Hazards of space
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•124 views
There are significant hazards associated with space travel and operating in space. Three NASA space shuttle missions resulted in crew fatalities, with the Challenger and Columbia disasters killing all astronauts on board during launch and re-entry respectively. Once in space, debris from old satellites and other objects pose collision risks, while the human body is affected by microgravity with muscle and bone loss without gravity. Life support systems are needed to create earth-like conditions for breathing and environmental factors in space. Space junk, or debris left from old satellites and spacecraft, poses a continual collision threat as there are millions of objects orbiting Earth at high speeds.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Planets & other objects in solar system
1) The protoplanet hypothesis explains the formation of solar systems with three steps - a cloud of dust and gas begins swirling, most material accumulates to form the sun, and remaining material forms smaller clumps that become planets.
2) The sun is over 100 times wider than Earth, could fit 1 million Earths inside if hollow, has a surface of 5500°C and a core of over 15 million °C. It gives off charged particles called solar wind that flows at around 400 km/s, protecting Earth with its magnetic field.
3) The planets are divided into inner, terrestrial planets like Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars that are smaller, rockier and closer to the sun,
Unit e space exploration
The document discusses astronomy and the study of space. It describes some key discoveries and models in astronomy's history, including that planetary orbits are elliptical, not circular. It also summarizes ancient and modern views of the structure of the universe, from geocentric to heliocentric models. Additionally, it outlines the life cycles of stars and describes objects in our solar system like planets, asteroids, comets, and eclipses.
Technology for space transport
To get an object into space, it must reach a speed of 28,000 km/h to overcome Earth's gravity. The first recorded rocket was Archytas's "pigeon." The Soviet Union launched Sputnik I in 1957, the first artificial satellite about the size of a basketball. The second Soviet satellite was significant because it carried living creatures into space, setting the path for human space travel. Rockets use Newton's third law - for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction - to propel themselves by ejecting exhaust in one direction. The three main parts of a rocket are the payload, propellant, and engines. Scientists are studying ion drives and solar sails as alternatives to rocket engines for long
Telescopes
Optical telescopes use lenses or mirrors to gather and focus light, allowing us to see stars and distant objects. Refracting telescopes use two lenses, while reflecting telescopes use mirrors, allowing them to be larger in size. Interferometry combines multiple telescopes to produce clearer images. The Hubble Space Telescope orbits Earth, allowing observations unhindered by the atmosphere. Other telescopes observe different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, like infrared and radio, enabling new discoveries.
ASTRONOMY
The document summarizes tides, including their causes due to the gravitational interaction between the Earth, Moon and Sun. It describes the stages of a tidal cycle from flood tide to low tide. It distinguishes between spring tides, which occur during full and new moons when gravitational forces align to produce stronger tides, and neap tides during quarter moons when forces are perpendicular and tides are weaker. Rare proxigean spring tides result from a close and aligned positioning of the Moon.
Satellites
Satellites are objects built and sent into Earth's orbit that transmit information to ground stations via radio waves. Communication satellites made wireless communication cheaper than telephone lines in the early 20th century by using digital systems. Weather satellites in geosynchronous orbit provide 24-hour monitoring of specific areas, while other satellites not in this orbit can track ships and fires from low Earth orbit. Remote sensing satellites in low orbit take images of the Earth's surface to send data on heat, resources, and urbanization. GPS satellites accurately track locations within a few meters via radio signals.
Stars
Stars are hot, glowing balls of gas that give off light energy. A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram graphs thousands of stars based on their brightness and temperature to organize them into groups. Stars form from nebulae - clouds of dust and gas that collapse under gravity. As the core grows hotter through accretion, it becomes a protostar and eventually a full-fledged star. Stars end their lives through various processes depending on their size. Groups of stars form constellations and galaxies.
Views of nature of earth and space
Ancient sites like Newgrange Passage Tomb and Stonehenge were carefully aligned with astronomical events like solstices and equinoxes, suggesting their builders had knowledge of the movement of celestial bodies. Early models of the universe placed Earth at the center, with the geocentric model proposed by Aristotle and later displaced by Copernicus' heliocentric model placing the Sun at the center. Kepler later improved on this by discovering planetary orbits were elliptical rather than circular in shape.
Recommended
Planets & other objects in solar system
1) The protoplanet hypothesis explains the formation of solar systems with three steps - a cloud of dust and gas begins swirling, most material accumulates to form the sun, and remaining material forms smaller clumps that become planets.
2) The sun is over 100 times wider than Earth, could fit 1 million Earths inside if hollow, has a surface of 5500°C and a core of over 15 million °C. It gives off charged particles called solar wind that flows at around 400 km/s, protecting Earth with its magnetic field.
3) The planets are divided into inner, terrestrial planets like Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars that are smaller, rockier and closer to the sun,
Unit e space exploration
The document discusses astronomy and the study of space. It describes some key discoveries and models in astronomy's history, including that planetary orbits are elliptical, not circular. It also summarizes ancient and modern views of the structure of the universe, from geocentric to heliocentric models. Additionally, it outlines the life cycles of stars and describes objects in our solar system like planets, asteroids, comets, and eclipses.
