The document outlines Morocco's Green Plan for Food Security. It discusses key challenges facing Morocco's agriculture sector, including water scarcity and dependence on food imports. The plan proposes two pillars: 1) aggressively developing a high-value commercial agriculture sector through public-private partnerships and 2) supporting smallholder farmers by helping them professionalize their operations. It highlights ongoing efforts like converting irrigation systems to drip irrigation to save water and increase productivity. The plan aims to boost domestic production, rural development and food security through modernizing agriculture while ensuring social and environmental sustainability.
This document summarizes the outputs, outcomes, and lessons learned from a project in Nepal that aimed to develop lentil varieties with higher concentrations of iron and zinc. Key outputs included developing new lentil lines through breeding and disseminating micronutrient-rich varieties to farmers. Outcomes included the proposed release of a new variety called RL-4 and wider dissemination of iron- and zinc-rich varieties. Capacity building activities like farmer training were also conducted. Lessons learned included that participatory programs like variety selection trials were effective for creating demand and that involving more women helped rapid dissemination.
International Conference on Pulses 2016 Concluding RemarksICARDA
This document summarizes key points from presentations at the 2016 International Conference on Pulses. It discusses the transition from commodity-focused CRPs to agri-food systems CRPs, and the importance of taking multi-disciplinary, collaborative approaches. The Dryland Cereals and Legumes CRP was presented as an example, focusing on pre-breeding, trait discovery, variety development, and improving seed systems. Developing sustainable intensification and addressing challenges through 2050 will require innovative solutions and integrating social and technological innovations.
The document outlines Morocco's Green Plan for Food Security. It discusses key challenges facing Morocco's agriculture sector, including water scarcity and dependence on food imports. The plan proposes two pillars: 1) aggressively developing a high-value commercial agriculture sector through public-private partnerships and 2) supporting smallholder farmers by helping them professionalize their operations. It highlights ongoing efforts like converting irrigation systems to drip irrigation to save water and increase productivity. The plan aims to boost domestic production, rural development and food security through modernizing agriculture while ensuring social and environmental sustainability.
This document summarizes the outputs, outcomes, and lessons learned from a project in Nepal that aimed to develop lentil varieties with higher concentrations of iron and zinc. Key outputs included developing new lentil lines through breeding and disseminating micronutrient-rich varieties to farmers. Outcomes included the proposed release of a new variety called RL-4 and wider dissemination of iron- and zinc-rich varieties. Capacity building activities like farmer training were also conducted. Lessons learned included that participatory programs like variety selection trials were effective for creating demand and that involving more women helped rapid dissemination.
International Conference on Pulses 2016 Concluding RemarksICARDA
This document summarizes key points from presentations at the 2016 International Conference on Pulses. It discusses the transition from commodity-focused CRPs to agri-food systems CRPs, and the importance of taking multi-disciplinary, collaborative approaches. The Dryland Cereals and Legumes CRP was presented as an example, focusing on pre-breeding, trait discovery, variety development, and improving seed systems. Developing sustainable intensification and addressing challenges through 2050 will require innovative solutions and integrating social and technological innovations.
ICRISAT Research Program West and Central Africa 2016 Highlights-Development ...ICRISAT
1) The ICRISAT-WCA Groundnut Breeding program develops improved groundnut varieties for West and Central Africa. It conducts breeding work, variety trials, and shares new varieties with national programs.
2) In 2016, the program advanced over 325 breeding populations, conducted preliminary variety trials of 122 lines, and identified several new "best-bet" varieties for release in Mali, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Ghana.
3) Efforts to enhance the program's efficiency include increasing the scale of breeding activities, mechanizing field operations, digitizing data collection and management, and adopting new technologies like barcoding and mobile data collection.
Asia Regional Planning Meeting-Current Project Portfolio and Outputs for Grai...ICRISAT
Developed drought tolerant lines in chickpea through selection based on partitioning coefficient,Improving drought adaptation in chickpea through marker-assisted breeding and trait based selection
Pigeonpea is an ideal crop for sustainable agriculture as it provides food, feed, fuelwood, fodder, and acts as a bio-fertilizer through nutrient recycling. It is drought tolerant and performs well in low fertility soils. The document summarizes progress on various pigeonpea projects in Asia and Eastern and Southern Africa, highlighting farmer preferred varieties identified, drought tolerance screening results, disease resistance breeding efforts, capacity building activities, and development of hybrids for higher yield. It concludes with visions for expanding the area under pigeonpea production through introduction in new agro-climatic zones and exploitation of genetic resources from wild species.
This document outlines an action plan for chickpea production in Ethiopia for 2016/17. It details objectives and activities to leverage gender and learning to maximize poverty and food security impacts, enhance chickpea productivity and production, develop sustainable seed systems, and popularize new varieties. Key activities include gender analysis, breeding new varieties, producing and distributing various seed classes, establishing multi-stakeholder platforms, conducting demonstrations, and developing guidelines. Targets are provided for traits, lines, seed quantities, demonstrations, and platform members to be trained.
