The document discusses challenges and opportunities in the global food system. It notes that food production must increase 50% by 2030 and double by 2050 to meet rising demand. New solutions are needed to boost yields while addressing constraints like water scarcity and less arable land. Emerging technologies like genetically modified crops, vertical farming, and stem cell meat cultivation may help meet future needs. Maintaining genetic diversity through seed banks is also important for ensuring climate-resilient crops.
Natl council for science and the environment 180112 c_hausmannCGIAR
The document discusses the need to sustainably intensify global food production to feed a growing population. It notes that food production must increase by 70% by 2050 to feed over 9 billion people. This will require doubling productivity in many areas through more efficient use of land, water, labor, and investment while minimizing environmental impacts. The concept of "sustainable intensification" is introduced to meet new imperatives of producing more and better quality food using fewer resources and less pollution. Achieving this goal will require strategic decisions and increased investment in agriculture research, technology, infrastructure, and extension services, especially in developing countries where yields currently lag behind.
This document discusses the history and development of Conservation Farming Unit (CFU) in Zambia. Some key points:
- CFU was established in 1996 in Zambia to promote conservation agriculture among small-scale farmers. It was initially supported by organizations like Norad, Sida, and Finnida.
- Early pioneers and proponents of conservation farming techniques in southern Africa are acknowledged, including various researchers and farmers in Zambia and Zimbabwe in the 1970s-1990s.
- Conventional farming practices like continuous tillage are identified as unsustainable and causing issues like soil erosion, low yields and food insecurity. Conservation farming techniques like minimum tillage and no-till are presented
This document discusses trends in the agricultural industry and Monsanto's strategies to address them. It notes that demand for corn will remain strong but nitrogen costs are rising, so Monsanto aims to develop nitrogen-efficient corn to reduce farmer costs. For soybeans, it aims to develop new traits as production shifts to higher-value segments to meet demands for yield and oil content. For cotton, boosting yields is key as production moves to higher-value markets. Monsanto seeks drought-tolerant and water-efficient traits to address water usage challenges across crops.
23 25 jan 2013 csisa kathmandu obj 1 planning- big picture etienneCSISA
This document discusses plans for the CSISA project, which aims to increase food security in South Asia through sustainable intensification of cereal systems. Key points:
1) The project will establish "innovation hubs" across South Asia to test technologies like conservation agriculture, precision nutrient management, and stress-tolerant varieties.
2) These hubs aim to address challenges facing smallholders like climate change, water scarcity, and soil degradation, in order to boost yields while safeguarding the environment.
3) By closing yield gaps and improving resilience, the project intends to help meet rising food demand in the face of threats like groundwater depletion and effects of climate change on agriculture.
USDA made relatively small adjustments in its February supply and demand estimates for corn and soybeans that did not differ significantly from analysts' expectations. However, grain markets reacted negatively due to concerns over tight supplies. Key points include:
- US corn ending stocks were raised slightly but usage categories were unchanged. Exports were reduced.
- US soybean ending stocks were lowered further due to an increase in projected crush. Price forecasts were raised slightly.
- Argentine corn and soybean crops were reduced modestly on weather concerns but remain well above last year. Brazil crop forecasts were increased.
The document discusses challenges and opportunities in the global food system. It notes that food production must increase 50% by 2030 and double by 2050 to meet rising demand. New solutions are needed to boost yields while addressing constraints like water scarcity and less arable land. Emerging technologies like genetically modified crops, vertical farming, and stem cell meat cultivation may help meet future needs. Maintaining genetic diversity through seed banks is also important for ensuring climate-resilient crops.
Natl council for science and the environment 180112 c_hausmannCGIAR
The document discusses the need to sustainably intensify global food production to feed a growing population. It notes that food production must increase by 70% by 2050 to feed over 9 billion people. This will require doubling productivity in many areas through more efficient use of land, water, labor, and investment while minimizing environmental impacts. The concept of "sustainable intensification" is introduced to meet new imperatives of producing more and better quality food using fewer resources and less pollution. Achieving this goal will require strategic decisions and increased investment in agriculture research, technology, infrastructure, and extension services, especially in developing countries where yields currently lag behind.
This document discusses the history and development of Conservation Farming Unit (CFU) in Zambia. Some key points:
- CFU was established in 1996 in Zambia to promote conservation agriculture among small-scale farmers. It was initially supported by organizations like Norad, Sida, and Finnida.
- Early pioneers and proponents of conservation farming techniques in southern Africa are acknowledged, including various researchers and farmers in Zambia and Zimbabwe in the 1970s-1990s.
- Conventional farming practices like continuous tillage are identified as unsustainable and causing issues like soil erosion, low yields and food insecurity. Conservation farming techniques like minimum tillage and no-till are presented
This document discusses trends in the agricultural industry and Monsanto's strategies to address them. It notes that demand for corn will remain strong but nitrogen costs are rising, so Monsanto aims to develop nitrogen-efficient corn to reduce farmer costs. For soybeans, it aims to develop new traits as production shifts to higher-value segments to meet demands for yield and oil content. For cotton, boosting yields is key as production moves to higher-value markets. Monsanto seeks drought-tolerant and water-efficient traits to address water usage challenges across crops.
23 25 jan 2013 csisa kathmandu obj 1 planning- big picture etienneCSISA
This document discusses plans for the CSISA project, which aims to increase food security in South Asia through sustainable intensification of cereal systems. Key points:
1) The project will establish "innovation hubs" across South Asia to test technologies like conservation agriculture, precision nutrient management, and stress-tolerant varieties.
2) These hubs aim to address challenges facing smallholders like climate change, water scarcity, and soil degradation, in order to boost yields while safeguarding the environment.
3) By closing yield gaps and improving resilience, the project intends to help meet rising food demand in the face of threats like groundwater depletion and effects of climate change on agriculture.
