The new inflatable external lower leg compression improves stroke volume and peripheral perfusion during central hypovolemia in healthy volunteers
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The new inflatable external lower leg compression improves stroke volume and peripheral perfusion during central hypovolemia in healthy volunteers. The application of external leg compression (ELC) around the upper and lower legs is able to prevent and restore hemodynamic alterations during head-up tilt (HUT). The study found that ELC produced an auto transfusion effect in normovolemic subjects in a 60o HUT at 50 cm H2O compression pressure. ELC was shown to be able to prevent and restore hemodynamic alterations during HUT and may be used to prevent or restore hemodynamic alterations in critically ill patients.
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Hepc01 cv system 2012
The document discusses the cardiovascular system and its response to exercise. It covers the components of the cardiovascular system including the heart, blood vessels, and blood. It describes how blood is pumped around the body by the heart, factors that affect cardiac output, and blood pressure. It also addresses the electrical conduction system of the heart, regulation of heart rate, and cardiovascular responses to exercise such as increased heart rate and blood flow redistribution.
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Venous return is the volume of blood flowing back to the heart through the veins. Blood from the systemic veins flows into the right atrium, where the pressure is called central venous pressure. Venous return is regulated by the balance between the heart's ability to pump blood out of the right atrium and ventricle into the lungs, and the tendency of blood to flow from the peripheral veins into the right atrium. There are five main factors that enable blood to flow back to the heart: one-way valves in the veins, muscle pumps that push blood during contraction, the respiratory pump during exercise, sympathetic activation of veins, and gravity draining blood from the upper body.
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The document discusses three key determinants of cardiac output: preload, afterload, and contractility. Preload refers to the presystolic stretch of the heart and is reflected by the end-diastolic pressure and volume. Afterload is the pressure the left ventricle must overcome during systole and is often represented by systolic pressure. Contractility determines the strength of the heart's contraction and can be measured by the left ventricular ejection fraction.
Cardiovascular responses to exercise
The document summarizes the major cardiovascular responses to exercise. It lists 14 responses, including an increase in heart rate due to increased sympathetic nerve activity and decreased parasympathetic activity. Stroke volume increases due to greater ventricular contractility from sympathetic nerve activity as well as increased end-diastolic volume and venous return. As a result, cardiac output increases from both a higher heart rate and larger stroke volume. Total peripheral resistance decreases in the heart and skeletal muscles but increases in other organs, resulting in an overall decrease. Mean arterial pressure and systolic pressure increase due to the higher cardiac output outweighing the lower total peripheral resistance. Diastolic pressure and end-diastolic volume typically remain unchanged. Blood flow increases to the
Cardiac output
The document discusses several key terms related to cardiac output and heart function:
- Contractility refers to the heart's ability to generate force at a given muscle length.
- Preload is the heart muscle length prior to contraction and depends on ventricular filling. The most important factor for preload is venous return.
- Afterload is the tension or pressure the ventricle must contract against to pump blood out. It depends on aortic or pulmonary artery pressure.
- Cardiac output equals stroke volume multiplied by heart rate, representing the total blood volume pumped per minute.
Circulation
Blood flow, pressure, and resistance are key components of circulation. Resistance depends on vessel length and diameter, with smaller diameters resulting in greater resistance. Blood pressure includes systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures. The circulatory system is regulated through neural, chemical, and renal mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. Issues like hypotension, hypertension, and shock can occur if regulation is compromised.
11.03.08(b): Regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Cardiovascular / Respiratory sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1Cardio
Physics- Fluids
Blood pressure is a measure of the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. It is derived from the pressure generated when the left ventricle of the heart contracts and pumps blood into the arteries (systolic pressure), and when the ventricle relaxes and fills with blood (diastolic pressure). The systolic pressure corresponds to the maximum pressure in the arteries, while the diastolic pressure corresponds to the minimum pressure when the heart is resting between beats. Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer, which applies pressure to the brachial artery in the arm and uses the Korotkoff sounds to determine the systolic and diastolic pressures.
