIs are isolated RVMI.
2. RVMI is associated with higher morbidity and mortality than LV MI due to hemodynamic and electrical complications in around 50% of cases.
3. Diagnosis of RVMI can be made based on ECG findings of ST elevation in leads V1-V3 and III>II, and echo findings of RV dilation, hypokinesis of the RV free wall, and elevated right-sided pressures.
4. Management of RVMI focuses on optimizing RV
update on sudden cardiac death in athletes and young generation
This document discusses updates on sudden cardiac death in athletes and young people. It begins by outlining the benefits of exercise but notes there are also small risks, particularly for those with underlying heart conditions. For young athletes, the main causes of sudden cardiac death are structural heart diseases like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, channelopathies (genetic arrhythmia conditions), and myocarditis. Screening aims to identify at-risk individuals to prevent lethal events. In adult athletes, coronary artery disease is the primary cause of death, and risk factors like genetics, inflammation and vascular factors can increase likelihood of issues.
Heart attack
A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, preventing the heart from receiving oxygen. This is usually due to a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries over many years. Eventually, plaque can rupture inside an artery and cause a blood clot that blocks blood flow. If the blockage is not quickly treated, the portion of heart muscle begins to die. Risk factors include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and family history. Diagnostic tests include ECGs, blood tests, and coronary angiography. Treatment focuses on restoring blood flow through clot-busting drugs or angioplasty to open the blocked artery.
Cardiovascular Disease and Public Health Promotion.pptx
Slide#3 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a general term that describes a disease of the heart or blood vessels.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally.
There are four main types of CVD. They are:
Coronary heart disease
Stroke
Peripheral arterial disease
Aortic disease
Slide#6 Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease:
Pericarditis
Cardiomyopathy
Heart valve disease
Arrhythmia
Peripheral vascular disease
Coronary heart disease
Aortic disease
Heart Failure
Slide# 9
Risk Factors:
Alcohol abuse
High Blood Pressure
Diabetes
Sedentary lifestyle
High cholesterol
Smoking
Slide# 12
STATINS:
Cholesterol-lowering drugs can lower the risk of heart attack by up to 25%.
BETA BLOCKERS:
These not only lower your blood pressure but also reduce heart rate, which means your ticker doesn’t need as much oxygen.
BLOOD THINNERS:
These are also known as anti-coagulants that prevent the formation of dangerous blood clots in your arteries.
LIFESTYLE CHANGES:
Improve your diet, exercising more, and giving up smoking are essential.
Slide#13
Cardiovascular Disease is a major cause of disability and premature death throughout the world.
Awareness of importance of exercise, fresh fruits and vegetables
Awareness about disadvantages of processed foods on heart health.
National Wear Red Day: Raising Awareness about Heart Health
Novel Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Atrial Fib...
This document summarizes the results of three major clinical trials that compared new oral anticoagulants to warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation:
- The RE-LY trial found that dabigatran 110mg and 150mg were as effective or more effective than warfarin in reducing stroke and systemic embolism.
- The ROCKET-AF trial found that rivaroxaban was non-inferior to warfarin in reducing stroke and systemic embolism.
- The ARISTOTLE trial found that apixaban was superior to warfarin in reducing stroke and systemic embolism.
All three new oral anticoagulants were associated with
Approach to syncope
Syncope is a transient loss of consciousness due to transient global cerebral hypoperfusion. It is characterized by rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous recovery. The most common causes are reflex-mediated syncope and orthostatic hypotension, which account for one-third of syncopal episodes. Evaluation involves detailed history taking and physical examination, including orthostatic vital signs and carotid sinus massage. Tilt table testing can be used to confirm neurogenic causes when initial evaluation is insufficient.
Mitral valve prolapse
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common heart valve abnormality where the mitral valve leaflets bulge into the left atrium during contraction. MVP affects around 2-3% of the population and can cause a range of symptoms from none to chest pain and palpitations. Diagnosis is made through auscultation of mid-systolic clicks and murmurs as well as echocardiography showing billowing of the mitral valve leaflets. While most cases are mild and asymptomatic, some patients develop complications like atrial fibrillation or worsening mitral regurgitation over time that may require surgery.
Non infarction Q waves
Non infarction Q waves
Precise guide for Allied Health Science Students especially cardiac specialty students, DGNM, B.Sc Nursing & M.Sc Nursing Students regarding Non Infarction Q waves
Echocardiographic Evaluation of LV Diastolic Function
The document discusses methods for evaluating left ventricular diastolic function using echocardiography. It describes the four phases of diastole, parameters used to assess diastolic function including mitral inflow patterns, mitral annular tissue Doppler, pulmonary vein flow, left atrial size and the Tei index. Grades of diastolic dysfunction and approaches from ASE/EAE and Mayo Clinic are summarized. Continuous wave Doppler of aortic regurgitation is also presented as a noninvasive method to evaluate left ventricular relaxation.
Youth Heart Impact 2011
The Youth HEART IMPACT! Scholarship Fund provides scholarships to middle school students for community service. The mission is to encourage youth involvement through acts that impact hearts and create lasting change. Students write essays on how they've impacted their community through service in the past year. Scholarships of $250 are awarded to one 7th and one 8th grade student each year based on their essays and teacher recommendations.