Technology for space transport
To get an object into space, it must reach a speed of 28,000 km/h to overcome Earth's gravity. The first recorded rocket was Archytas's "pigeon." The Soviet Union launched Sputnik I in 1957, the first artificial satellite about the size of a basketball. The second Soviet satellite was significant because it carried living creatures into space, setting the path for human space travel. Rockets use Newton's third law - for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction - to propel themselves by ejecting exhaust in one direction. The three main parts of a rocket are the payload, propellant, and engines. Scientists are studying ion drives and solar sails as alternatives to rocket engines for long
Telescopes
Optical telescopes use lenses or mirrors to gather and focus light, allowing us to see stars and distant objects. Refracting telescopes use two lenses, while reflecting telescopes use mirrors, allowing them to be larger in size. Interferometry combines multiple telescopes to produce clearer images. The Hubble Space Telescope orbits Earth, allowing observations unhindered by the atmosphere. Other telescopes observe different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, like infrared and radio, enabling new discoveries.
ASTRONOMY
The document summarizes tides, including their causes due to the gravitational interaction between the Earth, Moon and Sun. It describes the stages of a tidal cycle from flood tide to low tide. It distinguishes between spring tides, which occur during full and new moons when gravitational forces align to produce stronger tides, and neap tides during quarter moons when forces are perpendicular and tides are weaker. Rare proxigean spring tides result from a close and aligned positioning of the Moon.
Satellites
Satellites are objects built and sent into Earth's orbit that transmit information to ground stations via radio waves. Communication satellites made wireless communication cheaper than telephone lines in the early 20th century by using digital systems. Weather satellites in geosynchronous orbit provide 24-hour monitoring of specific areas, while other satellites not in this orbit can track ships and fires from low Earth orbit. Remote sensing satellites in low orbit take images of the Earth's surface to send data on heat, resources, and urbanization. GPS satellites accurately track locations within a few meters via radio signals.
Stars
Stars are hot, glowing balls of gas that give off light energy. A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram graphs thousands of stars based on their brightness and temperature to organize them into groups. Stars form from nebulae - clouds of dust and gas that collapse under gravity. As the core grows hotter through accretion, it becomes a protostar and eventually a full-fledged star. Stars end their lives through various processes depending on their size. Groups of stars form constellations and galaxies.
Views of nature of earth and space
Ancient sites like Newgrange Passage Tomb and Stonehenge were carefully aligned with astronomical events like solstices and equinoxes, suggesting their builders had knowledge of the movement of celestial bodies. Early models of the universe placed Earth at the center, with the geocentric model proposed by Aristotle and later displaced by Copernicus' heliocentric model placing the Sun at the center. Kepler later improved on this by discovering planetary orbits were elliptical rather than circular in shape.
Space Debris
This document presents a seminar on space debris given by Lokesh Parihar to Anurag Garg. It begins with an introduction defining space debris and its history. It then discusses the different types of orbits where debris can be found, such as low Earth orbit and geostationary orbit. The document outlines methods used to track and measure debris including radar, radio waves, and space telescopes. Potential methods to clear space debris are presented, including electrodynamic tethers, laser brooms, solar sails, space nets, and collector satellites. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of addressing the growing problem of space debris to enable continued development of space communication and exploration.
ASTRONOMY
Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside Earth's atmosphere. It includes studying stars, planets, moons, nebulae, galaxies, and other astronomical objects as well as their evolution, physics, chemistry, and interactions. Related fields include cosmology, which studies the universe as a whole, and astrophysics which applies physics to astronomical objects and phenomena. Astronomy uses various methods of observation across the electromagnetic spectrum from radio to gamma rays. Some important astronomers mentioned include Galileo, who made early observations with telescopes and contributed to the scientific revolution, Hipparchus who created one of the first star catalogs, Edwin Hubble who discovered galaxies outside the Milky Way, and Johannes Kepler who explained the motions of planets
WHAT IS SPACE DEBRIS????
Space debris refers to non-functional human-made objects in space including defunct satellites, spent rocket stages, and other fragments. The amount of space debris has grown significantly over the past 50 years as space activity has increased. There are now over 25,000 pieces large enough to track that orbit the Earth. Collisions with space debris pose risks to both operational satellites and human spaceflight through damage. Potential solutions to the growing problem include deorbiting satellites at end of life, moving them to graveyard orbits, using tethers to remove objects, and developing active debris removal technologies. International cooperation will be needed to address this issue and ensure the future sustainability and safety of space activities.
Menace From Outer Space
Menace from asteroids, comets, and other debris from outer space to life and civilization on mother earth.
Solar system
This document provides an overview of the solar system, including its origin, components, and current state of study. It describes the sun and planets Mercury through Neptune. It also discusses dwarf planets, satellites or moons, asteroids, and comets. The solar system formed from a solar nebula according to the nebular hypothesis. Today, the solar system is studied using land and space-based telescopes as well as space missions.
Introduction to Astronomy Notes
The scientific study of the universe has evolved over time as new evidence and theories have emerged. Originally, it was thought that Earth was at the center of the universe with objects orbiting in perfect circles (Geocentric model). However, observations found inconsistencies, such as retrograde motion of planets. Ptolemy proposed adding spheres to explain orbits, while Copernicus suggested a sun-centered model (Heliocentric model). Kepler later determined planets orbit in ellipses with the sun at one focus. Galileo's telescope provided new evidence supporting Copernicus, while the Big Bang theory describes the origin of the universe.