Pigeonpea production in East and Southern Africa has increased dramatically over the past two decades due to improved varieties and farming practices. In the early 1990s, pigeonpea was an unimportant intercrop grown with traditional low-yielding varieties. A revised strategy introduced adapted medium- and long-duration varieties with traits preferred by farmers and export markets like quick cooking times and disease resistance. Varietal testing, germplasm collection, and breeding addressed temperature variations and gaps. Improved agronomy, market linkages, seed systems, and capacity building supported wider adoption of high-yielding varieties. As a result, pigeonpea area and productivity doubled from the 1990s to 2012, becoming a key food and cash crop for
Presentation by Dr David Bergvinson, Director General, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) at International Trade Centre (ITC) and Indian Pulses and Grains Council (IPGA) on 24 August 2016.
This document summarizes strategies to improve seed potato quality and supply in sub-Saharan Africa based on interventions in five countries. It discusses the importance of potatoes, the problem of lack of quality seed, and objectives to increase availability of affordable quality seed. Strategies used rapid multiplication techniques like aeroponics to produce pre-basic seed, which was then multiplied through specialized seed farms and smallholder farmers. Results showed increased seed production and higher yields. Lessons highlighted the role of clean seed and public-private partnerships, and recommendations called for investment in the seed sector and quality declared community schemes to improve access to quality planting material.
The Crop Trust is an organization that aims to ensure long-term conservation and availability of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. It seeks to safeguard globally important ex situ crop collections and promote a rational, efficient, and sustainable global system for ex situ conservation. The Crop Trust works with international agricultural research centers and other partners around the world to support regeneration of crop collections, build capacity, and send samples for safety duplication. Over 100,000 crop accessions have been regenerated and distributed internationally to strengthen global conservation efforts for food security.
Solutions for Impact in Emerging Markets: The role of biotechnologyICRISAT
To develop and deploy state-of-the-art infrastructure for conduct of transgenic research and to act as a clearinghouse for technology inputs, transgenic research leads/ prototypes with proof of concept derived from Indian research institutes, universities, and other likely sources.Also to evolve the technology to a point where a practical application can be demonstrated, and transfer this “evolved” technology for product development and distribution to appropriate agencies.
The Cereals Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) aims to reverse the decline in cereal yield growth, reduce hunger and malnutrition, and increase food and income security in South Asia over the next decade. It will pursue this through an integrated approach including delivery of new technologies through partnerships, development of future cereal-based cropping systems, and cereal breeding programs for rice, wheat and maize. Key activities will include establishing delivery hubs across South Asia to disseminate seeds, agronomic practices and post-harvest technologies. The initiative is funded by multiple donors and implemented through partnerships between international agricultural research centers and national agricultural institutions.
TL III Genetic Gains Program improvement Plan_Groundnut_TanzaniaTropical Legumes III
This document provides information about the National Oilseeds Research Programme at the Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute in Tanzania. The institute's mandate crops include sesame, groundnuts, sunflower, pigeonpea, bambara nuts, cowpea and green gram. The objectives are to develop high-yielding varieties resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses, improved agronomic practices, identify pests and diseases, and enhance household food security and income through oilseed crops. Groundnut improvement projects from 2006-2018 are summarized. Groundnut production constraints like diseases, drought, and socioeconomic factors are also outlined.
The IFAD-funded CLCA project aims to develop and test integrated crop-livestock conservation agriculture approaches for smallholder farmers in North Africa and Central Asia. Key achievements include collecting survey data from over 1,000 farms, conducting on-station and on-farm experiments on stubble grazing strategies and fodder production, and implementing over 45 on-farm trials of conservation agriculture technology packages across three countries. The project also strengthened capacities through various training courses attended by over 280 participants. While gains include soil protection, water use efficiency and crop diversification, adoption faces tradeoffs such as increased herbicide use and less stable incomes. Strengthening partnerships with national and international institutions will help address challenges to adopting integrated crop-livestock
This document summarizes the work of ICRISAT's Impact Assessment Office. It provides an overview of completed and upcoming impact assessment studies, which measure the effects of ICRISAT research. It describes how impact assessments are conducted along the entire research process from baseline data collection through technology adoption. The document highlights key impacts found, such as increased incomes for farmers, and returns on investment in watershed management. It also outlines objectives to quantify impacts, establish contributions to institutional outcomes, and measure returns to research investments across multiple projects.
The document outlines the workplan for groundnut production in Mali for 2016/2017. The objectives are to 1) leverage gender and learning to maximize poverty reduction and food security impacts for smallholder farmers and 2) enhance groundnut productivity and production. Key activities under the objectives include evaluating adopted technologies and their impacts, improving women farmers' production capacities, testing and releasing improved varieties, demonstrating best varieties, and developing a sustainable multi-stakeholder seed system. The workplan involves various partners and includes activities such as training, demonstrations, variety trials, breeding, and seed production and distribution.
HarvestPlus: Progress To Date andFuture ChallengesACIAR
HarvestPlus aims to improve nutrition through biofortified staple crops. It has made progress breeding crops with higher micronutrient levels, shown these nutrients are bioavailable, and facilitated the release and adoption of biofortified varieties in several countries. However, challenges remain to scale up delivery in target countries through mass distribution and ensure biofortification efforts are sustainable and integrated within agricultural institutions long-term. Addressing malnutrition will require breaking down divisions between agriculture, food, nutrition and health to view them as interrelated.
This document outlines the course objectives, theory, and practical for AEE 511 Rural Development Programs in Pakistan. The course objectives are to describe rural development philosophies, identify key rural development programs in Pakistan, and critically evaluate government plans and policies. The theory section covers the concept, approaches, and importance of rural development in Pakistan, including programs from V-AID to participatory development projects. It also provides a critical analysis of current government rural development plans and policies. For practical, each student will research and present a report on an important aspect of rural development in Pakistan.