USDA made relatively small adjustments in its February supply and demand estimates for corn and soybeans that did not differ significantly from analysts' expectations. However, grain markets reacted negatively due to concerns over tight supplies. Key points include:
- US corn ending stocks were raised slightly but usage categories were unchanged. Exports were reduced.
- US soybean ending stocks were lowered further due to an increase in projected crush. Price forecasts were raised slightly.
- Argentine corn and soybean crops were reduced modestly on weather concerns but remain well above last year. Brazil crop forecasts were increased.
Growing corn after corn can reduce yields compared to rotating with soybeans. Yield reductions are usually greatest when overall yield potential is low. Continuous corn tends to have less extensive root systems, making the crops more susceptible to drought stress. To mitigate yield losses, farmers should select hybrids adapted to stress tolerance, employ residue management practices, consider foliar fungicide applications, ensure proper soil fertility and nitrogen levels, and control weeds especially volunteer corn. Tillage and seedbed preparation are also important considerations for successful corn-after-corn production.
This document discusses enhancing food security in Arab countries through increased crop and livestock productivity using science and technology. It outlines challenges like water scarcity, degradation, and climate change facing the region. Sources of increased food production are discussed, including intensification, increasing arable land and cropping intensity. The document then describes applications of science and technology for sustainable intensification and coping with climate change implications. It proposes a CGIAR research program and concludes that partnerships applying improved technologies can enhance regional food security.
The world food situation is deteriorating. Grain stocks have dropped to a dangerously low level. The World Food Price Index has doubled in a decade. The ranks of the hungry are expanding. Political unrest is spreading.
Central & West Asia and North Africa: Where Wheat Improvement MattersCIMMYT
This document discusses wheat production in Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA). It notes that wheat is the staple food for around 1 billion people in the region. While wheat covers 54 million hectares in CWANA, most countries import over half their wheat needs due to challenges like drought, disease, and increasing populations. The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) works to develop wheat varieties that are high-yielding, resilient to stresses, and improve farming techniques in the region through partnerships. ICARDA maintains a large gene bank and conducts shuttle breeding across locations in CWANA to develop and disseminate improved wheat technologies.
Wheat quality can be defined in terms of inherent quality attributes those under genetic control and seasonal quality attributes. One of the parameters of wheat quality is insect-damage.
Factors influencing fertilizer use intensity among small holder crop farmers ...Alexander Decker
This study analyzed factors influencing fertilizer use among small-scale crop farmers in Abak Agricultural
Zone, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A survey was conducted with 150 farmers and data was analyzed using
descriptive statistics and regression. The results found that most farmers were older with low social capital.
Regression analysis identified age, gender, household size, farm size, perceived fertilizer price, farm
output value, extension visits, number of goats/sheep owned, poultry ownership, and distance to fertilizer
sellers as significant factors affecting fertilizer use. The study recommends further fertilizer subsidies by
the state government and education programs to promote proper family planning and
11.factors influencing fertilizer use intensity among small holder crop farme...Alexander Decker
This study analyzed factors influencing fertilizer use among small-scale crop farmers in Abak Agricultural
Zone, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A survey was conducted with 150 farmers and data was analyzed using
descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The results found that most farmers were older with low social
capital. Regression analysis identified age, gender, household size, farm size, perceived fertilizer price, farm
output value, extension visits, number of goats/sheep owned, poultry ownership, and distance to fertilizer
sellers as significant factors affecting fertilizer use. The study recommends further fertilizer subsidies and
educating farmers on family planning and fertilizer usage to
- TLC began promoting conservation agriculture (CA) in Malawi in 2005 through collaboration with CIMMYT and Malawi's Ministry of Agriculture. CA involves minimum soil disturbance, retention of crop residues, and crop rotations.
- On-farm trials from 2005-2013 found that CA significantly increased maize and groundnut yields compared to conventional ridging, especially in dry years. Yield increases ranged from 11-70% for maize and 122% for groundnuts.
- While over 35,000 farmers have been trained in CA, adoption rates have been low due to traditional farming practices, lack of inputs and crop residues, and inconsistent extension messages causing confusion. Overcoming these challenges is key to further promoting CA in
Adrian Dubock presentation at IFPRI Policy Seminar "Leveraging Agriculture to Improve Human Nutrition Prospects for Golden Rice" held at IFPRI on Thursday, April 14, 2011
This document summarizes advances in sweetpotato breeding from 1992 to 2012. Some key points:
- Sweetpotato production has increased significantly in sub-Saharan Africa over the past 20 years. Yields have also increased slightly at 1% per year across SSA countries.
- Significant genetic variation exists for traits like yield, dry matter content, beta-carotene levels, and micronutrients. This provides opportunities for improvement through breeding.
- Population genetics studies show sweetpotato's hexaploid nature leads to high heterozygosity and genetic load, making it challenging to fix recessive traits but providing opportunities to exploit heterosis.
- Breeding objectives include increasing yield, nutritional
Enhancing Societal Acceptance of GM Crops in IndiaSenthil Natesan
Fate of agricultural biotechnology hinges on how it is perceived by the policy makers and the public
We can help provide information so the stakeholders can make informed choices and pave way for enabling policies
The document discusses smallholder agriculture, noting that there are 400-500 million smallholders worldwide who farm less than 2 hectares of land. Smallholdings remain important for agriculture and rural development, especially in Africa where 80% of farms are smallholdings. The document outlines a "virtuous circle" where increased agricultural productivity and incomes for smallholders leads to economic and rural development. It highlights appropriate technologies, breeding programs, and other innovations that can help smallholders become more productive and resilient in the face of challenges like land degradation, pests, and climate change.
This document provides examples of genetic contamination incidents involving genetically engineered crops. It discusses cases in Canada, the US, Latin America, Europe, Asia, and elsewhere where GE crops have contaminated non-GE varieties through cross-pollination, mixing of seeds, or other means. The document outlines economic and environmental impacts of various contamination events. It argues that preventing further unintended GE contamination is urgently needed given the risks and costs that have already occurred.