World heart day 2014
WORLD HEART DAY ,an initiative by WORLD HEART FEDERATION globally to spread awareness of CVD deaths,most of the deaths are preventable
More Related Content
What's hot
Repolarization ST wave Abnormalities
Repolarization ST wave Abnormalities
Precise guide for Allied Health Science Students especially cardiac specialty students, DGNM, B.Sc Nursing & M.Sc Nursing Students regarding Repolarization ST wave Abnormalities.
Student Work Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease where the heart muscle becomes abnormally thickened, making it harder for the heart to pump blood. It is usually inherited and symptoms can include chest pain, shortness of breath, fainting, and palpitations. The condition makes individuals prone to arrhythmias and heart failure. While medications and procedures like implantable defibrillators can help treatment, individuals with a family history of sudden cardiac death are at highest risk of complications from HCM.
Ecg
This document discusses various abnormalities that can be seen on electrocardiograms (ECGs). It covers rate abnormalities like tachycardia and bradycardia. It also discusses atrial and ventricular enlargements and the patterns they produce. Various rhythm abnormalities are outlined like junctional rhythm, idioventricular rhythm, and atrioventricular blocks. Bundle branch blocks and fascicular blocks are also described. The document then covers electrolyte disturbances and various arrhythmias including supraventricular arrhythmias, ventricular tachycardias, ventricular fibrillation, and patterns seen in myocardial infarction. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of ECG in identifying many heart conditions and changes.
Heart Vulvular diseases and heart sounds
This document discusses diseases of the heart valves, including causes, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, and management. It focuses on rheumatic heart disease as a common cause of valve disease. Rheumatic fever results from an immune response to streptococcal infection and can cause inflammation of the heart valves and tissues. Over time, this leads to valve stenosis or regurgitation. The major valves affected are the mitral and aortic valves. Clinical exam findings and imaging tests like echocardiogram are used to diagnose valve disease and determine severity. Treatment involves medications for symptoms as well as surgical procedures like valve repair or replacement in severe cases.
Epsilon wave in ECG
The epsilon wave is a small positive deflection (‘blip’ or ‘wiggle’) buried in the end of the QRS complex.
Epsilon waves are caused by postexcitation of the myocytes in the right ventricle.
Epsilon waves are the most characteristic finding in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD).
Here myocytes are replaced with fat, producing islands of viable myocytes in a sea of fat.
This causes a delay in excitation of some of the myocytes of the right ventricle and causes the little wiggles seen during the ST segment of the ECG.
PERCEPTIONS Vs REALITY: WOMEN AND HEART DISEASE
This document discusses perceptions and realities about women and heart disease. It notes that heart disease is the number one killer of women, yet they are less likely to be correctly diagnosed due to perceptions that heart disease primarily affects men and that women experience different symptoms than men. The document summarizes several risk factors for heart disease in women such as high cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, lack of exercise, and family history. It provides statistics on the prevalence of these conditions in women and how they can be managed through lifestyle changes and medical treatment to reduce heart disease risk.
Dressler’s Syndrome Case Report
Dresslers syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain, especially in patients at late stages of the progression of the ischemic process. Myocardial rupture is a rare event often associated with sudden death after myocardial infarction. This case report describes the 56 years age old man who present in persistent chest pain with radiating in shoulder and breathlessness with high grade fever. He had previously myocardial infraction in one month back and treated with reperfusion therapy and also history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus under medications. He finally diagnosed in evidence of ECG and CT findings. K Karpagam | Deepan M "Dressler’s Syndrome: Case Report" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd53868.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/53868/dressler’s-syndrome-case-report/k-karpagam
Hocm
This document contains information about hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). It begins with an overview of HOCM, defining it as a genetic heart condition characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy. It then discusses the pathophysiology of HOCM, focusing on left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, diastolic dysfunction, myocardial ischemia, and mitral regurgitation due to systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. The document outlines clinical manifestations such as symptoms, physical exam findings, ECG and echocardiographic features, and complications. It concludes by covering treatment options for HOCM including medications, surgical septal myectomy via transaortic or transapical approaches, and other procedures like alcohol septal
Minoca
Mr. Sajal, age 35, presented with chest pain for 5 hours. His ECG showed signs of myocardial infarction, but his coronary angiogram (CAG) revealed non-obstructive coronary arteries. This is known as myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). MINOCA can affect up to 14% of AMI patients, particularly younger patients and women. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) can identify the underlying cause in up to 87% of MINOCA cases. While initially thought to be benign, MINOCA carries similar mortality risks as MI with obstructive coronary artery disease. Identifying the specific cause through tests like CMR is important to determine the proper long-
Aortic disection
This document provides information about a seminar on aortic dissection presented by Monika Devi. It discusses the introduction, types, causes, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, complications and prevention of aortic dissection. The two main types are Type A, which involves the ascending aorta, and Type B, which only involves the descending aorta. Causes include high blood pressure, genetic conditions like Marfan syndrome, and traumatic injury. Symptoms can include chest pain and symptoms of a stroke. Treatment depends on the type but may involve medications to lower blood pressure or surgery to repair the tear in the aorta. Complications can include death, organ damage or stroke if not properly treated.