Estimating Poverty Level and Sustainable Development in rural_Abdul Hameed_V_...Abdul Hameed leghari
This study analyzed poverty levels and sustainable development in rural Pakistan using data from the Pakistan Rural Household Survey of 2013. The key findings were:
1) 44% of households lived below the poverty line, with 26% in the poorest category. Poverty decreased with higher education levels and female-headed households tended to be less poor.
2) Households receiving microcredit tended to be poorer due to misuse of loans.
3) Areas with the highest percentages of people living in poverty - with poor access to water, sanitation, housing quality - were Thatta, Hyderabad, Sanghar, and DG Khan. The richest areas like Attock and Mansehra had much higher
ICRISAT Research Program West and Central Africa 2016 Highlights-Development ...ICRISAT
1) The ICRISAT-WCA Groundnut Breeding program develops improved groundnut varieties for West and Central Africa. It conducts breeding work, variety trials, and shares new varieties with national programs.
2) In 2016, the program advanced over 325 breeding populations, conducted preliminary variety trials of 122 lines, and identified several new "best-bet" varieties for release in Mali, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Ghana.
3) Efforts to enhance the program's efficiency include increasing the scale of breeding activities, mechanizing field operations, digitizing data collection and management, and adopting new technologies like barcoding and mobile data collection.
Asia Regional Planning Meeting-Current Project Portfolio and Outputs for Grai...ICRISAT
Developed drought tolerant lines in chickpea through selection based on partitioning coefficient,Improving drought adaptation in chickpea through marker-assisted breeding and trait based selection
Pigeonpea is an ideal crop for sustainable agriculture as it provides food, feed, fuelwood, fodder, and acts as a bio-fertilizer through nutrient recycling. It is drought tolerant and performs well in low fertility soils. The document summarizes progress on various pigeonpea projects in Asia and Eastern and Southern Africa, highlighting farmer preferred varieties identified, drought tolerance screening results, disease resistance breeding efforts, capacity building activities, and development of hybrids for higher yield. It concludes with visions for expanding the area under pigeonpea production through introduction in new agro-climatic zones and exploitation of genetic resources from wild species.
This document outlines an action plan for chickpea production in Ethiopia for 2016/17. It details objectives and activities to leverage gender and learning to maximize poverty and food security impacts, enhance chickpea productivity and production, develop sustainable seed systems, and popularize new varieties. Key activities include gender analysis, breeding new varieties, producing and distributing various seed classes, establishing multi-stakeholder platforms, conducting demonstrations, and developing guidelines. Targets are provided for traits, lines, seed quantities, demonstrations, and platform members to be trained.
Pigeonpea production in East and Southern Africa has increased dramatically over the past two decades due to improved varieties and farming practices. In the early 1990s, pigeonpea was an unimportant intercrop grown with traditional low-yielding varieties. A revised strategy introduced adapted medium- and long-duration varieties with traits preferred by farmers and export markets like quick cooking times and disease resistance. Varietal testing, germplasm collection, and breeding addressed temperature variations and gaps. Improved agronomy, market linkages, seed systems, and capacity building supported wider adoption of high-yielding varieties. As a result, pigeonpea area and productivity doubled from the 1990s to 2012, becoming a key food and cash crop for
Presentation by Dr David Bergvinson, Director General, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) at International Trade Centre (ITC) and Indian Pulses and Grains Council (IPGA) on 24 August 2016.
This document summarizes strategies to improve seed potato quality and supply in sub-Saharan Africa based on interventions in five countries. It discusses the importance of potatoes, the problem of lack of quality seed, and objectives to increase availability of affordable quality seed. Strategies used rapid multiplication techniques like aeroponics to produce pre-basic seed, which was then multiplied through specialized seed farms and smallholder farmers. Results showed increased seed production and higher yields. Lessons highlighted the role of clean seed and public-private partnerships, and recommendations called for investment in the seed sector and quality declared community schemes to improve access to quality planting material.
The Crop Trust is an organization that aims to ensure long-term conservation and availability of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. It seeks to safeguard globally important ex situ crop collections and promote a rational, efficient, and sustainable global system for ex situ conservation. The Crop Trust works with international agricultural research centers and other partners around the world to support regeneration of crop collections, build capacity, and send samples for safety duplication. Over 100,000 crop accessions have been regenerated and distributed internationally to strengthen global conservation efforts for food security.
Solutions for Impact in Emerging Markets: The role of biotechnologyICRISAT
To develop and deploy state-of-the-art infrastructure for conduct of transgenic research and to act as a clearinghouse for technology inputs, transgenic research leads/ prototypes with proof of concept derived from Indian research institutes, universities, and other likely sources.Also to evolve the technology to a point where a practical application can be demonstrated, and transfer this “evolved” technology for product development and distribution to appropriate agencies.
The Cereals Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) aims to reverse the decline in cereal yield growth, reduce hunger and malnutrition, and increase food and income security in South Asia over the next decade. It will pursue this through an integrated approach including delivery of new technologies through partnerships, development of future cereal-based cropping systems, and cereal breeding programs for rice, wheat and maize. Key activities will include establishing delivery hubs across South Asia to disseminate seeds, agronomic practices and post-harvest technologies. The initiative is funded by multiple donors and implemented through partnerships between international agricultural research centers and national agricultural institutions.