Astronomy
Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena outside the Earth's atmosphere, while astrology is the pseudoscience claiming to divine information about human affairs based on the positions of stars and planets. Early astronomers like Ptolemy, Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, and Johannes Kepler made observations and developed models of the universe that established astronomy as a science. Galileo Galilei was one of the first to use a telescope to observe craters on the Moon, moons of Jupiter, and sunspots, advancing the field. Modern astronomers use powerful optical and space telescopes to study distant galaxies and probe deeper into space.
Tools used by astronomers (au + lightyears)
Early astronomers used tools like the sundial, merkhet, quadrant, astrolabe, and cross-staff to measure the passage of time and the positions of stars and other astronomical objects. The telescope, invented in the late 16th century, revolutionized astronomy by allowing astronomers to observe celestial objects in greater detail. Units like the astronomical unit (AU) and light-year provide standardized measures for distances within our solar system and across the wider universe.
Space debris,Space pollution
Space debris refers to defunct objects in Earth's orbit, including old satellites and rocket parts. There are over 500,000 pieces of debris floating in orbit, posing a collision threat. The amount of debris has created a "debris zone" surrounding Earth. As space activities continue, the debris population will grow, increasing risks to future spaceflights unless debris is actively removed.
Parker solar probe
The document summarizes the Parker Solar Probe mission to study the Sun up close. The probe will use Venus flybys over 7 years to gradually shrink its orbit and get within 3.83 million miles of the Sun's surface. It aims to trace the solar wind and answer questions about why the Sun's corona is so hot. The probe was launched in 2018 and has already completed its first orbit, with 24 planned orbits to bring it closer to the Sun than any previous spacecraft.
Early Astronomical Instruments
- Sundials use the sun's position to tell time and can only be used outdoors during daylight hours without cloud cover. Ancient examples were placed in prominent locations to indicate solstices and equinoxes.
- Stonehenges were used as celestial calendars, burial sites, sacrificial altars, and defensive structures in ancient times.
- Telescopes allow viewing of distant celestial objects like stars, planets, and galaxies. The Hubble Space Telescope is the most advanced telescope currently in use.
Journey to mars planet ppt
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and has a reddish appearance due to iron oxide on its surface. It has a thin atmosphere composed of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons, is located on Mars. Several robotic rovers have explored Mars, including Curiosity which landed in 2012 and continues to study the planet's environment and geology. India has also successfully sent an orbiter, called Mangalyaan, to study Mars from orbit.
Planet Mars
Mars has two small moons called Phobos and Deimos. It has icy poles and channels that may have once held life. Temperatures average around -83C but can reach a high of 20C and a low of -140C. The surface is characterized by debris, rocks, boulders, canyons, inactive volcanoes, and red dust. The northern hemisphere is smoother due to repeated lava flows. Mars weighs 6.4185x1023 kg and has a diameter of 6800 km.
astronomy introduction
This document provides an overview of astronomy and the solar system. It defines astronomy as the study of anything seen in the sky and beyond. It describes how astronomy uses observation and integration with other sciences due to the difficulty of conducting experiments. It then reviews the key components of the solar system, including the sun, terrestrial planets like Earth and Mars, gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn, and smaller objects. Finally, it discusses units for measuring astronomical distances and provides examples to demonstrate the immense sizes within the universe.
Other members of solar system
Comets, asteroids, meteoroids, and meteorites are different types of small solar system bodies. Comets are icy bodies that develop tails as they heat up when passing near the sun. Asteroids orbit the sun and most reside in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Meteoroids are smaller objects that enter the earth's atmosphere and are called meteors when burning up in the sky. Those that survive entry and hit the ground are meteorites.
Space Debris - An Environmental Problem for Space Missions
Space Debris Report
What is Space Debris? Why is Space Debris dangerous? Space Debris Events,
Threat to Space Missions, Measures taken for Cleaning Space Debris, ISRO – Space Debris.
The Solar System (Space)
A presentation that looks at the historical views of the solar system, provides information about all the planets as well as seasons, eclipses and the day.
Space debris
This presentation gives a basic idea of the increasing space debris and some important methods to clear them .
Space Facts for Kids Infographic
We're off to space! Let your kids explore the wonders of the great vast universe and launch their ideas to space. Here are some fascinating facts about space to kick off your child's dreams.
Space Debris-PPT.pptx
Space debris refers to defunct human-made objects in space such as nonfunctional spacecraft, rocket stages, and fragments from explosions or collisions. There are over 128 million pieces smaller than 1 cm, around 900,000 between 1-10 cm, and about 34,000 larger than 10 cm currently orbiting Earth. The growing amount of space debris poses a risk to active satellites and spacecraft through collisions. Efforts are underway to track debris and develop guidelines to mitigate future debris, though anti-satellite tests by some countries continue adding to the problem.
A Space Suit for Extra Ordinary Martian Conditions 1
A space suit designed specifically for exploring Mars is proposed that addresses the challenges of the Martian environment. The suit would have multiple protective layers, including an inner gravity skin suit to mitigate muscle and bone loss. The outer layers would protect against dust storms and radiation. Systems would be embedded in the suit layers to recycle waste and provide life support through a tight-fitting biometric counter-pressure suit and helmet. The suit would be designed for flexibility and reliability through localized self-repair capabilities while maintaining overall system integrity.