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Hepc01 cv system 2012
The document discusses the cardiovascular system and its response to exercise. It covers the components of the cardiovascular system including the heart, blood vessels, and blood. It describes how blood is pumped around the body by the heart, factors that affect cardiac output, and blood pressure. It also addresses the electrical conduction system of the heart, regulation of heart rate, and cardiovascular responses to exercise such as increased heart rate and blood flow redistribution.
Venous return 18 07-2017
Venous return is the volume of blood flowing back to the heart through the veins. Blood from the systemic veins flows into the right atrium, where the pressure is called central venous pressure. Venous return is regulated by the balance between the heart's ability to pump blood out of the right atrium and ventricle into the lungs, and the tendency of blood to flow from the peripheral veins into the right atrium. There are five main factors that enable blood to flow back to the heart: one-way valves in the veins, muscle pumps that push blood during contraction, the respiratory pump during exercise, sympathetic activation of veins, and gravity draining blood from the upper body.
Pv loops
The document discusses three key determinants of cardiac output: preload, afterload, and contractility. Preload refers to the presystolic stretch of the heart and is reflected by the end-diastolic pressure and volume. Afterload is the pressure the left ventricle must overcome during systole and is often represented by systolic pressure. Contractility determines the strength of the heart's contraction and can be measured by the left ventricular ejection fraction.
Cardiovascular responses to exercise
The document summarizes the major cardiovascular responses to exercise. It lists 14 responses, including an increase in heart rate due to increased sympathetic nerve activity and decreased parasympathetic activity. Stroke volume increases due to greater ventricular contractility from sympathetic nerve activity as well as increased end-diastolic volume and venous return. As a result, cardiac output increases from both a higher heart rate and larger stroke volume. Total peripheral resistance decreases in the heart and skeletal muscles but increases in other organs, resulting in an overall decrease. Mean arterial pressure and systolic pressure increase due to the higher cardiac output outweighing the lower total peripheral resistance. Diastolic pressure and end-diastolic volume typically remain unchanged. Blood flow increases to the
Cardiac output
The document discusses several key terms related to cardiac output and heart function:
- Contractility refers to the heart's ability to generate force at a given muscle length.
- Preload is the heart muscle length prior to contraction and depends on ventricular filling. The most important factor for preload is venous return.
- Afterload is the tension or pressure the ventricle must contract against to pump blood out. It depends on aortic or pulmonary artery pressure.
- Cardiac output equals stroke volume multiplied by heart rate, representing the total blood volume pumped per minute.
Circulation
Blood flow, pressure, and resistance are key components of circulation. Resistance depends on vessel length and diameter, with smaller diameters resulting in greater resistance. Blood pressure includes systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures. The circulatory system is regulated through neural, chemical, and renal mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. Issues like hypotension, hypertension, and shock can occur if regulation is compromised.
11.03.08(b): Regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Cardiovascular / Respiratory sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1Cardio
Physics- Fluids
Blood pressure is a measure of the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. It is derived from the pressure generated when the left ventricle of the heart contracts and pumps blood into the arteries (systolic pressure), and when the ventricle relaxes and fills with blood (diastolic pressure). The systolic pressure corresponds to the maximum pressure in the arteries, while the diastolic pressure corresponds to the minimum pressure when the heart is resting between beats. Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer, which applies pressure to the brachial artery in the arm and uses the Korotkoff sounds to determine the systolic and diastolic pressures.
Circulation and exercise
The circulatory system adapts to exercise in both short-term and long-term ways. In the short-term, the heart rate increases to pump more blood, delivering more oxygen to working muscles. The lungs also work harder to remove carbon dioxide and replenish oxygen. Long-term, regular exercise causes the heart to grow stronger, increasing stroke volume and lowering resting heart rate. It also enhances blood flow and oxygen delivery through increased capillaries and blood volume.