TL III Genetic Gains Program improvement Plan_Groundnut_TanzaniaTropical Legumes III
This document provides information about the National Oilseeds Research Programme at the Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute in Tanzania. The institute's mandate crops include sesame, groundnuts, sunflower, pigeonpea, bambara nuts, cowpea and green gram. The objectives are to develop high-yielding varieties resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses, improved agronomic practices, identify pests and diseases, and enhance household food security and income through oilseed crops. Groundnut improvement projects from 2006-2018 are summarized. Groundnut production constraints like diseases, drought, and socioeconomic factors are also outlined.
The IFAD-funded CLCA project aims to develop and test integrated crop-livestock conservation agriculture approaches for smallholder farmers in North Africa and Central Asia. Key achievements include collecting survey data from over 1,000 farms, conducting on-station and on-farm experiments on stubble grazing strategies and fodder production, and implementing over 45 on-farm trials of conservation agriculture technology packages across three countries. The project also strengthened capacities through various training courses attended by over 280 participants. While gains include soil protection, water use efficiency and crop diversification, adoption faces tradeoffs such as increased herbicide use and less stable incomes. Strengthening partnerships with national and international institutions will help address challenges to adopting integrated crop-livestock
This document summarizes the work of ICRISAT's Impact Assessment Office. It provides an overview of completed and upcoming impact assessment studies, which measure the effects of ICRISAT research. It describes how impact assessments are conducted along the entire research process from baseline data collection through technology adoption. The document highlights key impacts found, such as increased incomes for farmers, and returns on investment in watershed management. It also outlines objectives to quantify impacts, establish contributions to institutional outcomes, and measure returns to research investments across multiple projects.
The document outlines the workplan for groundnut production in Mali for 2016/2017. The objectives are to 1) leverage gender and learning to maximize poverty reduction and food security impacts for smallholder farmers and 2) enhance groundnut productivity and production. Key activities under the objectives include evaluating adopted technologies and their impacts, improving women farmers' production capacities, testing and releasing improved varieties, demonstrating best varieties, and developing a sustainable multi-stakeholder seed system. The workplan involves various partners and includes activities such as training, demonstrations, variety trials, breeding, and seed production and distribution.
HarvestPlus: Progress To Date andFuture ChallengesACIAR
HarvestPlus aims to improve nutrition through biofortified staple crops. It has made progress breeding crops with higher micronutrient levels, shown these nutrients are bioavailable, and facilitated the release and adoption of biofortified varieties in several countries. However, challenges remain to scale up delivery in target countries through mass distribution and ensure biofortification efforts are sustainable and integrated within agricultural institutions long-term. Addressing malnutrition will require breaking down divisions between agriculture, food, nutrition and health to view them as interrelated.
This document outlines the course objectives, theory, and practical for AEE 511 Rural Development Programs in Pakistan. The course objectives are to describe rural development philosophies, identify key rural development programs in Pakistan, and critically evaluate government plans and policies. The theory section covers the concept, approaches, and importance of rural development in Pakistan, including programs from V-AID to participatory development projects. It also provides a critical analysis of current government rural development plans and policies. For practical, each student will research and present a report on an important aspect of rural development in Pakistan.
Estimating Poverty Level and Sustainable Development in rural_Abdul Hameed_V_...Abdul Hameed leghari
This study analyzed poverty levels and sustainable development in rural Pakistan using data from the Pakistan Rural Household Survey of 2013. The key findings were:
1) 44% of households lived below the poverty line, with 26% in the poorest category. Poverty decreased with higher education levels and female-headed households tended to be less poor.
2) Households receiving microcredit tended to be poorer due to misuse of loans.
3) Areas with the highest percentages of people living in poverty - with poor access to water, sanitation, housing quality - were Thatta, Hyderabad, Sanghar, and DG Khan. The richest areas like Attock and Mansehra had much higher
The document summarizes the Rural Development Foundation (RDF) in Pakistan, established in 1978 to support rural development projects. RDF aims to empower farmers, laborers, craftsmen, women and youth through village-based programs focused on agriculture, health, education, water and sanitation. Key activities include forming village committees, research, workshops, and publishing materials. RDF also runs a pilot project in Taxila to develop a model village with improved infrastructure, health clinic, skills training centers, and computer lab. The organization is non-political and self-funded through membership fees, donations and project consultancy.
Rural development indicator A Presentation by Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agr...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Rural development indicator A Presentation by Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agri Extension /Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Rural Development and Agricultural SustainabilityA. İrfan İLBAŞ
Rural development policy aims to support rural regions through improving economic, environmental and social conditions. The document outlines goals of rural development including encouraging organization of rural populations, providing basic services, achieving sustainable incomes, and maintaining natural resources. It discusses related institutions and provides examples of regional and rural development projects in Turkey. Components of agricultural development discussed include increasing yields, product diversity, developing agriculture industry, and ensuring sustainability. The document emphasizes the importance of sustainability through ecological, economic and social means such as proper resource management, marketing, and rural modernization.