More Related Content
What's hot
Space Debris
This document presents a seminar on space debris given by Lokesh Parihar to Anurag Garg. It begins with an introduction defining space debris and its history. It then discusses the different types of orbits where debris can be found, such as low Earth orbit and geostationary orbit. The document outlines methods used to track and measure debris including radar, radio waves, and space telescopes. Potential methods to clear space debris are presented, including electrodynamic tethers, laser brooms, solar sails, space nets, and collector satellites. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of addressing the growing problem of space debris to enable continued development of space communication and exploration.
ASTRONOMY
Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside Earth's atmosphere. It includes studying stars, planets, moons, nebulae, galaxies, and other astronomical objects as well as their evolution, physics, chemistry, and interactions. Related fields include cosmology, which studies the universe as a whole, and astrophysics which applies physics to astronomical objects and phenomena. Astronomy uses various methods of observation across the electromagnetic spectrum from radio to gamma rays. Some important astronomers mentioned include Galileo, who made early observations with telescopes and contributed to the scientific revolution, Hipparchus who created one of the first star catalogs, Edwin Hubble who discovered galaxies outside the Milky Way, and Johannes Kepler who explained the motions of planets
WHAT IS SPACE DEBRIS????
Space debris refers to non-functional human-made objects in space including defunct satellites, spent rocket stages, and other fragments. The amount of space debris has grown significantly over the past 50 years as space activity has increased. There are now over 25,000 pieces large enough to track that orbit the Earth. Collisions with space debris pose risks to both operational satellites and human spaceflight through damage. Potential solutions to the growing problem include deorbiting satellites at end of life, moving them to graveyard orbits, using tethers to remove objects, and developing active debris removal technologies. International cooperation will be needed to address this issue and ensure the future sustainability and safety of space activities.
Menace From Outer Space
Menace from asteroids, comets, and other debris from outer space to life and civilization on mother earth.
Solar system
This document provides an overview of the solar system, including its origin, components, and current state of study. It describes the sun and planets Mercury through Neptune. It also discusses dwarf planets, satellites or moons, asteroids, and comets. The solar system formed from a solar nebula according to the nebular hypothesis. Today, the solar system is studied using land and space-based telescopes as well as space missions.
Introduction to Astronomy Notes
The scientific study of the universe has evolved over time as new evidence and theories have emerged. Originally, it was thought that Earth was at the center of the universe with objects orbiting in perfect circles (Geocentric model). However, observations found inconsistencies, such as retrograde motion of planets. Ptolemy proposed adding spheres to explain orbits, while Copernicus suggested a sun-centered model (Heliocentric model). Kepler later determined planets orbit in ellipses with the sun at one focus. Galileo's telescope provided new evidence supporting Copernicus, while the Big Bang theory describes the origin of the universe.
Astronomy
Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena outside the Earth's atmosphere, while astrology is the pseudoscience claiming to divine information about human affairs based on the positions of stars and planets. Early astronomers like Ptolemy, Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, and Johannes Kepler made observations and developed models of the universe that established astronomy as a science. Galileo Galilei was one of the first to use a telescope to observe craters on the Moon, moons of Jupiter, and sunspots, advancing the field. Modern astronomers use powerful optical and space telescopes to study distant galaxies and probe deeper into space.
Tools used by astronomers (au + lightyears)
Early astronomers used tools like the sundial, merkhet, quadrant, astrolabe, and cross-staff to measure the passage of time and the positions of stars and other astronomical objects. The telescope, invented in the late 16th century, revolutionized astronomy by allowing astronomers to observe celestial objects in greater detail. Units like the astronomical unit (AU) and light-year provide standardized measures for distances within our solar system and across the wider universe.
Space debris,Space pollution
Space debris refers to defunct objects in Earth's orbit, including old satellites and rocket parts. There are over 500,000 pieces of debris floating in orbit, posing a collision threat. The amount of debris has created a "debris zone" surrounding Earth. As space activities continue, the debris population will grow, increasing risks to future spaceflights unless debris is actively removed.
Parker solar probe
The document summarizes the Parker Solar Probe mission to study the Sun up close. The probe will use Venus flybys over 7 years to gradually shrink its orbit and get within 3.83 million miles of the Sun's surface. It aims to trace the solar wind and answer questions about why the Sun's corona is so hot. The probe was launched in 2018 and has already completed its first orbit, with 24 planned orbits to bring it closer to the Sun than any previous spacecraft.
Early Astronomical Instruments
- Sundials use the sun's position to tell time and can only be used outdoors during daylight hours without cloud cover. Ancient examples were placed in prominent locations to indicate solstices and equinoxes.
- Stonehenges were used as celestial calendars, burial sites, sacrificial altars, and defensive structures in ancient times.
- Telescopes allow viewing of distant celestial objects like stars, planets, and galaxies. The Hubble Space Telescope is the most advanced telescope currently in use.
Journey to mars planet ppt
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and has a reddish appearance due to iron oxide on its surface. It has a thin atmosphere composed of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons, is located on Mars. Several robotic rovers have explored Mars, including Curiosity which landed in 2012 and continues to study the planet's environment and geology. India has also successfully sent an orbiter, called Mangalyaan, to study Mars from orbit.