Ecg basics and interpretation
The document provides information about electrocardiograms (ECGs), including:
1. An ECG records and measures the electrical activity of the heart to aid in diagnosis of cardiac disorders. It describes the basic components of an ECG tracing and what each wave represents in assessing heart function.
2. A 12-lead ECG uses 10 electrodes placed on the limbs and chest to measure the heart's electrical activity from 12 different angles, while a rhythm strip shows activity from 1-2 leads.
3. Abnormal P waves, PR intervals, and other components can indicate conditions like atrial enlargement, conduction blocks, and abnormal rhythms.
Right ventricular infarction
This document discusses right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI). Some key points:
1. RVMI occurs in 30-50% of inferior wall ST-elevation MIs and 3-5% of MIs are isolated RVMI.
2. RVMI is associated with higher morbidity and mortality than LV MI due to hemodynamic and electrical complications in around 50% of cases.
3. Diagnosis of RVMI can be made based on ECG findings of ST elevation in leads V1-V3 and III>II, and echo findings of RV dilation, hypokinesis of the RV free wall, and elevated right-sided pressures.
4. Management of RVMI focuses on optimizing RV
update on sudden cardiac death in athletes and young generation
This document discusses updates on sudden cardiac death in athletes and young people. It begins by outlining the benefits of exercise but notes there are also small risks, particularly for those with underlying heart conditions. For young athletes, the main causes of sudden cardiac death are structural heart diseases like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, channelopathies (genetic arrhythmia conditions), and myocarditis. Screening aims to identify at-risk individuals to prevent lethal events. In adult athletes, coronary artery disease is the primary cause of death, and risk factors like genetics, inflammation and vascular factors can increase likelihood of issues.
Heart attack
A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, preventing the heart from receiving oxygen. This is usually due to a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries over many years. Eventually, plaque can rupture inside an artery and cause a blood clot that blocks blood flow. If the blockage is not quickly treated, the portion of heart muscle begins to die. Risk factors include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and family history. Diagnostic tests include ECGs, blood tests, and coronary angiography. Treatment focuses on restoring blood flow through clot-busting drugs or angioplasty to open the blocked artery.
Cardiovascular Disease and Public Health Promotion.pptx
Slide#3 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a general term that describes a disease of the heart or blood vessels.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally.
There are four main types of CVD. They are:
Coronary heart disease
Stroke
Peripheral arterial disease
Aortic disease
Slide#6 Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease:
Pericarditis
Cardiomyopathy
Heart valve disease
Arrhythmia
Peripheral vascular disease
Coronary heart disease
Aortic disease
Heart Failure
Slide# 9
Risk Factors:
Alcohol abuse
High Blood Pressure
Diabetes
Sedentary lifestyle
High cholesterol
Smoking
Slide# 12
STATINS:
Cholesterol-lowering drugs can lower the risk of heart attack by up to 25%.
BETA BLOCKERS:
These not only lower your blood pressure but also reduce heart rate, which means your ticker doesn’t need as much oxygen.
BLOOD THINNERS:
These are also known as anti-coagulants that prevent the formation of dangerous blood clots in your arteries.
LIFESTYLE CHANGES:
Improve your diet, exercising more, and giving up smoking are essential.
Slide#13
Cardiovascular Disease is a major cause of disability and premature death throughout the world.
Awareness of importance of exercise, fresh fruits and vegetables
Awareness about disadvantages of processed foods on heart health.
National Wear Red Day: Raising Awareness about Heart Health
Novel Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Atrial Fib...
This document summarizes the results of three major clinical trials that compared new oral anticoagulants to warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation:
- The RE-LY trial found that dabigatran 110mg and 150mg were as effective or more effective than warfarin in reducing stroke and systemic embolism.
- The ROCKET-AF trial found that rivaroxaban was non-inferior to warfarin in reducing stroke and systemic embolism.
- The ARISTOTLE trial found that apixaban was superior to warfarin in reducing stroke and systemic embolism.
All three new oral anticoagulants were associated with
Approach to syncope
Syncope is a transient loss of consciousness due to transient global cerebral hypoperfusion. It is characterized by rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous recovery. The most common causes are reflex-mediated syncope and orthostatic hypotension, which account for one-third of syncopal episodes. Evaluation involves detailed history taking and physical examination, including orthostatic vital signs and carotid sinus massage. Tilt table testing can be used to confirm neurogenic causes when initial evaluation is insufficient.
Mitral valve prolapse
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common heart valve abnormality where the mitral valve leaflets bulge into the left atrium during contraction. MVP affects around 2-3% of the population and can cause a range of symptoms from none to chest pain and palpitations. Diagnosis is made through auscultation of mid-systolic clicks and murmurs as well as echocardiography showing billowing of the mitral valve leaflets. While most cases are mild and asymptomatic, some patients develop complications like atrial fibrillation or worsening mitral regurgitation over time that may require surgery.