The document discusses rural development programs in India's 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017). It outlines various central government schemes focused on employment generation, agriculture, housing, social security, rural infrastructure like roads and credit access. Major programs discussed include MGNREGA, Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, Indira Awas Yojana, Integrated Watershed Management Program, National Rural Livelihood Mission, Total Sanitation Campaign, and initiatives for rural electrification, drinking water access, and livelihood development. The 12th Five Year Plan allocates significantly higher funds for rural development compared to the 11th Plan, with a focus on creating jobs, boosting agricultural growth, expanding housing and social programs
This document summarizes a report on agriculture and rural development in Pakistan. It finds that while agriculture contributes less to GDP growth than in the past, it remains important for poverty reduction. Rural poverty levels remain high. The report argues that agriculture can still contribute to growth if Pakistan improves policies around irrigation, water management, seeds, and fertilizer. It also argues for empowering rural communities through better public services, aspirations, and taking advantage of the 18th amendment's devolution of power.
This document summarizes wheat consumption in Pakistan. It discusses wheat production, storage capacity, trade, and problems in the industry. Wheat is a major crop and food source in Pakistan, though production has remained stagnant while population grows. Storage capacity is insufficient for wheat volumes. Issues include smuggling, taxes, artificial shortages, and lack of consistent government policy. Recommendations include improving demand forecasting, facilitating private storage, subsidizing farmers indirectly, and addressing population growth or stagnating yields.
WHEAT FLOUR FORTIFICATION STATUS IN PAKISTAN AND ENTREPRENEURIAL APPROACHESMalik Tariq Sarwar Awan
As Global Alliance for improved Nutrition is relaunching Wheat Flour Fortification Project in Pakistan with Pakistan Flour Mills Association and National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Pakistan. This was My presentation at two day training workshop for ENTERPRENEURSHIP APPROACH IN VALUE ADDED BAKED PRODUCTS.
The document discusses the major crops of Pakistan including wheat, rice, maize, bajra, barley, jowar, cotton, sugarcane, and sugar beet. For each crop, it describes their vegetative and reproductive stages, grains, and grain products. The crops are important food and fiber sources in Pakistan.
IMPACTS OF WHEAT STRIPE RUST IN PAKISTAN: BREEDING AND CONTROL STRATEGIESICARDA
- Wheat is a major crop in Pakistan, accounting for 40% of total cropped area and 13.1% of value addition to GDP. However, wheat production faces numerous disease threats.
- Rust diseases such as stripe/yellow rust, leaf/brown rust, and stem/black rust cause substantial losses across Pakistan. New races of the pathogens have emerged over time, overcoming previously resistant wheat varieties.
- Major epidemics of yellow rust occurred from 1985-2006 due to the widespread cultivation of susceptible varieties like Veery 5. New resistant varieties with multiple genes are being developed and released to control rust diseases.
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The document discusses the production of wheat and its supply and demand in Pakistan. It notes that wheat is the staple food and accounts for a significant portion of Pakistan's GDP and agricultural production. Wheat production in Pakistan was forecast to be 24 million tons in 2013/14, though the target of 25 million tons was not achieved in 2011/12. Various government policies and initiatives like land reforms and promoting high-yielding varieties during the Green Revolution contributed to increasing wheat productivity over time. Punjab is the largest wheat producing province. The demand for wheat in Pakistan is projected to be around 22-23 million tons to feed the domestic population as well as exports.
Wheat is the most widely grown cereal grain in the world. The document provides details about wheat, including the main varieties grown in India, uses of wheat, production and trade figures, factors that influence wheat prices, the wheat value chain, and India's role in wheat production and trade. It also discusses futures trading in wheat on the MCX exchange and describes the main participants in wheat futures markets, including hedgers, speculators, and arbitragers.
The document discusses several environmental issues facing Pakistan, including soil erosion, deforestation, water pollution, and improper waste management. It notes that rapid population growth and urbanization have put pressure on Pakistan's natural resources. The Sindh Environmental Protection Agency was established to regulate polluters and raise environmental awareness. The Sindh province recently passed its own environmental protection act to address issues like enforcing standards and conducting environmental impact assessments. However, questions remain about how it will transition from the previous national law and whether new rules and regulations need to be developed.
Golden Rice is genetically modified rice that contains three introduced genes capable of beta-carotene synthesis, giving the rice kernels a golden yellow color. It was developed to combat vitamin A deficiency, a major cause of blindness and death in children in Southeast Asia where rice is a staple food but does not provide vitamin A. The development of Golden Rice involved transferring three genes - two from daffodils and one from bacteria - to allow the rice to produce beta-carotene. While it provides a sustainable solution and its seeds can be resown, Golden Rice also faces challenges in increasing its beta-carotene levels and transferring the genes to local rice varieties.
Wheat is the top crop grown in Kansas and the most important export crop in the United States, being used to make many foods including bread, pasta, cereal, and more. Wheat is crucial to Kansas's economy as the leading wheat producer nationwide, with farmers planting, harvesting, and selling wheat to grain elevators and flour mills. Kansas produces enough wheat annually to bake enough bread to feed the world's population for two weeks.
Wheat is a major crop in India, grown on 267 lakh hectares and producing 721 lakh tonnes annually. The top wheat producing states are Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, and Madhya Pradesh, contributing over 99% of India's wheat. When India gained independence in 1947, wheat production was only 6.46 million tonnes due to low-yielding varieties and lack of modern farming techniques. The government launched programs to promote high-yielding varieties and improve productivity, making India now self-sufficient in wheat production.
The document describes a new upscale/casual restaurant located in a high rise across from a train station. The restaurant aims to source ingredients locally within a 400 mile radius and donate 5% of profits to local farmers. The menu features seasonal items and focuses on sustainability practices like composting and an on-site aquaculture system for tilapia. The target market is business professionals and residents ages 25-50 who want a farm-to-table experience in an urban setting.
