Heart Activity, ECG and all the parameters related to HCI and Affective Computing. In order to discuss about the Heart Activity and the ECG we need to start from the Cardiovascular System, whose main function is that of transporting substances along the organism.

1. Heart Activity and ECG
Francesco Bonadiman
18 December 2014
[diabetesmine.com]

2. Cardiovascular System?
2/29
[anatomylist.com]

3. Cardiovascular System?
2/29
[anatomylist.com]

4. Cardiovascular System
3/29
[interactive-biology.com]

5. Cardiovascular System
3/29
[interactive-biology.com]
Heart = pump

6. Cardiovascular System
3/29
[interactive-biology.com]
Heart = pump
Vasculature = distributes the blood to all tissues

7. Cardiovascular System
3/29
[interactive-biology.com]
Heart = pump
Vasculature = distributes the blood to all tissues
Blood

8. Transport in the Cardiovascular System
4/29
[Pearson Education]

9. Transport in the Cardiovascular System
4/29
[Pearson Education]

10. Transport in the Cardiovascular System
4/29
[Pearson Education]

11. Transport in the Cardiovascular System
4/29
[Pearson Education]

12. Transport in the Cardiovascular System
4/29
[Pearson Education]

13. 5/29
Double circuit
[biology-forums.com]

14. 5/29
Double circuit
[biology-forums.com]

15. 5/29
Double circuit
[biology-forums.com]

16. 6/29
[McGraw-Hill]
A closer look

17. 6/29
[McGraw-Hill]
A closer look

18. 6/29
[McGraw-Hill]
A closer look

19. 6/29
[McGraw-Hill]
A closer look

20. 6/29
[McGraw-Hill]
A closer look

21. 6/29
[McGraw-Hill]
A closer look

22. 6/29
[McGraw-Hill]
A closer look

23. 6/29
[McGraw-Hill]
A closer look

24. 6/29
[McGraw-Hill]
A closer look
Check this link!

25. Blood vessels
7/29
[McGraw-Hill]

26. Blood vessels
7/29
[McGraw-Hill]
0² + nutrients into tissues metabolic wastes from body

27. Blood vessels
7/29
[McGraw-Hill]
0² + nutrients into tissues metabolic wastes from body
100.000 km of vessels

28. Location
8/29
[studyblue.com]

29. Location
8/29
[studyblue.com]
ahead of esophagus
middle of the lungs

30. Location
8/29
[studyblue.com]
ahead of esophagus
middle of the lungs
base up behind the sternum apex down near the diaphragm

31. Pericardium
9/29
[Dr. S. Venkatesan]

32. Pericardium
9/29
[Dr. S. Venkatesan]
double-layered sac covering the heart

33. Pericardium
9/29
[Dr. S. Venkatesan]
double-layered sac covering the heart
outer: protects + anchors the heart

34. Pericardium
9/29
[Dr. S. Venkatesan]
double-layered sac covering the heart
outer: protects + anchors the heart
inner (epicardium): thin membrane attached to wall

35. Pericardium
9/29
[Dr. S. Venkatesan]
double-layered sac covering the heart
outer: protects + anchors the heart
inner (epicardium): thin membrane attached to wall
lubricating fluid reduces friction

36. Pericardium
9/29
[Dr. S. Venkatesan]
double-layered sac covering the heart
outer: protects + anchors the heart
inner (epicardium): thin membrane attached to wall
Coronary arteries/veins → vessels bringing blood to myocardium
lubricating fluid reduces friction

37. Pericardium
9/29
[Dr. S. Venkatesan]
double-layered sac covering the heart
outer: protects + anchors the heart
inner (epicardium): thin membrane attached to wall
Coronary arteries/veins → vessels bringing blood to myocardium
lubricating fluid reduces friction
[yourprops.com]

38. Open Heart
10/29
[Krieger Science]

39. 11/29
[anatomylist.com]
The Heart

40. 11/29
[anatomylist.com]
The Heart
4 chambers
2 atria
2 ventricles

41. 11/29
[anatomylist.com]
The Heart
4 chambers
2 atria
2 ventricles

42. 11/29
[anatomylist.com]
The Heart
4 chambers
2 atria
2 ventricles
right and left do not communicate