Planet Mars
Mars has two small moons called Phobos and Deimos. It has icy poles and channels that may have once held life. Temperatures average around -83C but can reach a high of 20C and a low of -140C. The surface is characterized by debris, rocks, boulders, canyons, inactive volcanoes, and red dust. The northern hemisphere is smoother due to repeated lava flows. Mars weighs 6.4185x1023 kg and has a diameter of 6800 km.
astronomy introduction
This document provides an overview of astronomy and the solar system. It defines astronomy as the study of anything seen in the sky and beyond. It describes how astronomy uses observation and integration with other sciences due to the difficulty of conducting experiments. It then reviews the key components of the solar system, including the sun, terrestrial planets like Earth and Mars, gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn, and smaller objects. Finally, it discusses units for measuring astronomical distances and provides examples to demonstrate the immense sizes within the universe.
Other members of solar system
Comets, asteroids, meteoroids, and meteorites are different types of small solar system bodies. Comets are icy bodies that develop tails as they heat up when passing near the sun. Asteroids orbit the sun and most reside in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Meteoroids are smaller objects that enter the earth's atmosphere and are called meteors when burning up in the sky. Those that survive entry and hit the ground are meteorites.
Space Debris - An Environmental Problem for Space Missions
Space Debris Report
What is Space Debris? Why is Space Debris dangerous? Space Debris Events,
Threat to Space Missions, Measures taken for Cleaning Space Debris, ISRO – Space Debris.
The Solar System (Space)
A presentation that looks at the historical views of the solar system, provides information about all the planets as well as seasons, eclipses and the day.
Space debris
This presentation gives a basic idea of the increasing space debris and some important methods to clear them .
Space Facts for Kids Infographic
We're off to space! Let your kids explore the wonders of the great vast universe and launch their ideas to space. Here are some fascinating facts about space to kick off your child's dreams.
What's hot (20)
Space Debris - An Environmental Problem for Space Missions
Space Debris - An Environmental Problem for Space Missions
Similar to Hazards of space
Space Debris-PPT.pptx
Space debris refers to defunct human-made objects in space such as nonfunctional spacecraft, rocket stages, and fragments from explosions or collisions. There are over 128 million pieces smaller than 1 cm, around 900,000 between 1-10 cm, and about 34,000 larger than 10 cm currently orbiting Earth. The growing amount of space debris poses a risk to active satellites and spacecraft through collisions. Efforts are underway to track debris and develop guidelines to mitigate future debris, though anti-satellite tests by some countries continue adding to the problem.
A Space Suit for Extra Ordinary Martian Conditions 1
A space suit designed specifically for exploring Mars is proposed that addresses the challenges of the Martian environment. The suit would have multiple protective layers, including an inner gravity skin suit to mitigate muscle and bone loss. The outer layers would protect against dust storms and radiation. Systems would be embedded in the suit layers to recycle waste and provide life support through a tight-fitting biometric counter-pressure suit and helmet. The suit would be designed for flexibility and reliability through localized self-repair capabilities while maintaining overall system integrity.
LIFE IN SPACE.pptx
Space begins about 62 miles above Earth where there is no appreciable air. In space, astronauts must have oxygen, food, water, and rest supplied from Earth. Space suits protect astronauts from harsh conditions by providing breathing oxygen and protecting them from temperature extremes and space debris. Future plans include continued development of space technology to enable longer missions and human exploration of places like Mars.
THE HUMAN CHALLENGES OF CONQUERING SPACE AND COLONIZING OTHER WORLDS.pdf
1. The document discusses the major human challenges of space exploration and colonizing other worlds, including developing technologies to:
2. Produce rockets capable of reaching near-light speeds to travel vast distances in space. Current chemical rockets are limited and producing vehicles that can reach the speed of light poses radiation hazards.
3. Protect humans during space travel by developing advanced life support systems for environments outside Earth, such as proposed inflatable heat shields and high-tech spacesuits for Mars.
4. Identify habitable exoplanets and enable human survival off Earth through developing sustainable living and power systems for space colonies. Overcoming these challenges is necessary for humanity to expand beyond Earth.
life in the universe
The document discusses the search for life in the universe. It defines life as having the ability to react to the environment, grow through nourishment, reproduce, and evolve. Early Earth conditions allowed amino acids to form, and the first single-celled organisms appeared 3.5 billion years ago. Other potential places for life in our solar system include Mars, Europa, and Titan. Estimates of intelligent civilizations in the galaxy are uncertain but suggest the nearest one may be hundreds of lightyears away. Earth has sent probes into space carrying information about us and leaks radio signals, while searching radio frequencies like the "water hole" for messages.
Space pollution
Presentation on Space pollution, the genesis of space debris, history, future implications, recent events, growing concern and threats.
It will be helpful for the students of science streams, disaster management courses.
Contact sujaypaulfb@gmail.com to get full access and copy of the file.
pace exploration, Solar system, Astrophysics, Space tourism, Space technology...
The document discusses space pollution and orbital debris. It defines space pollution as man-made objects in Earth's orbit that no longer serve a purpose, like spent rocket stages and nonfunctional satellites. Some key causes of space pollution mentioned are collisions between satellites which break them apart into thousands of pieces. The effects are that debris can collide with active satellites and space instruments at very high speeds. Methods to reduce space pollution include improving collision avoidance and removing old objects from crowded orbital regions.