1) The IFAD-funded CLCA project aims to develop and test innovative integrated crop-livestock conservation agriculture approaches through participatory research with farmers in Algeria, Tunisia, and Tajikistan.
2) Key achievements include collecting over 1,100 farm surveys, conducting on-station and on-farm trials of stubble grazing and fodder production, and testing conservation agriculture technology packages on over 45 farms across the three countries.
3) The project has also enhanced capacity through over 15 training courses attended by 280 trainees, eight field days reaching 357 farmers, and publications including conference papers, films and posters.
The summary provides an overview of ICRISAT's research programs in Asia during 2020-2021, which faced challenges due to COVID-19 restrictions. Key points include:
- Virtual meetings and online platforms were used extensively for collaboration and capacity building during lockdowns.
- Several new crop varieties of chickpea, groundnut, pigeonpea, sorghum, pearl millet, and finger millet were released in India, featuring improved traits like disease resistance, yield, quality and adaptability.
- Breeding efforts identified new sources of biotic and abiotic stress resistance, as well as high-yielding lines. Modernization initiatives were advanced through establishment of new facilities, modeling, and
1) Ongoing activities in the West African Sahel & Dry Savanna region include research on agroforestry, crop-livestock systems, and soil and water management across several production systems.
2) Key partners include ICRISAT, ILRI, ICRAF, and various national agricultural research institutes conducting on-farm testing of technologies.
3) Highlights of ongoing work include assessing biomass and resource flows, introducing new crop varieties and livestock management practices, strengthening local capacity, and facilitating innovation platforms.
PRESENTATION TO BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF PARC ON YEARLY PROGRESS AND PLANS Anjum Ali Buttar
The document provides information on the activities and achievements of the Plant Sciences Division of the Pakistan Agriculture Research Council for the yearly progress and plans presentation to the Board of Governors. It discusses the core functions, research projects, institutes under its jurisdiction, activities conducted including germplasm acquisition and testing, coordination meetings, and achievements. It also outlines ongoing activities, targets, and new initiatives for the next three years focusing on strengthening coordinated research, crop diversification, and capacity building.
This document discusses a case study in Pakistan to demonstrate best practices for improving soil fertility and health. It notes that Pakistani soils are deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients. Through partnerships between USDA, FAO, ICARDA and Pakistani institutions, the project aims to: 1) identify current farming practices, 2) demonstrate improved soil management techniques to farmers, and 3) disseminate information on balanced fertilizer use to increase yields by 30-50%. The "4R" approach of using the right nutrient, at the right rate, time and place is promoted to enhance soil health and fertilizer use efficiency.
The African Cassava Agronomy Initiative (ACAI) aims to develop knowledge and tools to improve cassava farming and deliver these resources to farmers in target countries. The project has 6 work streams: research, developing a geospatial database, creating decision support tools, facilitating tool use, building capacity, and management. In year 1, ACAI made progress establishing over 300 trials on fertilizer response, intercropping, and other topics. Four national scientists were sponsored for PhD training. Baseline surveys and databases were also initiated to support the project.
This document provides an overview of the Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP), a global partnership led by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to coordinate rice research. GRiSP involves 16 international research centers and has an annual budget of $100 million. Its objectives are to increase rice productivity, foster more sustainable rice production systems, and improve the rice sector. Key activities include resequencing rice genomes, developing new rice varieties, evaluating management practices, improving post-harvest technologies, and partnering for large-scale impact. Highlights discussed include resequencing 3000 rice genomes, developing novel genetic resources like NAM populations, operating a global phenotyping platform, and awarding 31 scholarships under the Global Rice Science Scholarship
Perspectives on outlook for Asia Research Program: Asia Regional Planning Mee...ICRISAT
India accounts for 67% and 80% of the global area of chickpea and pigeonpea, respectively. Varieties/hybrids developed from ICRISAT-bred materials account for 53% of the total indent of breeder seed for these crop in India. Developing and validating ICM packages using an on-farm approach, monitoring virulence spectrum and variability in pathogen/pest populations at phenotypic and genotypic levels. PQU facilitated export of 6479 seed samples and 5502 grain and plant material samples to 27 countries, import of 3196 seed samples from 6 countries, and conservation of 6628 germplasm accessions in Genebank. Integrate the outputs from research across the whole value chain (soil and water management, improved cultivars and production technologies, climate smart production systems, post-harvest management and value addition, etc). Operation, maintenance and optimum utilization of power, water, air-conditioning and civil and engineering infrastructure, buildings, machinery, instruments and equipment.
ICRISAT newsletter - Happenings, featured 2 stories from TL III workshops held in Nairobi, Kenya. 1. TL III Monitoring Learning and Evaluation workshop and TL III Genetic Gains - Program Improvement Plan. Read the happenings document for detailed deliberations and way forward from both the workshops.
1. The ESA Groundnut Breeding Program has strong capacity in terms of infrastructure, human resources, and support systems to deliver genetic gains.
2. Key findings show the program has excellent research facilities, an experienced breeding team, and strong partnerships with NARS in delivering new varieties.
3. Some areas for improvement include limited control over land, small breeding and trialing processes, lack of use of molecular markers, and needs for increased mechanization and drying capacity.
