All organisms are made of cells, which contain specialized structures called organelles that each perform a specific function. Cells work together to form tissues, organs, and organ systems. Cells can be thought of as living factories containing organelles that act as the nucleus directing activities, mitochondria generating energy, a cell membrane controlling what enters and exits, vacuoles storing materials, cytoplasm providing nutrients, and in plant cells, a cell wall providing structure and chloroplasts carrying out photosynthesis.

1. The Cell

2. Cells
All organisms are made of at least one cell.
Cells do not work alone:
Tissues: are groups of cells with similar
structure and functions
Organs: are groups of tissues that work
together for a common purpose
Organ systems: are groups of organs that
work together to help you stay alive

3. Cells
Cells are made of many different parts:
Organelles: specialized structures inside of
a cell that carry out specific functions.
One way to think about cells’ organization
is to think of them as living factories,
making all the things necessary for them
to live.These factories have the following
specialized areas.

4. Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell

5. Organelles
1. Nucleus "command centre"
• directs cellular activities
(movement, growth)

6. Organelles
2. Mitochondria "powerhouse"
• chemical reactions occur to
convert energy the cell
receives into a form it can
use.

7. Organelles
3. Cell Membrane "controllable
gateway"
• lets needed material in and
waste materials out.

8. Organelles
4.Vacuoles "storage rooms"
• where nutrients, water, or
other substances are stored in
the cell.
• plants have one large,
animals have many small.

9. Organelles
5. Cytoplasm "kitchen"
• contains nutrients required by
the cell for its life processes.

10. Organelles
6. Cell Wall "frame"
• found only in plant cells that
provides strength and
support to plants.

11. Organelles
7. Chloroplasts "solar panels"
• found in cells of the green
parts of plants.
• carry out photosynthesis,
converting the sun's energy
into food.

12. Organelles
You can also think of the organelles as a city!
Nucleus - city hall
Mitochondria - energy
Cell Membrane / Cell Wall - protection
Vacuoles - storage units
Cytoplasm - food or nutrients
Chloroplasts - farmers