Non infarction Q waves
Non infarction Q waves
Precise guide for Allied Health Science Students especially cardiac specialty students, DGNM, B.Sc Nursing & M.Sc Nursing Students regarding Non Infarction Q waves
Echocardiographic Evaluation of LV Diastolic Function
The document discusses methods for evaluating left ventricular diastolic function using echocardiography. It describes the four phases of diastole, parameters used to assess diastolic function including mitral inflow patterns, mitral annular tissue Doppler, pulmonary vein flow, left atrial size and the Tei index. Grades of diastolic dysfunction and approaches from ASE/EAE and Mayo Clinic are summarized. Continuous wave Doppler of aortic regurgitation is also presented as a noninvasive method to evaluate left ventricular relaxation.
What's hot (20)
update on sudden cardiac death in athletes and young generation
update on sudden cardiac death in athletes and young generation
Cardiovascular Disease and Public Health Promotion.pptx
Cardiovascular Disease and Public Health Promotion.pptx
Novel Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Atrial Fib...
Novel Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Atrial Fib...
Echocardiographic Evaluation of LV Diastolic Function
Echocardiographic Evaluation of LV Diastolic Function
Viewers also liked
Youth Heart Impact 2011
The Youth HEART IMPACT! Scholarship Fund provides scholarships to middle school students for community service. The mission is to encourage youth involvement through acts that impact hearts and create lasting change. Students write essays on how they've impacted their community through service in the past year. Scholarships of $250 are awarded to one 7th and one 8th grade student each year based on their essays and teacher recommendations.
World heart day 2014
WORLD HEART DAY ,an initiative by WORLD HEART FEDERATION globally to spread awareness of CVD deaths,most of the deaths are preventable
Heart Health Nutrition
February is American Heart Health month. Learn how nutrition can help your heart keep on beating.
World heart day
Key pointers for Healthy Heart Living, Do's and Do'nts for Heart Care and Emergency care for heart strokes
Common Types of Heart Disease
This document discusses common types of heart disease, their symptoms, and risk factors. It describes congestive heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and coronary artery disease - conditions caused by blockages or narrowing of the arteries that reduce blood flow. The document provides an overview of heart disease and signs of infection, and directs readers to a website for more information on types of heart conditions.
Preventing Heart Disease - Statistics, Risk Factors and Prevention Guidelines
The document contains 30 lines that are all identical copyright notices from 2012 attributed to MapsofWorld.com. It does not contain any other substantive information.
heart attack prevention & heart healthy environment & foods
World Heart Day is observed annually on September 29th to raise awareness about cardiovascular diseases. It was founded in 2000 by the World Heart Federation to educate people that heart disease and stroke are the leading causes of death worldwide, claiming over 17 million lives each year. The 2014 theme is creating heart-healthy environments by addressing factors like access to healthy foods and smoke-free public places that influence heart health. The document provides information on heart anatomy and function, types of heart diseases, risk factors, and strategies for prevention like maintaining a healthy weight, diet, exercise, managing stress, not smoking, and seeing a doctor regularly.
Heart Disease
Heart disease is the number one cause of death worldwide. It is caused by a buildup of fatty deposits called plaque in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. This buildup is known as atherosclerosis and can lead to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include age, family history, high cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and physical inactivity. To prevent heart disease, one should eat a healthy diet low in fat and cholesterol, exercise regularly, maintain a healthy weight, not smoke, control blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and see a doctor to monitor risk factors. Making lifestyle changes can significantly reduce risk and help live a longer, healthier life.
Healthy Heart
Ways to Keep a Heart Healthy
__________________________
To remain healthy, you must be able to work and to love.
- Theodor Reik
Viewers also liked (9)
Preventing Heart Disease - Statistics, Risk Factors and Prevention Guidelines
Preventing Heart Disease - Statistics, Risk Factors and Prevention Guidelines
heart attack prevention & heart healthy environment & foods
heart attack prevention & heart healthy environment & foods
Similar to Heart DIsease in youth
Cardiovascular emergencies version 2
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. The document discusses signs and symptoms of various cardiovascular emergencies like myocardial infarction, angina, cardiogenic shock, and congestive heart failure. It also covers assessment of chest pain, including gathering a history and performing a physical exam to determine the likely cause and guide treatment and transport. The goal is to identify life threats and provide care to stabilize the patient while expediting transport to a hospital.
Cardiovascular Emergencies
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, responsible for over 1 million deaths in 2004. Sudden cardiac death accounts for over 40% of cardiovascular deaths. The patient is a 67-year-old male experiencing crushing chest pressure radiating to his jaw, accompanied by shortness of breath and nausea, with no previous cardiac history. Based on the patient's symptoms and risk factors, the emergency responder suspects the patient may be experiencing an acute myocardial infarction.
Heart Disease and Heart Rhythm Management
Heart Health Initiative is a project for educating consumers world wide about the importance of combating cardiovascular disease.
Approach to patient with congenital heart disease
Congenital heart diseases are defects present at birth that involve the structure of the heart and blood vessels. Common signs that may indicate congenital heart disease include cyanosis, respiratory distress, poor peripheral perfusion, heart murmurs, and abnormal heart sounds. The document discusses the incidence, classification, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment approaches for various types of congenital heart defects, including ventricular septal defects, atrial septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot, and coarctation of the aorta.