The document summarizes the achievements of the Harmonized Support for Agricultural Development in Iraq (HSAD) program. Key achievements include:
- Producing over 17,400 metric tons of certified wheat seed, providing seeds for over 100,000 hectares of land.
- Training over 1,420 participants, including government officials and farmers, on topics like integrated pest management, conservation agriculture, seed production, and agricultural extension services.
- Strengthening value chains for wheat and dates through activities such as introducing new varieties, implementing integrated pest management for date palms, upgrading seed infrastructure, and supporting tissue culture laboratories.
- Developing policies and tools to support the agriculture sector through a seed law, value chain
This document discusses a rice breeding project aimed at developing drought tolerant rice varieties for rainfed lowland ecosystems in West Africa. The project has 5 work packages: 1) consolidating knowledge on the target environments, 2) phenotyping for drought tolerance and yield, 3) breeding, 4) capacity building, and 5) project management. Work package 2 involves setting up field sites and facilities in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Nigeria for evaluating drought tolerance and yield of mapping populations under stress and non-stress conditions. Work package 3 involves developing mapping populations, genotyping, QTL analysis, and selecting lines with improved drought tolerance and yield.
TL III Genetic Gains_Program improvement Plan_ICRISAT_Groundnut_ESATropical Legumes III
This document outlines an action plan to accelerate genetic gains in breeding programs through investments at ICRISAT. It proposes:
1. Upgrading infrastructure over phases to advance generations and expand phenotyping for traits, including a rainout shelter, laboratory equipment, and mechanization.
2. Reprogramming human resources to focus on product lines and competencies, deploying staff globally, and new hires.
3. Targeting specific mega-environments and unique sites for varietal development and testing of groundnut varieties resistant to diseases and tolerant of drought and other stresses.
Highlights on 2019 research outputs and outcomesICARDA
18-20/11/2019. ICARDA Board of Trustees. The Program Committee of the first day was open to all staff. It included:
Highlights of recent research breakthroughs and strategic questions presented by Strategic Research Priorities (CRPs) and Cross Cutting Themes (CCTs).
This document summarizes a meeting of the Global Challenge Program (GCP) Wheat Initiative projects. It discusses several projects aimed at developing wheat germplasm with enhanced drought and heat tolerance for India and China. It outlines plans to phenotype large numbers of lines, integrate quantitative trait loci for water use efficiency and heat tolerance through marker-assisted breeding, and develop new populations using molecular breeding approaches. The meeting addressed issues like sharing germplasm and data between partners and capacity building activities. Developing communities of practice and standardizing data collection were also discussed.
Crop Improvement: Legumes
The document summarizes work on improving legume crops in East and Southern Africa. It discusses the context of the legume science agenda in the region, including the need to meet growing food demands, tackle poverty and nutrition deficiencies, and increase resilience to climate risks. It then provides highlights of work done in 2015 to launch projects, conduct planning meetings, curate data, communicate progress, and support breeding pipelines for crops like groundnuts, cowpeas, common beans, and chickpeas. Challenges faced included filling project positions slowly and dealing with instability in parts of Mali and Nigeria. Breeding priorities and results for crops like chickpeas and pigeonpeas in the region are
* To have a better understanding of cassava as a crop
* To identify key traits for characterization
* Phenotyping skills developed for key traits
* To identify and follow good principles for hybridization work (from parents, crosses, data collection, seed collection storage, delivery and planting)
* To demonstrate unique processes with different trials
* Biotech tools and delivery
* Team work and collaboration
*
TL III Gentic Gains Program improvement plan_ICRISAT_Groundnut_WCATropical Legumes III
The document summarizes a groundnut breeding improvement plan by WCA to address key production constraints like drought, diseases, and aflatoxin. The plan's objective is to continually improve genetic gain through new variety releases in the region. It details strategies like developing breeding lines tolerant to drought and other stresses, widening the genetic pool, optimizing selection and testing, using advanced statistics and marker technologies, institutionalizing data management tools, and increasing collaboration and capacity building with NARS partners.
Similar to Wheat Productivity Enhancement Program (WPEP) (20)
This document summarizes a comparison of stem rust in oats and yellow rust in wheat in Sweden. It finds that stem rust, primarily affecting oats, shows variation expected from a sexually reproducing population, while yellow rust, primarily affecting wheat, can easily survive systemic infection and has a green bridge, allowing it to persist clonally. Sexual reproduction is necessary for stem rust epidemiology but not for yellow rust in the Swedish cropping system. A model is described that could help understand how dominant clones of pathogens appear and are replaced over multiple seasons.
1) In 2013, wheat stem rust outbreaks occurred in Ethiopia and parts of Western Europe for the first time in decades.
2) In Ethiopia, the variety "Digalu" was heavily affected, with some fields experiencing over 90% yield losses. Samples were collected and characterized, identifying the races TTKSK, JRCQC, and RRTTF.
3) In Western Europe, samples were collected from Germany and Denmark and characterized as the TKTT_ race, which had also been identified previously in the Middle East and North Africa.
1) Field trials in Ethiopia identified new stem rust races virulent against genes commonly used in durum wheat breeding programs.
2) Screening of over 6,800 cultivated and wild tetraploid wheat accessions identified sources of resistance, with emmer and wild emmer showing the highest resistance levels.
3) Genetic mapping of resistance genes is underway using biparental crosses to elucidate the genetics of resistance and map genes from tetraploid sources.