43. 11/29
[anatomylist.com]
The Heart
4 chambers
2 atria
2 ventricles
right and left do not communicate

44. 12/29
[tokresource.org]

45. 12/29
[tokresource.org]
intercalated discs on the myocardium

46. 12/29
[tokresource.org]
intercalated discs on the myocardium
synchronized contraction

47. 12/29
[tokresource.org]
intercalated discs on the myocardium
synchronized contraction
4 valves:
2 AV
2 SL

48. 12/29
[tokresource.org]
intercalated discs on the myocardium
synchronized contraction
4 valves:
2 AV
2 SL

49. 12/29
[tokresource.org]
intercalated discs on the myocardium
synchronized contraction
4 valves:
2 AV
2 SL
chordae tendineae + papillary muscles

50. 12/29
[tokresource.org]
intercalated discs on the myocardium
synchronized contraction
4 valves:
2 AV
2 SL
chordae tendineae + papillary muscles

51. 13/29
[Pearson Education]
The cardiac valve

52. 13/29
[Pearson Education]
The cardiac valve
Ventricles relax → Valves open → Blood drains

53. 13/29
[Pearson Education]
The cardiac valve
Ventricles relax → Valves open → Blood drains
Ventricles contract → Valves close → Blood blocked

54. 13/29
[Pearson Education]
Check this link!
The cardiac valve
Ventricles relax → Valves open → Blood drains
Ventricles contract → Valves close → Blood blocked

55. 14/29
[Pearson Education]

56. 14/29
[Pearson Education]
Depolarization which contracts the myocardium

57. 14/29
[Pearson Education]
Depolarization which contracts the myocardium
Pacemaker 60-70 bpm

58. 14/29
[Pearson Education]
Depolarization which contracts the myocardium
Pacemaker 60-70 bpm

59. ECG - ElectroCardioGraphy
15/29
[Wikimedia]

60. ECG - ElectroCardioGraphy
15/29
[Wikimedia]
reflects the electrical activity

61. ECG - ElectroCardioGraphy
15/29
[Wikimedia]
electrical impulses → translated into waves
reflects the electrical activity

62. ECG - ElectroCardioGraphy
15/29
[Wikimedia]
electrical impulses → translated into waves
reflects the electrical activity
events between 2 beats = cardiac cycle

63. ECG - ElectroCardioGraphy
15/29
[Wikimedia]
electrical impulses → translated into waves
reflects the electrical activity
events between 2 beats = cardiac cycle
Different steps

64. 16/29
[Pearson Education]

65. Cardiovascular System
17/29
[Vander]

66. Cardiovascular System
17/29
[Vander]
Diastole: heart does not pump, ventricles relax + fill with blood

67. Cardiovascular System
17/29
[Vander]
Systole: heart pumps, ventricles contract
Diastole: heart does not pump, ventricles relax + fill with blood

68. Cardiovascular System
17/29
[Vander]
Systole: heart pumps, ventricles contract
Diastole: heart does not pump, ventricles relax + fill with blood
Video

69. Example of ECG
18/29
[lifeinthefastlane.com]

70. Einthoven’s Triangle
19/29
[Pearson Education]

71. Einthoven’s Triangle
19/29
[Pearson Education]
3 electrodes: right arm left arm left leg

72. Einthoven’s Triangle
19/29
[Pearson Education]
3 electrodes: right arm left arm left leg
3 bipolar leads connecting them

73. ECG Sensors
20/29
[emtresource.com]

74. ECG Sensors
20/29
modern ECG: up to 12
[emtresource.com]

75. ECG Sensors
20/29
modern ECG: up to 12
[emtresource.com]
[cooking-hacks.com]

76. Emotions
21/29
[nature.com]
recognition through physiological signals

77. Emotions
21/29
[nature.com]
recognition through physiological signals
relations ECG + emotional states

78. Emotions
21/29
[nature.com]
intensity of the emotion (reaction to stimuli)
recognition through physiological signals
relations ECG + emotional states