Space-Exploration-1150-NXPowerLite.pptx
The document provides an overview of space exploration, including:
1) It discusses mankind's curiosity about life in the universe and the factors that allow exploration of outer space, such as characteristics of the solar system and human accommodations like protective suits.
2) Satellites and probes were used to collect information before manned missions, and the slingshot effect allows probes to escape planetary gravity.
3) Space shuttles carry crews into low Earth orbit and space stations allow long-term experiments, while mission control monitors activities to keep astronauts safe.
kitp_ucsb_armagan_2010.ppt
This document provides an overview of detecting planets beyond our solar system. It begins with distinguishing key differences between stars and planets, noting that planets do not shine on their own. It then discusses what makes a planet habitable, focusing on factors like liquid water, breathable air, and an atmosphere that protects from radiation. The document outlines several tools used to detect exoplanets, including spectrographic imaging to analyze atmospheric compositions, the radial velocity method that detects wobbles in star movements caused by planetary gravitational pulls, and the photometry method that monitors star brightness changes when planets pass between stars and observers. It concludes by noting the ongoing efforts to discover potentially habitable Earth-like planets outside our solar system.
Space pollution
Space pollution refers to man-made debris and objects in Earth's orbit. Some key causes of space pollution include collisions between satellites which can result in thousands of new pieces of debris, as well as anti-satellite tests conducted by countries. Space junk travels at over 22,300 mph and can damage other satellites and spacecraft through collisions. Potential ways to prevent additional space pollution include implementing collision avoidance by satellites and removing older objects from crowded orbital regions.
Iss
The document summarizes research conducted aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is an international collaboration among five space agencies to operate a research facility in low Earth orbit. It began assembly in 1998 and hosts research in areas like protein crystal growth, combustion, and the effects of microgravity on humans and materials. The ISS provides a platform to study life in space and further space exploration and commercialization efforts.
Iss
The International Space Station (ISS) is a large research facility in low Earth orbit that serves as a microgravity and space environment laboratory. It is a joint project of several space agencies including NASA, RKA, JAXA, CSA, and ESA. Microbes were the first inhabitants of the ISS, carried aboard by crews and hardware, posing health risks. Researchers conduct experiments on the ISS related to protein crystal growth, tissue engineering, combustion, and other areas while living and working in its 43,000 cubic feet of pressurized volume. Maintaining human life aboard requires recycling air and water while mitigating effects of microgravity like muscle and bone loss through exercise.
Intro to Astronomy
The document discusses upcoming NASA space shuttle missions, an asteroid passing close to Earth, and provides an introduction to astronomy topics including the Big Bang theory, formation of stars and galaxies, light years, types of galaxies, solar systems, and milestones in space exploration. Key information includes the launch dates and durations of the final two space shuttle missions, an asteroid passing within 45,000 km of Earth on October 5, and an overview of how the universe formed and evolved according to the current scientific understanding.
Debris-growth-pictures-5-16-09.ppt
The document summarizes the growth of space debris in Earth's orbit over time. It shows how the amount of debris has increased dramatically since the first satellite was launched in 1957. Space debris can remain in orbit for decades and includes non-functional objects as well as fragments from collisions. Charts from NASA illustrate the rise in the number of catalogued debris objects, with over 14,000 tracked pieces of debris currently in orbit, posing a threat to active satellites.
Astronauts.pptx
Astronauts live and work on the International Space Station, which orbits Earth at 27,700 km/hr. They undergo years of training to learn science, space technology, how to speak Russian, and basic medical care. On the ISS, astronauts sleep in sleeping bags attached to walls or ceilings, and go to the bathroom using special zero-gravity toilets. They eat pre-packaged freeze-dried foods and drink liquids.
Similar to Hazards of space (15)
A Space Suit for Extra Ordinary Martian Conditions 1
A Space Suit for Extra Ordinary Martian Conditions 1
THE HUMAN CHALLENGES OF CONQUERING SPACE AND COLONIZING OTHER WORLDS.pdf
THE HUMAN CHALLENGES OF CONQUERING SPACE AND COLONIZING OTHER WORLDS.pdf
pace exploration, Solar system, Astrophysics, Space tourism, Space technology...
pace exploration, Solar system, Astrophysics, Space tourism, Space technology...
More from RileyAntler
Structural forms
The document provides instructions for a structural engineering challenge to build the tallest structure possible using 5 pieces of paper and masking tape within 10 minutes. It defines key structural concepts like strength, stability, and the three basic structural forms: solid/mass, frame, and shell structures. A sketch of the completed structure must be provided.
Unit d structures & forces
The document provides instructions for a classroom activity where students must build the tallest structure possible using only 5 pieces of blank paper and masking tape within 10 minutes. It defines what a structure is and discusses the concepts of structural strength, stability, and the three basic structural forms: solid/mass, frame, and shell structures. A hybrid structure is noted as a combination of two or more forms.
Electromagnetic spectrum
The document discusses the wave model of light and the electromagnetic spectrum. It explains that light is a form of energy that travels in waves, with characteristics like wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and crest and trough. The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all forms of energy that travel as waves, including light, which is classified based on its wavelength.