Impact and use of biofortified maize in southern China CIMMYT
This document summarizes research on biofortified maize varieties in southern China. It discusses issues like iron, zinc, and vitamin A deficiencies in the region. It then describes breeding efforts to develop high-oil, quality protein, and provitamin A (ProVA) biofortified maize varieties. Two successful varieties developed are Yunrui 8, a high-oil variety, and Yunrui 1, a quality protein variety. Both varieties have good yields, disease resistance, and nutritional quality. They have been widely adopted by farmers, increasing production and improving nutrition. The document also discusses molecular breeding efforts to develop ProVA maize through marker-assisted selection of genes controlling carotenoid levels. This has
The document discusses agricultural input policies in the Philippines across different time periods. It describes how fertilizer and seed policies evolved from heavy subsidies and price controls during the Green Revolution era to market liberalization and reduced subsidies today. It analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of major agricultural programs and how current policies aim to promote private sector participation and food security through trade openness and low import tariffs.
Presentation by Sue Edwards (Institute for Sustainable Development, Ethiopia), at the 2012 Agriculture and Rural Development Day in Rio de Janiero, Learning Event No. 1, Session 4: Ecological Intensification – Key Success Factors of the Award Winning Tigray Project in the Ethiopian Highlands
with Hans Herren (Co-Chair , IAASTD) – The Eco-functional Intensification Principles of Organic Conservation Agriculture (based on push and pull) in Africa and
Andre Leu (President, IFOAM) – The intensification of ecological functions that increase the adaptation and mitigation potential of agriculture (based on Pasture Cropping in Australia and long term comparative research studies from around the globe)
Microdosing, or applying small amounts of fertilizer to crop hills, has shown promising results for improving yields in low-fertility soils in sub-Saharan Africa. Field experiments in Benin compared microdosing techniques to recommended doses and a control with no fertilizer. Microdosing outperformed the other treatments, with higher leaf area indices, grain yields of over 1 ton per hectare, and benefit-cost ratios of around 2.6. On-farm demonstrations replicated these findings, and also found that microdosing used fertilizer more efficiently than recommended doses. Ongoing research is refining optimal microdose amounts and studying long-term soil impacts to enable widespread adoption of the technique.
The document discusses CGIAR reform efforts to address global food security challenges. It notes that CGIAR reform has accomplished much in recent years, including establishing the CGIAR Consortium and Fund to better coordinate research across centers. However, it says the "last mile" of reform is critical to ensure the CGIAR is equipped to tackle the immense challenge of sustainably increasing food production to feed a growing global population. It emphasizes the importance of continued performance management, partnerships, and investments in areas like gender, agrobiodiversity and capacity building.
Growing corn after corn can reduce yields compared to rotating with soybeans. Yield reductions are usually greatest when overall yield potential is low. Continuous corn tends to have less extensive root systems, making the crops more susceptible to drought stress. To mitigate yield losses, farmers should select hybrids adapted to stress tolerance, employ residue management practices, consider foliar fungicide applications, ensure proper soil fertility and nitrogen levels, and control weeds especially volunteer corn. Tillage and seedbed preparation are also important considerations for successful corn-after-corn production.
This document discusses enhancing food security in Arab countries through increased crop and livestock productivity using science and technology. It outlines challenges like water scarcity, degradation, and climate change facing the region. Sources of increased food production are discussed, including intensification, increasing arable land and cropping intensity. The document then describes applications of science and technology for sustainable intensification and coping with climate change implications. It proposes a CGIAR research program and concludes that partnerships applying improved technologies can enhance regional food security.
The world food situation is deteriorating. Grain stocks have dropped to a dangerously low level. The World Food Price Index has doubled in a decade. The ranks of the hungry are expanding. Political unrest is spreading.
Central & West Asia and North Africa: Where Wheat Improvement MattersCIMMYT
This document discusses wheat production in Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA). It notes that wheat is the staple food for around 1 billion people in the region. While wheat covers 54 million hectares in CWANA, most countries import over half their wheat needs due to challenges like drought, disease, and increasing populations. The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) works to develop wheat varieties that are high-yielding, resilient to stresses, and improve farming techniques in the region through partnerships. ICARDA maintains a large gene bank and conducts shuttle breeding across locations in CWANA to develop and disseminate improved wheat technologies.
Wheat quality can be defined in terms of inherent quality attributes those under genetic control and seasonal quality attributes. One of the parameters of wheat quality is insect-damage.
Factors influencing fertilizer use intensity among small holder crop farmers ...Alexander Decker
This study analyzed factors influencing fertilizer use among small-scale crop farmers in Abak Agricultural
Zone, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A survey was conducted with 150 farmers and data was analyzed using
descriptive statistics and regression. The results found that most farmers were older with low social capital.
Regression analysis identified age, gender, household size, farm size, perceived fertilizer price, farm
output value, extension visits, number of goats/sheep owned, poultry ownership, and distance to fertilizer
sellers as significant factors affecting fertilizer use. The study recommends further fertilizer subsidies by
the state government and education programs to promote proper family planning and
11.factors influencing fertilizer use intensity among small holder crop farme...Alexander Decker
This study analyzed factors influencing fertilizer use among small-scale crop farmers in Abak Agricultural
Zone, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A survey was conducted with 150 farmers and data was analyzed using
descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The results found that most farmers were older with low social
capital. Regression analysis identified age, gender, household size, farm size, perceived fertilizer price, farm
output value, extension visits, number of goats/sheep owned, poultry ownership, and distance to fertilizer
sellers as significant factors affecting fertilizer use. The study recommends further fertilizer subsidies and
educating farmers on family planning and fertilizer usage to
- TLC began promoting conservation agriculture (CA) in Malawi in 2005 through collaboration with CIMMYT and Malawi's Ministry of Agriculture. CA involves minimum soil disturbance, retention of crop residues, and crop rotations.