79. Emotions
21/29
[nature.com]
intensity of the emotion (reaction to stimuli)
recognition through physiological signals
emotion positive or negative (polarity) and degree
relations ECG + emotional states

80. Parameters
22/29
[bodyrecomposition.com]
ECG signal clamp electrodes extract R wave

81. Parameters
22/29
[bodyrecomposition.com]
ECG signal clamp electrodes extract R wave
compute statistical values (mean, median, deviation)

82. Parameters
22/29
[bodyrecomposition.com]
HR (heart rate) both part of ANS
ECG signal clamp electrodes extract R wave
compute statistical values (mean, median, deviation)

83. Parameters
22/29
[bodyrecomposition.com]
HR (heart rate) both part of ANS
ECG signal clamp electrodes extract R wave
compute statistical values (mean, median, deviation)
HRV - IBI heart rate variability

84. Studies
23/29
[geocities.co]
images/clips
10 seconds
color or b&w

85. Studies
23/29
[geocities.co]
images/clips
10 seconds
color or b&w
different levels of arousal and valence

86. Studies
23/29
[geocities.co]
images/clips
10 seconds
color or b&w
different levels of arousal and valence
COLOR = greater arousal
positive rating

87. Positive / Negative
24/29
[nature.com]

88. Positive / Negative
24/29
[nature.com]
heart decelerates faster with negative stimuli

89. Positive / Negative
24/29
[nature.com]
heart decelerates faster with negative stimuli
heart recovers more quickly from positive emotions

90. Heart rate changes
25/29
[ACM Rani, P.]
Anger, fear, joy, pleasure heart rate increases

91. Heart rate changes
25/29
[ACM Rani, P.]
Anger, fear, joy, pleasure heart rate increases
Sadness, disgust
heart rate decreases

92. Heart rate changes
25/29
[ACM Rani, P.]
Anger, fear, joy, pleasure heart rate increases
Sadness, disgust
heart rate decreases
frustration incoherent spectrum

93. Applications
26/29
[s3.amazonaws.com]

94. Applications
26/29
[s3.amazonaws.com]

95. Applications
26/29
[s3.amazonaws.com]

96. Applications
26/29
[s3.amazonaws.com]

97. References (1/2)
▪Cacioppo J.T. et al., Handbook of Psychophysiology. Cambridge Univ Press, 2007 (182-210)
▪Vander et al., Human Physiology: The Mechanism of Body Function. McGraw−Hill, 2001 (382-405)
▪Slideshare - Circulatory System by CardiacInfo
▪Slideshare - The Cardiovascular System by Rob Swatski
▪Slides from Professor Yuri Bozzi, University of Trento, Department of Cibio
▪Wikipedia, The free Encyclopedia
▪Monajati M. et al., Emotions States Recognition Based on Physiological Parameters by Employing of Fuzzy-Adaptive Resonance Theory, Scientific Research Open Access, 2012
▪Rigas G., A user independent, biosignal based, Emotion Recognition Method, 11th International Conference, 2007
27/29

98. References (2/2)
▪16th International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence, Advances in Artificial Reality and Tele-Existence, ICAT, 2006
▪Wagner J. et al., From Physiological Signals to Emotions: Implementing and Comparing Selected Methods for Feature Extraction and Classification, ICME, 2005
▪Kim K. H. et al., Emotion recognition system using short-term monitoring of physiological signals, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 2004
▪Valenza G. et al., Revealing Real-Time Emotional Responses: a Personalized Assessment based on Heartbeat Dynamics, Nature.com Scientific Reports, 2014
▪Detenber B. H. et al., The Emotional Significance of Color in Television Presentations, Media Psychology, 2000
▪Anttonen J. et al., Emotions and Heart Rate while Sitting on a Chair, CHI, 2005
▪Nasoz F. et al., Emotion Recognition from Physiological Signals for User Modeling of Affect, Springer, 2003
▪Rani P., Psychophysiology-based affective communication for implicit human- robot interaction, ACM, 2005
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99. 29/29