Congestive heart failure
This document provides information on congestive heart failure (CHF), also known as congestive cardiac failure (CCF). It discusses the definition, types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and surgical management of CHF. The main types are left-sided, right-sided, and biventricular failure. Causes include high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, heart attack, and diabetes. Symptoms depend on the type but commonly include shortness of breath, swelling, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like echocardiograms, and stress tests. Treatment focuses on medications, lifestyle changes, and may include surgery like coronary artery bypass grafting.
Cardiacpathologies
This document discusses several cardiac pathologies including coronary artery disease, hypertensive heart disease, congenital heart defects, valve diseases, heart infections, anemia, and sickle cell anemia. Coronary artery disease is caused by a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries which can lead to chest pain, heart attack, and death. Congenital defects like tetralogy of fallot involve multiple abnormalities present from birth that cause symptoms like shortness of breath. Valve diseases can involve stenosis where valves are too narrow or insufficiency where valves allow backflow of blood. Rheumatic fever can cause scarring of heart valves. Infections like endocarditis involve inflammation of the inner heart lining. Anem
CVD.pptx
The document discusses cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. It defines cardiovascular disease as conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels, and lists some major types of CVD like coronary artery disease, heart attacks, heart failure, and strokes. It then discusses general risk factors for CVD like high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, and family history. The document also outlines some common symptoms of CVD like chest pain and shortness of breath. Finally, it defines hypertension as high blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg and notes it can lead to organ damage and illnesses if not controlled.
CHD Clinical approach.pdf
This document provides guidance on diagnosing cyanotic congenital heart disease through a practical clinical approach. It emphasizes the importance of suspecting heart disease in any child who does not clearly fit the initial diagnosis, and in any child with significant desaturation. Key clues from history, examination, chest X-ray and ECG are discussed. The approach is age-oriented, focusing on duct-dependent lesions in neonates and classifying lesions based on cyanosis and pulmonary blood flow in infants. A functional classification of hemodynamic effects is prioritized over anatomical diagnosis. Early diagnosis of duct-dependent lesions or signs of low cardiac output is critical to prevent deterioration.
Approach to cyanotic congenital heart disease
This document provides guidance on diagnosing cyanotic congenital heart disease through a practical clinical approach. It emphasizes the importance of suspecting heart disease in any child who does not clearly fit the initial diagnosis or has significant desaturation. Key signs to look for include cyanosis, differential pulse oximetry readings, and clues from chest X-ray and ECG. The approach involves classifying heart defects based on hemodynamics like pulmonary blood flow and systemic saturation. For neonates, focus is on duct-dependent lesions presenting with cyanosis or shock. Beyond the neonatal period, diagnosis involves assessing cyanosis and pulmonary congestion to identify lesions like left-to-right shunts, tetralogy of Fallot physiology,
Cardiac emergency ppt
This document discusses cardiac emergencies including angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and congestive cardiac failure. It defines each condition, lists causes and risk factors, describes signs and symptoms, outlines diagnostic tests and treatment options, discusses complications, and provides nursing management guidelines. Angina is chest pain due to decreased blood flow to the heart while myocardial infarction and congestive cardiac failure involve the heart's inability to pump sufficiently due to disease or damage. Prompt recognition and treatment are important to save lives during these deadly emergencies.
Chest pain.pptx
Chest pain is a common presenting complaint that can be caused by many cardiac and non-cardiac conditions. A thorough history, physical exam, EKG, biomarkers, imaging and stress testing are often needed to determine the underlying cause. The differential diagnosis includes acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary embolism, aortic dissection, pneumonia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, musculoskeletal disorders and anxiety. Location, radiation, relieving/worsening factors, associated symptoms and risk factors can help distinguish between potential life-threatening versus more benign causes of chest pain.
Cardiology 1.1. Chest pain - by Dr. Farjad Ikram
Introduction to one of the most common symptoms that can represent a wide range of diseases, from benign to life-threatening, covering number of systems including gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, musculoskeletal and psychiatric. Includes a brief explanation of anti-anginal therapy.
Template design credits - http://www.slidescarnival.com
Congintal heart defect.pptx
Congenital heart defects are abnormalities in the heart's structure that are present at birth. They range from simple defects with no symptoms to complex defects that are life-threatening. They affect about 8 in 1,000 newborns. Some defects require immediate medical care, while others need no treatment or can be easily fixed. Common types include atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot, coarctation of the aorta, and patent ductus arteriosus. Treatment options depend on the size and severity of the defect, and may include medications, cardiac catheterization, or open-heart surgery.
Heart Failure
Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can develop over time as the heart's pumping action weakens due to conditions like coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes damaging the heart. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, reducing symptoms, and preventing worsening through lifestyle changes, medications, medical procedures if needed, and ongoing monitoring.
congestive heart failure
Congestive heart failure (CHF), also known as heart failure, is a condition where the heart muscle is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. It is classified by the New York Heart Association system from Class I (no symptoms) to Class IV (symptoms at rest). The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association categorizes heart failure into four stages from asymptomatic structural heart disease to end-stage disease. Common causes include ischemic heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Symptoms vary depending on whether the left or right side of the heart is affected but may include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling and coughing. Diagnosis involves imaging, blood tests and physical exams.