- On-farm trials from 2005-2013 found that CA significantly increased maize and groundnut yields compared to conventional ridging, especially in dry years. Yield increases ranged from 11-70% for maize and 122% for groundnuts.
- While over 35,000 farmers have been trained in CA, adoption rates have been low due to traditional farming practices, lack of inputs and crop residues, and inconsistent extension messages causing confusion. Overcoming these challenges is key to further promoting CA in
Adrian Dubock presentation at IFPRI Policy Seminar "Leveraging Agriculture to Improve Human Nutrition Prospects for Golden Rice" held at IFPRI on Thursday, April 14, 2011
This document summarizes advances in sweetpotato breeding from 1992 to 2012. Some key points:
- Sweetpotato production has increased significantly in sub-Saharan Africa over the past 20 years. Yields have also increased slightly at 1% per year across SSA countries.
- Significant genetic variation exists for traits like yield, dry matter content, beta-carotene levels, and micronutrients. This provides opportunities for improvement through breeding.
- Population genetics studies show sweetpotato's hexaploid nature leads to high heterozygosity and genetic load, making it challenging to fix recessive traits but providing opportunities to exploit heterosis.
- Breeding objectives include increasing yield, nutritional
Enhancing Societal Acceptance of GM Crops in IndiaSenthil Natesan
Fate of agricultural biotechnology hinges on how it is perceived by the policy makers and the public
We can help provide information so the stakeholders can make informed choices and pave way for enabling policies
The document discusses smallholder agriculture, noting that there are 400-500 million smallholders worldwide who farm less than 2 hectares of land. Smallholdings remain important for agriculture and rural development, especially in Africa where 80% of farms are smallholdings. The document outlines a "virtuous circle" where increased agricultural productivity and incomes for smallholders leads to economic and rural development. It highlights appropriate technologies, breeding programs, and other innovations that can help smallholders become more productive and resilient in the face of challenges like land degradation, pests, and climate change.
This document provides examples of genetic contamination incidents involving genetically engineered crops. It discusses cases in Canada, the US, Latin America, Europe, Asia, and elsewhere where GE crops have contaminated non-GE varieties through cross-pollination, mixing of seeds, or other means. The document outlines economic and environmental impacts of various contamination events. It argues that preventing further unintended GE contamination is urgently needed given the risks and costs that have already occurred.
Impact and use of biofortified maize in southern China CIMMYT
This document summarizes research on biofortified maize varieties in southern China. It discusses issues like iron, zinc, and vitamin A deficiencies in the region. It then describes breeding efforts to develop high-oil, quality protein, and provitamin A (ProVA) biofortified maize varieties. Two successful varieties developed are Yunrui 8, a high-oil variety, and Yunrui 1, a quality protein variety. Both varieties have good yields, disease resistance, and nutritional quality. They have been widely adopted by farmers, increasing production and improving nutrition. The document also discusses molecular breeding efforts to develop ProVA maize through marker-assisted selection of genes controlling carotenoid levels. This has
The document discusses agricultural input policies in the Philippines across different time periods. It describes how fertilizer and seed policies evolved from heavy subsidies and price controls during the Green Revolution era to market liberalization and reduced subsidies today. It analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of major agricultural programs and how current policies aim to promote private sector participation and food security through trade openness and low import tariffs.
Presentation by Sue Edwards (Institute for Sustainable Development, Ethiopia), at the 2012 Agriculture and Rural Development Day in Rio de Janiero, Learning Event No. 1, Session 4: Ecological Intensification – Key Success Factors of the Award Winning Tigray Project in the Ethiopian Highlands
with Hans Herren (Co-Chair , IAASTD) – The Eco-functional Intensification Principles of Organic Conservation Agriculture (based on push and pull) in Africa and
Andre Leu (President, IFOAM) – The intensification of ecological functions that increase the adaptation and mitigation potential of agriculture (based on Pasture Cropping in Australia and long term comparative research studies from around the globe)
Microdosing, or applying small amounts of fertilizer to crop hills, has shown promising results for improving yields in low-fertility soils in sub-Saharan Africa. Field experiments in Benin compared microdosing techniques to recommended doses and a control with no fertilizer. Microdosing outperformed the other treatments, with higher leaf area indices, grain yields of over 1 ton per hectare, and benefit-cost ratios of around 2.6. On-farm demonstrations replicated these findings, and also found that microdosing used fertilizer more efficiently than recommended doses. Ongoing research is refining optimal microdose amounts and studying long-term soil impacts to enable widespread adoption of the technique.
The document discusses CGIAR reform efforts to address global food security challenges. It notes that CGIAR reform has accomplished much in recent years, including establishing the CGIAR Consortium and Fund to better coordinate research across centers. However, it says the "last mile" of reform is critical to ensure the CGIAR is equipped to tackle the immense challenge of sustainably increasing food production to feed a growing global population. It emphasizes the importance of continued performance management, partnerships, and investments in areas like gender, agrobiodiversity and capacity building.
The document discusses updates on reforms to the CGIAR, a global agricultural research partnership. Key points include:
- Major achievements have been made in CGIAR reform, but more work remains in the "last mile" to ensure the reforms fully deliver on their promise.
- The reforms have established a CGIAR Consortium, Fund, and portfolio of CRPs (Collaborative Research Programs) to better coordinate research.
- Performance management systems still need improvement to set clear priorities and metrics for measuring outcomes of the CRPs.
- Partnerships also need more fulfillment of expectations through improved alignment and perception surveys.