Circulatory Adaptations to Exercise
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart has four chambers that pump blood through two circuits - the pulmonary circuit which oxygenates blood and the systemic circuit which transports oxygenated blood to tissues. During exercise, the heart rate and stroke volume both increase to elevate cardiac output and meet increased oxygen demands of active muscles. This is regulated through sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system control of the heart as well as changes in venous return that influence end-diastolic volume.
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The document summarizes the cardiovascular system and regulation of blood pressure. It describes how the brain monitors and controls blood flow and pressure on a beat-to-beat basis to meet metabolic demands. Blood pressure is influenced by cardiac output, peripheral resistance, and blood volume. The document then discusses short term regulation of blood pressure by baroreceptor reflexes, chemoreceptor reflexes, and local mechanisms, as well as long term regulation by the renal-body fluid system including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism.
Cardiovascular changes during exercise
During exercise, the cardiovascular system undergoes changes to meet increased demands. Blood pressure typically increases during moderate exercise but remains stable during intense exercise. Cardiac output, the product of heart rate and stroke volume, also increases substantially during exercise through higher heart rates and larger stroke volumes. Trained athletes can achieve much higher maximum cardiac outputs than untrained individuals through greater maximal stroke volumes. Prolonged exercise can cause cardiovascular drift, where stroke volume decreases and heart rate increases to compensate and maintain cardiac output.
Cardiac output 1
This document discusses cardiac output and its measurement. It defines cardiac output as the amount of blood ejected by each ventricle per minute, which is calculated as stroke volume multiplied by heart rate. It describes several methods to measure cardiac output, including the indicator dye dilution method, thermodilution, and measurement of inhaled inert gases. It discusses factors that can cause cardiac output to vary, such as age, sex, environmental temperature, exercise, and various pathological conditions.
Effect of postural changes on bp and hr
This slide will help the learners to know about the effect of postural change on blood pressure and heart rate. This method is very crucial in diagnosis of Postural Hypotension in subjects.
MEASUREMENT OF CARDIAC OUTPUT
Cardiac output can be measured using invasive and non-invasive methods. Invasive methods include the Fick method, dye dilution, and thermodilution, which require a pulmonary artery catheter. Non-invasive methods include echocardiography, which uses ultrasound to visualize cardiac structures and Doppler to measure blood flow velocities, and pulse pressure analysis. Measurement of cardiac output is important for critically ill patients to optimize oxygen delivery and support circulation.
The Cardiovascular System
The document summarizes key concepts about the cardiovascular system and the heart as a pump. It discusses topics like stroke volume, ejection fraction, preload, afterload, cardiac cycle events, regulation of cardiac pumping, and factors that affect cardiac output. It provides an overview of the heart's structure and function in pumping blood throughout the body.
Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology
The document discusses cardiac anatomy and physiology. It describes the heart's location in the chest, its layers including the pericardium, myocardium and endocardium. It lists the four heart valves that control blood flow and terms related to heart function such as stroke volume and cardiac output. Assessment techniques for the heart like inspection, palpation and auscultation are also mentioned along with common causes of chest pain and risk factors for heart disease.
Baroreceptors And Negative Feedback Mechanism
Baroreceptors are mechanoreceptors located in the carotid arteries and aorta that detect changes in blood pressure. As part of a negative feedback system called the baroreflex, baroreceptors send signals to the brain to increase or decrease heart rate and vascular resistance to maintain normal blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, baroreceptors inhibit the vasomotor center of the brain to decrease sympathetic nervous system activity and lower blood pressure. Conversely, lower blood pressure activates the vasomotor center to increase sympathetic activity and raise blood pressure. In addition to short term regulation, baroreceptors can reset over days to the new blood pressure level in cases of chronic high blood pressure.