Tetralogy of Fallot - Case Presentation
This document presents the case of a 4-year-old boy with tetralogy of Fallot. The key details are:
- He has had cyanosis, breathlessness and fainting episodes since infancy.
- Examination found cyanosis, clubbing and a grade IV/VI systolic murmur. Echocardiogram showed severe pulmonary stenosis, VSD, and RV hypertrophy consistent with tetralogy of Fallot.
- If left untreated, tetralogy of Fallot can cause serious complications like strokes from anoxic spells or cerebral thrombosis. Surgical repair is usually recommended in childhood.
Assessment of the Cardiovascular system.pptx
This document provides information on assessing the cardiovascular system. It discusses taking a history and performing a physical exam, including inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation of the heart and vessels. Key assessment techniques are outlined, such as evaluating jugular vein pulsation to determine central venous pressure. Common physical findings related to cardiovascular conditions are also described.
Acynotic congenital heart disease 2021
This document discusses acyanotic congenital heart disease. It classifies acyanotic defects into left-to-right shunts including ventricular septal defects (VSD), atrial septal defects (ASD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). It also discusses obstructive lesions such as aortic stenosis and pulmonary stenosis. The document provides details on the prevalence, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of VSD and PDA. VSD is the most common congenital heart defect, presenting with heart murmur and signs of heart failure. PDA presents with murmur and respiratory distress. Both are diagnosed by echocardiogram and managed medically or surgically.
Cardiac Emergencies
This document provides an overview of cardiac emergencies for nurses. It begins with definitions of medical and cardiovascular emergencies. It then covers assessment of the cardiovascular system, ECG interpretation, common rhythm disturbances like tachycardias and bradycardias, and treatment protocols for cardiac arrest, chest pain, acute coronary syndrome, and other conditions. Nursing interventions are described for monitoring, medication administration, and supporting patients experiencing cardiovascular emergencies.
Lecture slides - Differential diagnosis
This document provides information on differential diagnosis and interpreting electrocardiograms (ECGs). It discusses how differential diagnosis is a dynamic process that involves considering multiple potential diagnoses based on a patient's symptoms, risk factors, and test results. It warns of cognitive biases that can lead physicians to prematurely conclude a diagnosis. The document also reviews the basic components of an ECG waveform and normal values. It provides examples of abnormal heart rhythms like ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. Finally, it outlines typical ECG changes that occur over time in patients experiencing a heart attack.
Similar to Heart DIsease in youth (20)
More from isakakinada
Patient safety During Anesthesia
1) Anesthesia safety has greatly improved over time, with mortality decreasing from 1 in 5,000 anesthetics in the 1970s to 1 in 200,000-300,000 in 1999. Current trends show further decreases in complication rates.
2) Factors influencing anesthesia risk include patient status, procedure invasiveness, facility resources and equipment, and the skills of the anesthesiologist and surgeon. Monitoring equipment, safer drugs and equipment, airway management skills, and adherence to guidelines have all contributed to increased safety.
3) Anesthesiology is considered a high-risk specialty, but patients have a higher chance of dying from a car accident than from general anesthesia according to WHO statistics. Contin
MP Journal Of Anesthesiology Vol 1
1. Chronic spinal pain is difficult to diagnose due to its multifactorial nature and lack of universally accepted diagnostic standards. Accurate diagnosis is important to determine appropriate treatment.
2. Controlled diagnostic injection techniques, including facet joint injections, sacroiliac joint injections, and discography, allow accurate diagnosis in 85% of patients compared to 15% with standard clinical evaluation alone.
3. Consistency in patient response to injections using anesthetics with different durations of action helps validate the accuracy of these diagnostic techniques by ruling out false positives. Controlled diagnostic injections remain the best available tool to identify specific spinal structures causing pain.
Anesthesia for non Obstetric Surgery in Pregnancy
This document discusses anaesthesia considerations for non-obstetric surgery during pregnancy. It notes that while no anaesthetic agents have been proven to be teratogenic in humans, surgery can increase risks of preterm labour, abortion, or perturbations in uteroplacental blood flow that could impact the fetus. It emphasizes the importance of consulting an obstetrician prior to any invasive procedures or surgery during pregnancy due to their expertise in maternal-fetal physiology. Regional anaesthesia is generally preferred over general anaesthesia when possible.