- Continued priority issues are making the CRPs focused on clear outcomes and impact
Schneider population growth, economic development, and foodbfnd
This lecture discusses the relationship between population growth, economic development, and food security. It explores whether food production can meet the needs of a growing population. Several factors that impact food availability are examined, including population growth, economic growth, land use changes, and climate change. Both factors that increase food scarcity and mitigate scarcity are identified. The lecture also describes the methods used to quantitatively assess the net impact of different development factors on food security.
This presentation discusses the evolution of developing country agriculture from the "Green Revolution" period to the emerging use of the "Gene Revolution" technologies.
‘Scenarios for Policy: Transforming Farming, Landscape and Food Systems for the 21st Century’ was a side event held at the Hunger for Action Conference: 2nd Global Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change. This session, coordinated by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) considered future policy options for the major transformative changes needed in farming, landscapes and food systems to make climate-smart agriculture a reality.
This document summarizes research on using switchgrass and perennial grasses for biofuel production. The main conclusion is that the US can displace over 30% of current petroleum consumption by 2030 using crop residues and biomass from perennial crops like switchgrass to produce cellulosic ethanol. Research has shown that switchgrass is well-suited as a biofuel feedstock because it is native, low-input, high-yielding, supports soil and wildlife conservation, and can be harvested with existing farm equipment. USDA and university researchers have made progress in improving switchgrass through breeding programs and optimizing its management through studies of harvest timing, nitrogen fertilization needs, and cultivar evaluations.
The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) jointly hosted the International Conference on Climate Change and Food Security (ICCCFS) November 6-8, 2011 in Beijing, China. This conference provided a forum for leading international scientists and young researchers to present their latest research findings, exchange their research ideas, and share their experiences in the field of climate change and food security. The event included technical sessions, poster sessions, and social events. The conference results and recommendations were presented at the global climate talks in Durban, South Africa during an official side event on December 1.
Informing policy development for sustainable and productive food production s...Joanna Hicks
The document discusses improving food production systems in dry areas through more efficient water use. It notes that global food security faces challenges of increasing production 70-100% by 2050 without significant price increases due to population growth, climate change, and land/water constraints. Dry areas have severe water scarcity issues exacerbating these challenges. The document advocates for policies and research that optimize productivity through sustainable production, rural development, and environmental/social outcomes to better inform policy development for dry areas.
Conservation agriculture for resource use efficiency and sustainability BASIX
The Green Revolution era focused on enhancing the production and productivity of crops. New challenges demand that the issues of efficient resource use and resource conservation receive high priority to ensure that past gains can be sustained and further enhanced to meet the emerging needs. Extending some of the resource-conserving interventions developed for the agricultural crops are the major challenges for researchers and farmers alike. The present paper shares recent research experiences on resource conservation technologies involving tillage and crop establishment options and associated agronomic practices which enable farmers in reducing production costs, increase profitability and help them move forward in the direction of adopting conservation agriculture.
The official concern for food productivity stagnation calls for a Second Green Revolution involving new hybrid rice and transgenic rice varieties. However, traditional rice landraces prove to be fine tuned to local soil and climatic conditions. Traditional farmer landraces can yield significantly greater in marginal environmental conditions than any modern hybrid variety. Traditional agoecological knowledge and farmer innovations are the best bet to address the food security issue.
Presentation delivered by Dr. Hans-Joachim Braun (Global Wheat Program, CIMMYT) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
Presentation by Aracely Castro at the 2012 Agriculture and Rural Development Day (ARDD) in Rio de Janiero, Learning Event No. 3, Session 1: How can sustainable intensification of livestock production through improved feeding practices help realize livelihood and environmental benefits? http://www.agricultureday.org
Livestock and global change: Towards a sustainable and equitable livestock se...ILRI
This document discusses balancing trade-offs in the livestock sector between food production, efficiency, livelihoods, and the environment. It notes that livestock occupy a large amount of global land and water resources and account for a significant portion of greenhouse gas emissions. However, livestock also provide important economic and nutritional benefits globally. Going forward, more sustainable and equitable livestock systems will be needed to meet increasing demand for livestock products while minimizing environmental impacts. Intensification of production could allow for higher output with fewer animals and less land expansion, but trade-offs would need to be carefully considered.
The document discusses the impacts of the Green Revolution in India from the 1960s onward. It summarizes that while the Green Revolution significantly increased food grain production and productivity, it also led to negative environmental, economic, and social consequences. Specifically, it caused heavy reliance on chemical inputs, fossil fuels, and groundwater extraction leading to water stress. It reduced crop diversity and increased farmer indebtedness and suicides. Regional imbalances also emerged between states. Overall, the Green Revolution had both benefits of increasing food supply but also significant costs for the environment and farmers.
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Presentations for CTA/WUR Inception Workshop on “Mainstreaming Tertiary Education in ACP ARD Policy Processes: Increasing Food Supply and Reducing Hunger”
The document discusses several challenges related to global food security:
1) Food production places huge demands on land, water, and environmental resources while also being a major polluter.
2) Global population and economic growth are increasing demand for food substantially by 2050 while constraints on expanding agricultural land limit supply growth.
3) Climate change is increasing weather extremes and variability, threatening global food production.
4) More sustainable agricultural practices are needed to increase production while reducing environmental impacts, but there are no simple solutions and trade-offs often exist between farming and ecology. Both supply-side improvements and demand-side changes will be important to achieving global food security.