Regulation of arterial blood pressure
There are three main mechanisms that control arterial blood pressure:
1. Rapid mechanisms act within seconds to minutes through baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes in the medulla to increase or decrease heart rate, cardiac contractility, and peripheral resistance.
2. Intermediate mechanisms act over hours to days through stress relaxation of blood vessels and capillary fluid shifts to regulate blood volume and pressure.
3. Long-term mechanisms act over days to weeks through regulation of extracellular fluid volume by atrial natriuretic peptide, ADH, and the renin-angiotensin system to control blood pressure by altering sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys.
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This document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of venous return from the foot. It describes the five venous systems of the foot and discusses the role of the foot in initiating venous return through the foot pump mechanism during standing and walking. The foot venous system interacts with the calf venous pump system. Certain clinical conditions may be caused by conflicts between the foot and calf pump mechanisms rather than generic pump insufficiency. Maintaining proper foot and calf pump function through posture, footwear and exercise is important for venous return.
Regulation of blood pressure
This document discusses the regulation of blood pressure. It begins by defining key terms related to blood pressure like systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure. It then discusses factors that determine blood pressure like cardiac output and peripheral resistance. The document outlines several regulatory mechanisms for blood pressure, including local mechanisms like autoregulation and vasoactive substances, as well as systemic mechanisms involving hormonal and nervous control. Specific hormones, neurotransmitters, and reflex mechanisms that play roles in regulating blood pressure are also mentioned.
About Heart>> english presentation::Armando Gaspar
This document summarizes the anatomy and functions of the heart, as well as some common heart dysfunctions. It describes that the heart pumps blood to supply nutrients and oxygen to the body, and returns carbon dioxide and water via veins. The heart cycles between systole and diastole, with semilunar valves opening to allow output and atrioventricular valves opening to allow input. Some common abnormal heart rhythms described are bradycardia, tachycardia, hypertension, ventricular fibrillation, and aneurysms. Causes and symptoms of each are summarized. The presentation was prepared by Armando Gaspart for a class on heart anatomy and physiology.
B p control mechanism
Control of blood pressure involves both immediate and long-term mechanisms. Immediate control is mediated by autonomic reflexes like the baroreceptor reflex which senses changes in blood pressure and regulates sympathetic outflow. Intermediate control involves the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and arginine vasopressin. Long-term control is regulated by the kidneys which alter sodium and water balance. Most tissues also autoregulate blood flow by dilating or constricting arterioles in response to pressure and metabolic changes.
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The cardiovascular system responds to exercise in several ways. First, adrenaline is released before exercise to increase heart rate and stroke volume. During exercise, the skeletal muscles pump blood back to the heart, increasing venous return and thereby stroke volume and heart rate, and ultimately cardiac output. Chemoreceptors then detect rising carbon dioxide in the blood and stimulate the sympathetic nervous system to further increase heart rate and contraction strength. The sympathetic nervous system also helps redistribute blood flow through vasodilation and vasoconstriction of different arteries. Baroreceptors regulate blood pressure through similar vascular changes.
Bp regulation
This document discusses the regulation of blood pressure on short, intermediate, and long term timescales.
Short term regulation occurs over seconds to minutes and involves baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the central nervous system ischemic response. Intermediate regulation over minutes to hours is mediated by capillary fluid shifts and stress relaxation in blood vessels. Long term regulation over days to years involves the renal body fluid mechanism and renin-angiotensin system to control extracellular fluid levels and blood pressure.
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Circulation and exercise
The circulatory system adapts to exercise in both short-term and long-term ways. In the short-term, the heart rate increases to pump more blood, delivering more oxygen to working muscles. The lungs also work harder to remove carbon dioxide and replenish oxygen. Long-term, regular exercise causes the heart to grow stronger, increasing stroke volume and lowering resting heart rate. It also enhances blood flow and oxygen delivery through increased capillaries and blood volume.