Light sources
Incandescent lightbulbs produce light through heating while fluorescent and phosphorescent lights use electricity to excite particles that then glow and produce visible light. Fluorescent lights are more energy efficient than incandescent but contain toxic materials, while phosphorescent lights continue glowing after the energy source is removed. Chemiluminescent and bioluminescent lights produce light through chemical reactions, as seen in glow sticks and deep sea creatures, respectively.
Unit c light and optics
The document discusses different types of light sources:
- Incandescent light bulbs produce light by heating a filament to high temperatures. Most of the energy is released as heat.
- Fluorescent lights use electricity to excite mercury vapor which produces ultraviolet light, causing a phosphor coating to glow and produce visible light. They are more energy efficient but harder to dispose of than incandescent lights.
- Phosphorescent materials continue to glow for a period of time after the light source is removed by slowly releasing stored energy.
- Chemiluminescent and bioluminescent reactions produce light through chemical processes in glow sticks and deep sea creatures.
- Light is a type of electromagnetic wave.
Excretory system
The excretory system works to maintain balance in the body by filtering waste and toxins from the blood and eliminating them from the body. It is led by the kidneys, which filter waste through tiny nephrons. The kidneys then produce urine, which travels through ureters to the bladder for storage and is later released through the urethra. In addition to the kidneys, the large intestine, liver, skin, and lungs all play roles in excretion to eliminate various waste products.
Nervous system
The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS sends sensory information to the CNS and carries out the CNS's instructions through the body. The peripheral nervous system consists of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions, and the somatic system, which controls voluntary movement and reflexes. Neurons are the basic functional units that transmit chemical and electrical signals throughout the nervous system.
Circulatory system
The circulatory system has two circuits - one sends blood to the lungs to receive oxygen and return to the heart, while the second sends oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood back to the heart, and capillaries allow for gas exchange between blood and tissues. The heart is divided into four chambers - two atria that receive blood and two ventricles that pump blood out, with the right side pumping to the lungs and left side pumping to the body.
Specialized cells & tissues
Specialized cells combine to form four main tissue types in humans and animals - connective, epithelial, nervous, and muscle tissue. Connective tissue supports and connects parts of the body, epithelial tissue covers the outside of the body and lines organs, nervous tissue makes up the brain and spinal cord, and muscle tissue allows movement. Cells also combine to form three tissue types in plants - photosynthetic tissue uses sunlight to produce energy, protective tissue forms a waterproof layer, and transport tissue moves food and water.
Cell transport
This document discusses several concepts related to cell transport. It defines concentration and explains that diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration. It also defines permeable, impermeable, and semi-permeable membranes. A semi-permeable membrane, like the cell membrane, allows some substances like water and small particles to pass through via diffusion while blocking larger particles, which require channel proteins. The document also explains that osmosis is a special type of diffusion where water moves through a semi-permeable membrane from a low solute concentration to a high solute concentration. The tonicity of the environment determines whether cells appear bloated or shrunken.
The cell
All organisms are made of cells, which contain specialized structures called organelles that each perform a specific function. Cells work together to form tissues, organs, and organ systems. Cells can be thought of as living factories containing organelles that act as the nucleus directing activities, mitochondria generating energy, a cell membrane controlling what enters and exits, vacuoles storing materials, cytoplasm providing nutrients, and in plant cells, a cell wall providing structure and chloroplasts carrying out photosynthesis.
Unit b cells & systems
The document provides information about microscopes and cells. It discusses the first microscope invented by Zacharias Janssen and how it allowed humans to see a new microscopic world. It then explains the basic parts and use of the compound light microscope, including how lenses are used to enlarge images and micrometers are used to measure tiny objects. It also discusses estimating sizes of objects viewed under the microscope using the field of view. The document concludes by outlining the six main characteristics of living things: made of cells, need energy, grow and develop, respond to environment, reproduce, and have adaptations.
Biomagnification
Biomagnification refers to the increasing concentration of chemicals as they move up the food chain. Chemicals accumulate in plants and algae, which are then eaten by smaller fish, building up further in larger fish and predatory birds and mammals. This can lead to toxic levels of chemicals like mercury and pesticides in organisms high on the food chain, including humans. An example given is how mercury from power plant emissions concentrates over 10,000 times moving from water to algae to fish to humans. Exposure to high levels of biomagnified chemicals can cause illness and affect offspring.
Transporting chemicals
Chemicals can be transported through the air, groundwater, surface water, and soil. In the air, chemicals disperse and deposit based on their properties and wind patterns. Groundwater transports chemicals slowly through permeable soil. Surface water carries dissolved chemicals long distances while non-dissolved chemicals sink and concentrate near the source. Chemicals also leach through soil, with the rate affected by soil composition.
Monitoring the atmosphere
The document discusses greenhouse gases and their role in trapping heat in the atmosphere. It defines greenhouse gases as atmospheric gases like carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane that trap heat. It then explains the greenhouse effect as radiant energy from the sun being reflected back to the Earth's surface by a layer of these gases, trapping heat. It also discusses the enhanced greenhouse effect caused by increased carbon dioxide emissions from human activities and deforestation, which add to the heat-trapping in the atmosphere. A separate section explains ozone depletion and the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from UV radiation, and how CFC chemicals released into the atmosphere break down the ozone.