Madhya pradesh journal 04 nov 2014
This document contains messages and information about an upcoming CME & workshop in 2009. It includes messages from Dr. S.S.C. Chakra Rao, President of ISA-National, Dr. M.V. Bhimeswar, Honorary Secretary of ISA-National, and Dr. S Bala Bhaskar, Editor of the Indian Journal of Anaesthesia expressing support for the workshop and journal being launched by the Madhya Pradesh chapter of the Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists. It also contains the names and contact information of the office bearers for the Madhya Pradesh chapter for 2013-2014. The bulk of the document consists of papers and summaries of presentations to be
Practicing anesthesiologist high rezo
The document discusses the history and advancements in the field of anesthesia. It begins by noting how anesthesia has progressed significantly from its early days of having no monitoring equipment. The first successful use of anesthesia in 1846 by William Morton had no ECG, pulse oximetry, capnography, or intravenous infusion. It then discusses how technology has further advanced anesthesia practice, with major differences seen within just 4 decades. For example, the first heart transplant in 1968 was performed without pulse oximetry or capnography. The document emphasizes that despite technological assistance, anesthesiologists still face increasing pressures and challenges due to a growing population with complex cases and budget constraints. It stresses the importance of the anesthesiologist working
Perioperative cardiac pharmacology
This document discusses the perioperative management of patients taking cardiac medications. It notes that physiological changes during surgery can impact drug requirements and interactions. It provides recommendations for managing common cardiac drugs like beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, nitrates, and antiplatelet drugs in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods. The role of the anesthesiologist is highlighted in carefully continuing or stopping medications based on each drug's pharmacokinetics to avoid complications from withdrawal or interactions.
Anaesthesia for liver transplantation
Liver transplantation involves complex anesthesia management due to physiological changes from cirrhosis and transplantation. Key aspects include invasive hemodynamic monitoring, management of coagulopathy and fluid shifts, and intensive care of recipients post-operatively due to risks of primary nonfunction, bleeding, infection and renal failure. Outcomes have improved dramatically with advances like cyclosporine in 1979 and living donor transplantation, with 1-year survival rates now over 90% for liver transplantation.
Long case pregnancy with mitral stenosis sandeep kumar kar
This document describes the case of a 25-year-old pregnant woman with mitral stenosis who is admitted in active labor. She has a history of rheumatic fever as a child and has been diagnosed with mitral stenosis since age 15. On examination, she has signs of mild mitral stenosis including a diastolic thrill and murmur. Her pregnancy is considered high risk due to the increased burden on her heart from the enlarged uterus and blood volume. She requires careful anesthetic management during delivery due to the risk of decompensation from her mitral stenosis.
obstetric emergencies
This document discusses various obstetric emergencies that may require immediate cesarean delivery, including fetal distress, placental abruption, placenta previa, and uterine rupture. It provides information on anesthesia considerations for emergency cesarean sections, including the choice between regional (epidural or spinal) versus general anesthesia based on urgency, maternal volume status, and coagulation status. Risks of general anesthesia are generally higher than regional anesthesia for cesarean deliveries. The document also reviews complications of placenta previa, placenta accreta, retained placenta, and uterine atony that may require treatment.
Quaic intensive-care-unit-empirical-anti-treatment-guidelines
1. The document provides guidelines for empirical antimicrobial treatment in intensive care units, with a focus on prompt, targeted treatment to reduce antibiotic exposure and resistance.
2. It outlines principles for antimicrobial prescribing including selecting empirical agents based on local resistance patterns, limiting treatment duration, and obtaining infectious diseases input for de-escalation.
3. Guidance is provided for investigating potential infection sources and detecting bloodstream infections, as well as managing common community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections that may present in ICUs.
Antibiotic Dosing in critical care Catherine mc kenzie
- Antibiotics should be administered within the first hour of recognizing severe sepsis or septic shock. Broad-spectrum antibiotics with good penetration of the suspected infection site should be used.
- The antibiotic regimen should be reassessed daily to optimize efficacy, prevent resistance, avoid toxicity, and minimize costs. Extended or continuous infusions of beta-lactam antibiotics may improve outcomes for critically ill patients, especially those with infection from less susceptible organisms.
- Proper dosing of antibiotics in critical care requires considering each patient's individual situation and balancing optimal treatment with minimizing harm from adverse events like toxicity.
Antibiotics a rational approach in the icu
This document discusses the importance of initial appropriate antibiotic therapy for critically ill patients with serious infections. It emphasizes that inadequate or delayed antibiotic therapy is associated with increased mortality. The principles of selecting initial empiric therapy include considering local susceptibility patterns, prior antibiotic use, and risk factors for resistance. Broad-spectrum combination therapy may be warranted initially for certain infection types and patients, with the goal of de-escalating therapy as pathogens are identified to improve outcomes while minimizing antibiotic resistance. Timely administration of antibiotics, within 1-3 hours of suspicion of infection, is also vital.
Vaporizers dr. anju bhalotra
This document defines key concepts related to vaporisers such as vapor, vapor pressure, boiling point, and defines a vaporiser as an instrument that facilitates the change of a liquid anaesthetic into a vapor and adds a controlled amount to gas flow. It discusses factors that affect vaporiser performance such as carrier gas composition, temperature, back pressure and flow rate. It also classified vaporisers based on methods of regulating concentration and vaporization, and location in the breathing system. Modifications to vaporisers to address issues related to back pressure are described.
Ventilatory strategies in ARDS
This document discusses various ventilatory strategies for treating ALI/ARDS, including:
- Using low tidal volumes (6 ml/kg) instead of conventional volumes to decrease mortality.
- Using PEEP to recruit collapsed lung units and prevent atelectrauma.
- Pressure-controlled ventilation to limit peak pressures while maintaining oxygenation.