Circulatory Adaptations to Exercise
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart has four chambers that pump blood through two circuits - the pulmonary circuit which oxygenates blood and the systemic circuit which transports oxygenated blood to tissues. During exercise, the heart rate and stroke volume both increase to elevate cardiac output and meet increased oxygen demands of active muscles. This is regulated through sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system control of the heart as well as changes in venous return that influence end-diastolic volume.
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The document summarizes the cardiovascular system and regulation of blood pressure. It describes how the brain monitors and controls blood flow and pressure on a beat-to-beat basis to meet metabolic demands. Blood pressure is influenced by cardiac output, peripheral resistance, and blood volume. The document then discusses short term regulation of blood pressure by baroreceptor reflexes, chemoreceptor reflexes, and local mechanisms, as well as long term regulation by the renal-body fluid system including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism.
Cardiovascular changes during exercise
During exercise, the cardiovascular system undergoes changes to meet increased demands. Blood pressure typically increases during moderate exercise but remains stable during intense exercise. Cardiac output, the product of heart rate and stroke volume, also increases substantially during exercise through higher heart rates and larger stroke volumes. Trained athletes can achieve much higher maximum cardiac outputs than untrained individuals through greater maximal stroke volumes. Prolonged exercise can cause cardiovascular drift, where stroke volume decreases and heart rate increases to compensate and maintain cardiac output.
Cardiac output 1
This document discusses cardiac output and its measurement. It defines cardiac output as the amount of blood ejected by each ventricle per minute, which is calculated as stroke volume multiplied by heart rate. It describes several methods to measure cardiac output, including the indicator dye dilution method, thermodilution, and measurement of inhaled inert gases. It discusses factors that can cause cardiac output to vary, such as age, sex, environmental temperature, exercise, and various pathological conditions.
Effect of postural changes on bp and hr
This slide will help the learners to know about the effect of postural change on blood pressure and heart rate. This method is very crucial in diagnosis of Postural Hypotension in subjects.
MEASUREMENT OF CARDIAC OUTPUT
Cardiac output can be measured using invasive and non-invasive methods. Invasive methods include the Fick method, dye dilution, and thermodilution, which require a pulmonary artery catheter. Non-invasive methods include echocardiography, which uses ultrasound to visualize cardiac structures and Doppler to measure blood flow velocities, and pulse pressure analysis. Measurement of cardiac output is important for critically ill patients to optimize oxygen delivery and support circulation.
The Cardiovascular System
The document summarizes key concepts about the cardiovascular system and the heart as a pump. It discusses topics like stroke volume, ejection fraction, preload, afterload, cardiac cycle events, regulation of cardiac pumping, and factors that affect cardiac output. It provides an overview of the heart's structure and function in pumping blood throughout the body.
Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology
The document discusses cardiac anatomy and physiology. It describes the heart's location in the chest, its layers including the pericardium, myocardium and endocardium. It lists the four heart valves that control blood flow and terms related to heart function such as stroke volume and cardiac output. Assessment techniques for the heart like inspection, palpation and auscultation are also mentioned along with common causes of chest pain and risk factors for heart disease.
Baroreceptors And Negative Feedback Mechanism
Baroreceptors are mechanoreceptors located in the carotid arteries and aorta that detect changes in blood pressure. As part of a negative feedback system called the baroreflex, baroreceptors send signals to the brain to increase or decrease heart rate and vascular resistance to maintain normal blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, baroreceptors inhibit the vasomotor center of the brain to decrease sympathetic nervous system activity and lower blood pressure. Conversely, lower blood pressure activates the vasomotor center to increase sympathetic activity and raise blood pressure. In addition to short term regulation, baroreceptors can reset over days to the new blood pressure level in cases of chronic high blood pressure.
Regulation of arterial blood pressure
There are three main mechanisms that control arterial blood pressure:
1. Rapid mechanisms act within seconds to minutes through baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes in the medulla to increase or decrease heart rate, cardiac contractility, and peripheral resistance.