Similar to Rijsberman cgiar science overview funders forum 2-11-2012 (20)
Rijsberman cgiar science overview funders forum 2-11-2012
1. Update on CGIAR Research & Results
Frank Rijsberman, CEO CGIAR Consortium, November 2, 2012
2. Overview
• Food Security: the greatest challenge facing
humanity in coming decades
• Sustainable intensification
• Promising science
• CGIAR results and impacts
3. Food Insecurity and Undernutrition
Remain Persistent
Prevalence of Micronutrient
2011 Global Hunger Index
Deficiencies
GHI components: Deficiencies in:
• Proportion of undernourished • Iron
• Prevalence of underweight in children • Vitamin A
• Under-five mortality rate • Zinc
20 countries have alarming or
extremely alarming levels of
hunger
Source: von Grebmer et al. 2011 Source: HarvestPlus 2011 Shenggen Fan | December 2011
4. Humanity’s Greatest Challenge
Producing 70%
more food by
2050,
UN, K.Park
without
destroying the
environment
CIAT, N.Palmer
CIAT, N.Palmer
CIAT, N.Palmer
5. Sustainable Intensification
• 75% from land already in use
• By small-scale farmers,
majority women
• Where the food is consumed
• In a climate smart way
CIAT, N.Palmer
6. Food Price Spikes put Food Security
back on the agenda
Inflation-adjusted prices of maize, wheat, rice, soybeans, and oil
1990–2011
Source: IFPRI
7. Land Grab in Africa: 30 million ha
BIDCO acquires
26,500 hectares for a
palm oil plantation
in Uganda,
displacing
thousands of
smallholder farmers
Credit: FoEI / ATI - Jason Taylor
8. Green Revolution:
Intensification in Asia
Development of semi-dwarf, high-yield,
and disease-resistant varieties, 1960s-70s
Increased fertilizer use
Massive investment in irrigation
CIMMYT
9. Global Cereal Yield Trends, 1966-2009
2009
5 corn: 1.3%
Corn yield
Grain yield (t ha )
-1 -1
slope = 64 kg ha y
-1
4 1966 (~1 bu ac-1 y-1) rice: 1.3%
Rice yield
-1 -1
slope = 53 kg ha y
3 corn: 2.8%
wheat: 1.4%
Wheat yield
rice: 2.9%
2 -1 -1
slope = 40 kg ha y
wheat: 2.9%
1
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Source: FAOSTAT Year
10. For food prices to remain constant, annual
yield gains would have to increase
• From 1.6% to 2.4% for maize
• From 0.9% to 1.5% for rice
• From 1.1% to 2.3% for wheat
• On essentially the same land area, with less water, nutrients, fossil fuel,
Climat e
labor and as climates change change
Wat er, nut rient &
energy scarcit y Projected
demand by
2050 (FAO)
Diseases
World-wide average yield
Linear
extrapolations
• First concerns: late 1990s of current
trends
(t ons ha-1 )
• The more we delay investments, Potential effect
the steeper the challenge of climate-
change-induced
heat stress on
today’s cultivars
(intermediate
Agronomy Breeding
CO2 emission
scenario)
Year
11. Plateau in Yields of Major Grains
8 8 12 USA-irrigated
Rice Wheat Maize
Grain yield (t ha )
10
-1
6 R.Korea 6 Northwest Europe
China 8
USA-rainfed
4 Indonesia
4 China 6
4 China
2 India 2
India 2 Brazil
0 0 0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year Year Year
Stagnating yields for:
• rice in Korea, Japan, California and China
• wheat in northwest Europe, Great Plains USA
• maize in China, France, Italy and irrigated maize in the USA
12. Crop yield gap - Rice
• IRRI, ideal conditions
3 crops of 7 t/ha: 21t/ha/yr
• Philippines, irrigated:
2 crops of 4 t/ha: 8 t/ha/yr
• Africa, upland rice:
1 crop of 2 t/ha 2 t/ha/yr
13. Water Productivity
remains very low over most areas
WP (estimated potential - typically 1-2 kg/m3)
WP (estimated actual - typically 0.1-0.5 kg/m3)
Yellow
River
Indus
Ganges
Mekong
Nile
Limpopo
Volta
Niger
14. What is the science potential ?
• Life Science Revolution – molecular biology
• Molecular markers for marker aided selection
• Characterizing genetic diversity
• Creating new gene pools
• IT revolution – crop management, precision agriculture
• Satellite information to predict crop growth
• Cheap sensors from soil moisture to weather
• Mobile phones for extension and market info
• Holistic approach – ecological intensification
• Landscape approach
• Farming systems and livelihood strategies
• Access to markets, value chains, nutrition, food safety
15. DNA Sequencing Costs Plummeting:
Life sciences more dynamic than IT
10-5 human
hair
Nanopore Technology
Will Lower Costs Even More
17. Progress on Mainstreaming
Gender Research
• A CGIAR-wide Gender Research Strategy approved
• Gender and Agriculture Network established
• Almost all CRPs have initiated Gender Strategies
• Proposal developed for Gender Performance Fund to incentivize
mainstreamed implementation of Gender Strategies
18. Reducing the Vulnerability of Farming Communities
to Drought and Climate Change
WHY? 41% of the world’s land area, home to 2.5 billion people ; widespread poverty, food insecurity, and
environmental degradation
EXPECTED IMPACTS
• In six years, 20–30% increase in agricultural productivity in high-potential target areas; 10–20% in low potential areas
• Out-scaling of technologies will have wider impact, improving standard of living for many more people
• 87 million people living in dryland systems will have improved and more secure incomes
Action sites cover 11 thousand million hectares
19. Integrated Systems for the Humid Tropics
WHY? The humid and subhumid tropics – with 2.9 billion people on about 3 billion hectares of land – are critical
to global food supplies, central to the maintenance of global biodiversity, and vital to the mitigation of
greenhouse gases.