- Permissive hypercapnia to decrease lung injury even if it increases CO2 levels.
- Prone positioning and recruitment maneuvers to improve oxygenation by opening collapsed alveoli.
- High frequency ventilation and airway pressure release ventilation as rescue therapies.
Difficults airway
This document discusses the management of difficult airways. It begins with definitions of difficult airway situations according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists. It then discusses the prevalence, causes, and basic airway evaluation including the "Lemon Law" assessment. Management plans for anticipated difficult airways including having alternative intubation techniques ("Plan B" and "C") are covered. A gallery of tools for difficult intubation including different laryngoscope blades, supraglottic airways, and fiberoptic intubation are presented. The document concludes with discussions on unexpected difficult airways, the ASA difficult airway algorithm, and emphasizes being prepared with alternative intubation methods.
Difficult airway
This document discusses the assessment and management of difficult airways. It defines a difficult airway as one where adequate ventilation cannot be achieved with a mask or oxygen saturation cannot be maintained above 90%. It notes the prevalence of difficult airways is about 1 in 10,000 cases in general surgery and 1 in 300 in obstetrics. Basic airway evaluation involves examining the patient's history, neck, face, jaw movement, and oropharynx. The document outlines causes of difficult intubation related to both the anesthesiologist and patient factors. It emphasizes the importance of advance planning, having backup equipment and senior support available when anticipating a difficult airway. Various airway devices and techniques are presented for managing both anticipated and
Difficult airway managemnt
Difficult Airway Management describes the challenges of managing difficult airways in emergency departments. Factors that can make intubation difficult include limited pre-procedure evaluation, hypoxia, and dynamic medical conditions in non-controlled settings. Predicting difficult airways involves considering history of conditions like small mouths or infections and performing a physical exam including the Mallampati score, thyromental distance, and neck mobility. Management involves having an emergency airway trolley with various equipment available, using the most senior staff, delivering oxygen, and following an emergency airway algorithm that may include alternative techniques like laryngeal masks, fiberoptic intubation, or surgical airway as a last resort.
Preoperative assessment
The document discusses performing a pre-operative assessment of surgical patients to identify medical risks and stratify cardiac risk, outlines factors that increase perioperative cardiovascular risk including patient comorbidities, surgery type and functional status, and recommends tests and treatments to optimize patient safety for anesthesia and surgery.
Diabetes presentation rakesh kumar
The document discusses diagnostic criteria and management considerations for diabetes mellitus. It provides the diagnostic yardsticks as a fasting blood sugar greater than 126 mg/dL or a random blood sugar greater than 180 mg/dL. It also discusses impaired fasting glycemia as a fasting blood sugar between 100-126 mg/dL. The document outlines factors to consider in the perioperative management of diabetes such as the type of diabetes, medications, end-organ changes, surgery details, and level of glycemic control.
More from isakakinada (20)
Long case pregnancy with mitral stenosis sandeep kumar kar
Long case pregnancy with mitral stenosis sandeep kumar kar
Quaic intensive-care-unit-empirical-anti-treatment-guidelines
Quaic intensive-care-unit-empirical-anti-treatment-guidelines
Antibiotic Dosing in critical care Catherine mc kenzie
Antibiotic Dosing in critical care Catherine mc kenzie
Recently uploaded
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
What is Obesity? How to overcome Obesity?
Obesity is a chronic complex disease defined by excessive fat deposits that can impair health.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s Perspective
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Patellar Instability: Diagnosis Management
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
Visit Us: https://drdeepikashomeopathy.com/service/irregular-periods-treatment/
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Challenges associated with ageing from a public health perspective
NARCOTICS- POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR ITS USE
This document outlines policies and procedures for handling narcotic and controlled drugs in NABH accredited hospitals.
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montrealDemystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Fallopian tube blockage may cause female infertility. For treatment, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a solution.
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
Recently uploaded (20)
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
Heart DIsease in youth
- 1. Heart Diseases in Youth Dr Ambrish Patel
- 2. For A college student heart is like this
- 4. For a Heart surgeon Heart is like this
- 6. Why does it matter to me??? • In last 5 -6 years we have done more than 2000 cardiac surgeries • And out of those 700 (almost 1/3rd ) people were under 40 yrs of age • There were more than 40 coronary bypass of people less than 40 yrs of age • One CABG was 27 years of age
- 7. Heart is a machine which never rests
- 10. Types Of Heart Disease • From Birth –Holes –Tight Valves –Wrong connections • Later in Life –Valve –coronary
- 11. Hole in Heart
- 12. VSD
- 13. Tetralogy
- 14. PDA
- 17. Symptoms • • • • • Difficulty in Breathing with Exertion Easy fatiguabitity Palpitations Bluishness of Nails – picture of clubbing Recurrent cough and cold
- 18. ECHO
- 19. Can we prevent Congenital / Valvular Disease • Sonography in pregnancy • Don’t take routine cough cold lightly
- 35. Symptoms of coronary disease • • • • Difficulty in breathing on normal exertion. Pain in chest, on exertion. Pain in upper back, throat or left arm. A feeling of tightness in chest along with sweating.
- 36. How to Avoid Heart Disease