2. Intermediate mechanisms act over hours to days through stress relaxation of blood vessels and capillary fluid shifts to regulate blood volume and pressure.
3. Long-term mechanisms act over days to weeks through regulation of extracellular fluid volume by atrial natriuretic peptide, ADH, and the renin-angiotensin system to control blood pressure by altering sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys.
Calza-sock
This document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of venous return from the foot. It describes the five venous systems of the foot and discusses the role of the foot in initiating venous return through the foot pump mechanism during standing and walking. The foot venous system interacts with the calf venous pump system. Certain clinical conditions may be caused by conflicts between the foot and calf pump mechanisms rather than generic pump insufficiency. Maintaining proper foot and calf pump function through posture, footwear and exercise is important for venous return.
Regulation of blood pressure
This document discusses the regulation of blood pressure. It begins by defining key terms related to blood pressure like systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure. It then discusses factors that determine blood pressure like cardiac output and peripheral resistance. The document outlines several regulatory mechanisms for blood pressure, including local mechanisms like autoregulation and vasoactive substances, as well as systemic mechanisms involving hormonal and nervous control. Specific hormones, neurotransmitters, and reflex mechanisms that play roles in regulating blood pressure are also mentioned.
About Heart>> english presentation::Armando Gaspar
This document summarizes the anatomy and functions of the heart, as well as some common heart dysfunctions. It describes that the heart pumps blood to supply nutrients and oxygen to the body, and returns carbon dioxide and water via veins. The heart cycles between systole and diastole, with semilunar valves opening to allow output and atrioventricular valves opening to allow input. Some common abnormal heart rhythms described are bradycardia, tachycardia, hypertension, ventricular fibrillation, and aneurysms. Causes and symptoms of each are summarized. The presentation was prepared by Armando Gaspart for a class on heart anatomy and physiology.
B p control mechanism
Control of blood pressure involves both immediate and long-term mechanisms. Immediate control is mediated by autonomic reflexes like the baroreceptor reflex which senses changes in blood pressure and regulates sympathetic outflow. Intermediate control involves the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and arginine vasopressin. Long-term control is regulated by the kidneys which alter sodium and water balance. Most tissues also autoregulate blood flow by dilating or constricting arterioles in response to pressure and metabolic changes.
PEShare.co.uk Shared Resource
The cardiovascular system responds to exercise in several ways. First, adrenaline is released before exercise to increase heart rate and stroke volume. During exercise, the skeletal muscles pump blood back to the heart, increasing venous return and thereby stroke volume and heart rate, and ultimately cardiac output. Chemoreceptors then detect rising carbon dioxide in the blood and stimulate the sympathetic nervous system to further increase heart rate and contraction strength. The sympathetic nervous system also helps redistribute blood flow through vasodilation and vasoconstriction of different arteries. Baroreceptors regulate blood pressure through similar vascular changes.
Bp regulation
This document discusses the regulation of blood pressure on short, intermediate, and long term timescales.
Short term regulation occurs over seconds to minutes and involves baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the central nervous system ischemic response. Intermediate regulation over minutes to hours is mediated by capillary fluid shifts and stress relaxation in blood vessels. Long term regulation over days to years involves the renal body fluid mechanism and renin-angiotensin system to control extracellular fluid levels and blood pressure.
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Pulse oximetry, ECG, and blood pressure monitoring are common ways to assess patients. A pulse oximeter uses light absorption to estimate oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin levels non-invasively. An ECG attaches electrodes to record the heart's electrical activity and indicates rate, rhythm, and signs of ischemia. Blood pressure results from cardiac contraction and vascular resistance, and can be measured manually or via an arterial line that displays beat-to-beat variations to assess contractility, tone, and response to interventions.
mechanical ventilators
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- You are called to see Ahmed, a 65-year old diabetic and hypertensive journalist admitted for hernia surgery who is now suffering severe headache and blurred vision.