EXPECTED IMPACT in 15 years
• Increasing staple food yields by 60%
• Increasing average farm income by 50%
• Lifting 25% of poor households above the poverty line
• Reducing the number of malnourished children by 30%
• Restoring 40% of degraded farms to sustainable resource management
20. With communities, changing lives
WHY? Reach the 400 million people - 50% living on less than USD 1.25/day - left behind by the Green Revolution
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
The Program will improve the lives of 10 million poor and vulnerable users of aquatic agricultural systems by 2016 -
50 million by 2022
21. AAS
Impact at scale through innovation
Gender Transformative
Research: gender
integration + supporting
change to gender norms
that increase development
effectiveness
Monitoring, Evaluation and
Impact Assessment:
developing tools fit for purpose
22. Policies, Institutions and Markets
WHY? Policies that end hunger and reduce poverty
Governance models and institutions that ensure sustainable, positive change – especially for those who need it
most such as women and children
Long-term benefits along the agricultural value chain, from farmer to consumer
EXPECTED IMPACT by 2025
7–10% reduction poverty due to improvements on market access
Diversification of nonfarm income and reduced risks
Global crop, livestock, and fish production increased by 10–15 %
Reduced child malnutrition by 3–5 %
23. IFPRI & CRP Policies, Institutions and Markets
G20 Analytical support:
Global coordination to reduce price volatility
• Create global and regional grain reserves
• Located in poor food importing countries e.g. Horn of Africa
• Support transparent and free global trade
• Eliminate harmful trade restrictions and prevent new ones
• Minimize food-fuel competition
• Halt grain-based biofuel production
• Monitor global food prices
• G-20’s information system (AMIS) / IFPRI’s Excessive Food Price
Variability Early Warning System
24. MAIZE - Global alliance for improved food security and livelihoods
WHY? By 2025, maize will have the greatest production in the developing world, and the greatest demand growth
worldwide of any crop.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
• Maize productivity growth of 33% by 2030.
• Enough maize for 600 million more maize consumers by 2030.
• More productive, resilient and sustainable farming systems.
EXPECTED REACH 640 million maize-dependent poor living on less than $2 per day, including 120 million malnourished
children.
25. MAIZE- Accomplishments
PARTNER ENGAGEMENT
• Systematic priority-setting with 300 partner
organizations.
• 28% of all MAIZE funding goes to partners
outside the CGIAR.
RESULTS
• Systems intensification research engages
farmers on 3 continents/in 13 countries.
• Climate ready maize varieties available in 13
countries in Africa.
• Maize improvement consortia formed among
Asian and Latin American seed companies.
• Africa increases efforts to reduce post-
harvest losses from pests and mycotoxins.
• Most comprehensive maize diversity analysis
delivers first avalanche of data.
26. WHEAT - Global alliance for improved food security and livelihoods
WHY? Wheat provides 21% of food calories and 20% of protein for more than 4.5 billion in 94 countries, sustains 1.2
billion wheat dependent poor (< USD 2 per day); wheat demand will grow 60% by 2050; rising temperatures will reduce
yields.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
• Raise yield growth to 1.6% per year, to keep pace with demand.
• Boost the genetic yield potential of the wheat plant 50% or more.
• Wheat grain for an additional 397 million consumers by 2030.
EXPECTED REACH 800 million (84%) wheat dependent poor living on less than $2 per day.
27. WHEAT- Impact
Wheat can - and must! - compete in Africa
• Recent 12-country analysis: wheat production
in eight African nations can and should
increase.
• Africa will spend US$12 billion to import 40
million tons of wheat in 2012.
• 250 international, African wheat experts &
policymakers met in Addis Ababa during
08-12 October; Organized by CRP WHEAT,
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research
(EIAR) & the African Union (link to CAADP);
resulting “Addis Declaration” will shape policy
directions
New kinds of partnership
• 31 global partner Wheat Yield Consortium:
Funder Meet 13th Nov led by BBSRC, USAID
• $2.4mn WHEAT competitive partner grants
• Genetic resource analysis: most extensive
search ever for heat tolerance in wheat =
Basis for new Heat & Drought Consortium in
2013
28. Roots, Tubers and Bananas
WHY? Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTBs) major food security staples, cheap sources of energy and key nutrients;
14-60% of daily calories of many of the world’s poor; great potential for higher yields and increased system productivity;
relatively insulated from global price fluctuations; often grown by women, and among the poorest of the poor in marginal
areas; significant cross crop synergies with highly heterozygote materials, vegetative propagation and bulky and
perishable products
EXPECTED OUTCOMES by 2021
• Play an enhanced role within a diversified global food security system
• Reduce risks of food shortages and nutritional shortfalls
• Improve incomes and livelihoods benefiting 200 million women, men and children
29. RTB - Impact
Gender: from rhetoric to reality
• Context: Women play a significant
role in post-harvest activities and
processing of RTB crops
• Progress: RTB gender strategy
identified key areas for gender
research, eg sustaining women’s
presence in marketing and
processing as value chain upgrading
takes place
30. Grain Legumes
WHY? Legumes are the cheapest option to improve the nutrition of poor people who often rely on
inexpensive but nutritionally-imbalanced starchy diets
EXPECTED IMPACT in 10 years
• 300 million people in smallholder farm households benefit from an average 20% increase in yields
• USD 4.5 billion saved over the decade as cumulative benefits of increased food production and saved
nitrogen fertilizer
• Food supplies increased by 7.1 million tons and an additional 415,000 tons of atmospheric nitrogen fixed
31. Dryland Cereals
WHY? More than a billion of the Earth’s poorest inhabitants live in harsh dryland environments
Dryland cereals are often the only possible crops. About 70–80% of the grain produced is consumed by the
poor as food, with the remainder used for feed and other non-food uses. Nearly all smallholder farmers use
dryland cereals as fodder in integrated crop–livestock systems
EXPECTED IMPACT in 10 years:
• Sustainable 16% increase in dryland cereal farm-level production on at least 11.8 million hectares in Africa
and Asia
• Improved technologies made available to 5.8 million smallholder households – 34.0 million total
beneficiaries in target regions
32. More meat, milk and fish, by and for the poor
WHY?
• Animal-source foods provide critical inputs to the health of women and children
• Nearly 1 billion (70%) of the world’s 1.4 billion extremely poor people depend on livestock.