Monitoring air quality
Air quality is determined by measuring pollutant levels in the air and estimating emissions from sources. Common air pollutants include sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and ground-level ozone. Sulfur dioxide forms smog and acid rain and affects respiratory and eye health, produced from burning coal and oil. Nitrogen oxides are produced from vehicle and industrial combustion and cause smog. Ground-level ozone forms from reactions between oxygen, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds from vehicles, industry and trees, and can cause breathing problems.
Monitoring water quality
Monitoring water quality is important to detect harmful pollutants and their concentrations. Five important chemical factors that indicate water quality are undissolved solids, phosphates and nitrates, dissolved oxygen, dissolved carbon dioxide, and heavy metals. Each of these factors can be tested through specific chemical reactions to determine their presence and concentration in water samples. Biological indicators like the presence of certain aquatic organisms can also help assess water quality.
Human impacts
Human activities like agriculture, solid waste disposal, and industry have significantly impacted the environment by adding and releasing chemicals. Agriculture contributes to eutrophication through fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus and pesticides that can accumulate up the food chain. Solid waste disposal in landfills produces leachate containing heavy metals and other toxins that seep into soil and water without protective layers. Wastewater from daily use also contaminates the environment with chemicals even after treatment at sewage plants. Burning fossil fuels further pollutes the air with gases causing acid rain and air pollution.
Transport of substances
This document discusses several methods of transporting substances in biology. Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from high to low concentration. Osmosis is a type of diffusion where water moves through a membrane. Active transport moves nutrients against a concentration gradient using energy. Ingestion directly takes substances in, while hydrolysis uses enzymes and water to break down larger molecules. A substrate provides nutrients and a surface for an organism to live or move on.
Acids & bases
This document defines acids and bases, their properties, and how pH is used to measure acidity and alkalinity. Acids have a pH below 7 and increase hydrogen ion concentration in water, tasting sour. Bases have a pH above 7 and increase hydroxyl ion concentration, tasting bitter. Neutral substances have a pH of 7. pH is measured on a scale of 0-14, with lower numbers being more acidic and higher more basic. Acid rain forms when rainwater reacts with air pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from industry and vehicles.
More from RileyAntler (20)
Recently uploaded
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Insectsplayamajorroleinthedeteriorationoffoodgrainscausingbothquantitativeandqualitativelosses
Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024. Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Recently uploaded (20)
Tissue fluids_etiology_volume regulation_pressure.pptx
Tissue fluids_etiology_volume regulation_pressure.pptx
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Hazards of space
- 2. Hazards of Space As with anything in life, there are risks... Apollo 1 - 1967 - 3 Astronauts died during a training exercise when a fire broke out. Challenger - 1986 - 7 Astronauts died when the shuttle exploded shortly after take-off. Columbia - 2003 - 7 Astronauts died when the shuttle exploded upon re- entering Earth's atmosphere.
- 3. Hazards of Space Let's think about it... First, imagine being strapped into a small enclosed area above several hundred tones of highly explosive fuel. You then have to hope there is nothing to interfere with the take off. When you make it to space you need to watch out for things like; floating debris, meteoroids, and radiation. When you're ready to come home, the re-entry is just as dangerous as floating around in space. The angle you come in at cannot be too shallow (or you will bounce off the atmosphere) or too steep (or you will enter too quickly and burn up). Yikes...that's a lot to worry about!
- 4. Hazards of Space What happens to our bodies in space?
- 5. Hazards of Space What happens to our bodies in space?
- 6. Microgravity Microgravity: Is NOT the absence of gravity - it is what happens when an object is in "free fall" This is what astronauts experience when they orbit the Earth in the International Space Station Muscle mass and bone density decreases when the body does not have to work against gravity all the time. Astronauts exercise a great deal each day to keep up their fitness
- 7. Air & Breathing Astronauts need oxygen but also must have carbon dioxide removed. Pressure must be maintained or air will not move into the lungs - we breathe on Earth because of a difference in pressure inside our lungs and outside the body.
- 8. Life Support Systems In order to meet create a suitable living environment, engineers must design complex systems (called life support systems) to provide the proper environmental conditions (oxygen, CO2, temperature, humidity, pressure) and provide water.
- 9. Space Junk Space Junk: floating debris (pieces of space craft, tiny flecks of paint, parts of rockets, satellites that are no longer working, etc.)
- 10. Space Junk There are millions of pieces of space junk flying in earth’s orbit. Most orbital debris comprises human-generated objects, such as pieces of space craft, tiny flecks of paint from a spacecraft, parts of rockets, satellites that are no longer working, or explosions of objects in orbit flying around in space at high speeds. Most “space junk” is moving very fast and can reach speeds of 18,000 miles per hour, almost seven times faster than a bullet. Due to the rate of speed and volume of debris in LEO, current and future space-based services, explorations, and operations pose a safety risk to people and property in space and on Earth.
- 11. Space Junk In January, 1978, a nuclear-powered Soviet satellite crashed into the Great Slave Lake area of the Northwest Territories. On re- entry to Earth’s atmosphere, the satellite disintegrated, showering radioactive debris. No lives were lost, but clean- up costs were nearly $15 million CDN and took almost 8 months!
- 12. Space Junk