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Blood pressure regulation
SEMINAR ON BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION, Determinants of Arterial BP
Functions Of Blood Pressure
Physiological Variations In Bp
Blood Pressure Regulation
Applied Physiology
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A treatment intervention employs positioning, chest percussion, vibration, and manual hyperinflation to mobilize secretions in the lungs and assist in their expulsion. It is used prophylactically for high-risk surgery patients and those unable to cough effectively, and therapeutically for conditions like atelectasis and retained secretions. The techniques aim to prevent accumulation and improve drainage of secretions while promoting relaxed breathing.
Cardiac output 2
The document discusses factors that regulate cardiac output, including preload, contractility, and afterload. It describes how the respiratory pump, cardiac pump, muscle pump, and mean circulatory filling pressure affect cardiac output by changing preload. Sympathetic stimulation and hormones are discussed as factors increasing contractility. Methods for measuring cardiac output are also summarized, including the Fick principle, indicator dilution, thermodilution, Doppler echocardiography, and impedance cardiography. Cardiac output is increased in conditions like fever and anemia that cause increased metabolism, and decreased in states of weak contractions or poor pumping like congestive heart failure.
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5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
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Recomendamos muito.
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www.agostodourado.com
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The new inflatable external lower leg compression improves stroke volume and peripheral perfusion during central hypovolemia in healthy volunteers
- 1. The new inflatable external lower leg compression improves stroke volume and peripheral perfusion during central hypovolemia in healthy volunteers M. Helmi, A. Lima, D. Gommers, J. Bakker, J. van Bommel.
- 4. To reverse hemodynamic alterations Fluid overloading
- 5. Reverse hypotension No risk of fluid overloading Use in intensive care
- 7. Hemodynamic effect External leg compression Venous Emptying Venous return Venous pressure Soft tissue blood flow Tissue oxygenation Arterial Arteriovenous gradient Stroke volume Cardiac output Mean arterial pressure Heart rate
- 9. Prevent central hypovolemia when applied before HUT The application of a new inflatable ELC around the upper and lower legs is able to: Restore central hypovolemia when applied after HUT.
- 10. • 20 healthy volunteers: – Free of cardiovascular or neurological disease – Not taking any medication
- 11. • Around upper and lower legs • Inflation pressure can be set at levels of 0, 20, 40 and a maximum of 50 cmH2O
- 14. • Global hemodynamic with Finometer® • Perfusion index (PI) with Masimo® • Tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) with InSpectra®
- 15. Each intervention was done in three minutes To find the ideal ELC compression pressure (the inflation pressure related to the best SV and HR values). SUP HUT HUT50 HUT40 HUT20
- 16. Supine HUT0 HUT50 HUT40 HUT20 • SV, mL 86±16 62±14 70±19 67±19 65±18 • HR, bpm 71±13 85±12 77±10 79±9 82±11
- 17. Each intervention was done in three minutes
- 18. SU P HUT SUP’
- 19. SUP50 HUT50 SUP50’ Prevent hemodynamic alteration. -Mechanical ventilation -Hemodialysis
- 20. SUP HUT50 HUT’ Restore hemodynamic alteration. (Circulatory shock) HUT
- 21. *: P < .05 against previous time point. Control model Prevention model * *-27% * *-17% * * +19% * * +9%
- 22. *: P < .05 against previous time point. * * * +24% -9%
- 23. *: P < .05 against previous time point. Control model Prevention model * * * * * * * * -79% -65% -9% -4%
- 24. *: P < .05 against previous time point. * * * +117% * +30%
- 25. It may be used to prevent or to restore hemodynamic alterations in critically ill patients. ELC was shown to be able to prevent and restore hemodynamic alterations during HUT. ELC produced an auto transfusion effect in normovolemic subjects in a 60o HUT at 50 cm H2O compression pressure.
Editor's Notes
- Fluid resuscitation