• 400 million people in Africa and South Asia depend on fish for most of their animal protein
• 156 million landless people keep livestock
• Two-thirds of the world’s livestock keepers are rural women
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
• Dairy and pigs: double productivity and incomes in target value chains
• Aquaculture: increase fish consumption by 20% in target value chains
• Goats and sheep: increase productivity to double incomes in target value chains
33. Livestock and Fish – Progress & Results
• Multi-stakeholder Dairy Development Forum
established in Tanzania to identify systemic
dairy industry bottlenecks and co-create
solutions.
• Rapid value chain assessment toolkit and
associated participatory feed resource
methods developed and tested in Ethiopia,
India, Tanzania and Uganda.
• ‘Abbassa’ improved line of Nile tilapia
showing 28 per cent greater harvest weight
than the ‘best’ commercial strain currently in
use in Egypt.
• Thermostable vaccine for peste des petits
ruminants (PPR) developed and under
production.
34. Water, Land and Ecosystems
THE CHALLENGE: How to lift millions of farming families out of poverty and improve how land and
water resources are managed while maintaining vibrant ecosystems
EXPECTED OUTCOMES by 2020
• 15 million smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa have sustained food security because yield gaps are
reduced while maintaining ecosystem functions in rainfed landscapes
• Enhance food security and household income for about 20 million rural people in the Eastern Gangetic
Plains by improving access to irrigation
• Minimize the health risks associated with the use of wastewater and excreta in agriculture which can
benefit an estimated 21 million vegetable farmers and 175 million consumers currently exposed to
35. WLE - Impact
Success Story:
Ground Water Policy change Aditi Mukerjhi
2012 Borlaug Award
Winner
• Agricultural growth in West Bengal had
slumped by more than half.
• Research identified that a major
hindrance to agricultural productivity
was getting access to groundwater.
• New policies recommended by IWMI
were adopted to improve groundwater
access for smallholder farmers.
• The policy change could benefit more
than 5.6 million smallholders.
36. Forest, Trees and Agroforestry
WHY? Responds to a call for an urgent, strong and sustained effort focused on forest management and
governance, given the crucial role of forests in confronting some of the most important challenges of our time:
climate change, poverty, and food security
EXPECTED IMPACT in 10 years:
• 0.5–1.7 million hectares of forest saved annually from deforestation
• 0.16–0.68 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions reduced per year = 29–123 million cars off the road
annually
• 3 million producers and traders and their families benefit from ecologically and socially sustainable production
and management practices
• Double income from forest and agroforestry products for target households
37. ForestsTreesAgroforestry - Impact
Success Story: Capacity building
Increased focus among partners on raising capacity in forestry sector
Highlight: Survey in 2005 found less than 10 active researchers in DRC –
a country that represent 60% of the Congo Basin’s forests. Project at the
University of Kisangani: 53 MSc students trained (22 about to start); 6 PhDs
completed & 13 PhDs ongoing. Separate project in Congo Basin on climate
change adaptation trained 40 MSc students
38. Agriculture for Nutrition and Health
WHY?
• More than 2 billion people worldwide are micronutrient deficient
• 180 million children under the age of 5 are stunted
• 13 zoonoses are responsible for 2.4 billion human illnesses and 2.2 million deaths per year
For these reasons, and many more, progress in improving the nutrition and health of poor farmers and
consumers (especially women and young children) is vital and urgent
39. A4NH
How Can Agriculture Improve Nutrition & Health?
• Improve nutrition quality and food safety in value
chains for nutrient-rich foods
• Via biofortified staple crops—5 biofortified crops
have been released since 2007; approx. 4 million
households will be growing those crops by end of
2015
• Recent releases:
– Vitamin A cassava released in December 2011
– Vitamin A maize released in 2012 in Nigeria and
Zambia
– Iron beans released in Rwanda in 2012
– Iron pearl millet commercialized in India in 2012
by private company
• Via diet diversity
• Through linking agriculture with nutrition and
health programs, policies, and investments
40. A4NH Micronutrient Crops
Cassava Pearl Millet
Provitamin A Iron (Zinc)
DR Congo, Nigeria India
2011 2012
Beans Rice
Iron (Zinc) Zinc
DR Congo, Rwanda Bangladesh, India
2012 2013
Maize Wheat
Provitamin A Zinc
Zambia India, Pakistan
2012 2013
2014-2018 Delivery-at-scale: 40 million people from 8 target countries
41. A4NH Evidence - Nutrition Outcomes
Agriculture &
Food Chains Randomized nutrition trials:
• Homestead food production
• Integrated agriculture and health
programs
• Biofortified crops
Direct • Food assistance, food vouchers,
Nutrition Gender cash transfers
Interventions
National baseline surveys:
• Household nutrition and
agriculture in Bangladesh
Social
Protection
42. The Dublin Process
Enhancing CAADP and CGIAR
Alignment and Partnership
• Strong demand for CGIAR engagement from African partners
• Efforts underway:
• MoU African Union - CGIAR
• African Science Agenda
• Regional Productivity Workshops
• Mapping & Alignment Tool
• Shared leadership among CAADP, CGIAR and development
partners
• Political momentum through the G8 and G20 in support of
this process, will include Technology Innovation Platform
• Involves joint planning and priority setting
43. GCP’s Integrated Breeding Platform:
major public launch Dec ‘12
Marker-assisted breeding can cut 3-5 years from breeding cycle, with estimated
benefits in order of hundreds of millions of US$ for cassava alone
www.integratedbreeding.net
45. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
International collections
46. Genebank Samples Distributed per Year
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Source: Collections online databases, publications, and personal communications between Trust and Genebank Managers, 2008,-2010
47. ACIAR Impact Assessment of CGIAR
• ACIAR 2011 impact
assessment of IRRI’s rice
breeding in Vietnam,
Indonesia, Philippines
• Benefits: $1.46 billion
per year from 1985 - 2009