Agrovegetal is a farmer-owned seed company in Southern Spain that has been releasing new wheat cultivars for 15 years through collaborative partnerships with CIMMYT. Through multi-location yield trials evaluating disease resistance, quality, and stability, Agrovegetal has released cultivars such as Don Ricardo durum wheat that is highly yielding with good quality and leaf rust resistance. Agrovegetal now holds a 12% market share for durum wheat seeds and 10% for bread wheat seeds in Spain through the commercial success of cultivars developed through its wheat breeding program.
Three key findings from the field pathogenomics study of wheat yellow rust:
1) Gene sequencing of 40 rust samples from UK fields in 2013 found four distinct populations that correlated with location.
2) A small number of genes were specifically differentially expressed between the populations, some of which may encode candidate effector proteins.
3) The pathogen's transcriptome could be matched to wheat varieties, allowing rapid identification of the host variety from RNAseq data alone.
The document discusses the need for public-private partnerships in wheat production in India to boost productivity. It notes that while the public sector has established various research and extension organizations, wheat productivity remains low. The role of the private sector in wheat seed production and marketing has increased in recent years. However, marketing public varieties remains challenging for private companies due to competition and demand forecasting issues. The document advocates for complementary roles between the public and private sectors in research, distribution of public technologies, and marketing/extension. It provides an example of one private company, DCM Shriram Ltd., that has invested in wheat research and seen growing sales of its proprietary varieties in India.
This document discusses the importance and challenges of data and germplasm sharing. It makes the following key points:
1. Sharing knowledge and germplasm has historically been important for progress, but restrictions have slowed in recent decades due to intellectual property laws and treaties.
2. New technologies generate vast amounts of data that is difficult to analyze and share under consistent standards. Improved experimental design is needed to link genotype, phenotype and environment data.
3. Initiatives like BGRI advocate sharing data and germplasm to accelerate breeding for diseases like rust resistance in wheat, but restricted movement of germplasm requires alternative solutions like information sharing.
This document summarizes research on the global occurrence and economic impact of stripe rust, a fungal wheat disease. It finds that stripe rust has spread rapidly in recent decades to new regions due to climate change, susceptible wheat varieties, and pathogen adaptation. Based on survey responses, it estimates that stripe rust causes average annual global wheat yield losses valued at $848 million. It estimates that investing $28 million annually in research could help avert these losses and provide a positive return on investment. The document also analyzes changing spatial patterns of stripe rust outbreaks and losses in the United States over time.
The document describes a study that analyzed genetic data from wheat leaf rust fungus (Puccinia triticina) isolates infecting different wheat genomes to better understand the evolutionary relationships between these host-specific types. The researchers analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from 70 fungus samples infecting wheat and found two major clades of common wheat isolates that were distinct from durum wheat isolates. Analysis supported the hypothesis that the original fungus form infected Aegilops speltoides before evolving to infect common wheat and then durum wheat.
The document summarizes molecular characterization of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) isolates from Western Canada. Pst isolates were sequenced using Illumina platforms and assembled de novo. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on rRNA sequences and whole genome assemblies. Comparisons between old isolates from 1990-1993 and new isolates from 2007-2012 identified unique and enriched gene sequences, suggesting genome reorganization in Pst. Functional annotation revealed differences in biological processes between old and new isolates, such as transport and response to exogenous molecules in new isolates.
The document summarizes research on pleiotropic adult plant resistance (PAPR) loci in wheat. Key points:
1. CIMMYT has conducted PAPR research since the 1970s, identifying loci such as Lr34, Lr46, and Lr67 that confer resistance to multiple diseases.
2. Studies mapped additional PAPR QTL in various wheat populations and identified markers for genes like Lr46, Sr2, and Yr54 useful for marker-assisted selection.
3. Research involves fine mapping genes, identifying deletion mutants, and understanding resistance mechanisms to improve durability and pyramide genes in wheat breeding.
4. An international shuttle breeding program
This document summarizes new evidence that the wheat stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici undergoes sexual reproduction on barberry plants in China. Through surveys, 23 barberry species in China were found to be susceptible hosts for P. striiformis when artificially inoculated. Stripe rust was also observed naturally infecting 3 barberry species in the field. Isolates recovered from infected barberry plants in nature had different virulence patterns than major wheat stripe rust races in China, indicating sexual recombination may contribute to new virulence variations on barberry.
This document discusses factors influencing the adoption of improved wheat varieties by farmers in Kenya. It finds that more educated farmers and those with more wheat farming experience are more likely to adopt new varieties. However, adoption is low overall, especially among small-scale farmers. The major barriers to adoption include a lack of contractual agreements in the wheat market, limited availability and high costs of quality seeds, and insufficient information dissemination regarding new varieties. The document recommends improving awareness and access to seeds, enhancing collective action among farmer groups, and conducting additional surveys and workshops to promote variety adoption.
This document provides evidence of recombination between the Sr2 and Fhb1 genes in wheat. It summarizes that a doubled haploid population from a cross between Carberry and AC Cadillac wheat lines showed: 1) recombinants expressing both pseudo-black chaff (PBC, linked to Sr2) and low Fusarium head blight (FHB, linked to Fhb1), 2) genetic mapping identified QTL in the Sr2/Fhb1 region associated with both traits, and 3) haplotype analysis identified recombinants with the Sr2 and Fhb1 marker haplotypes separated.
This document discusses wheat rust diseases as a potential problem for Norwegian wheat cultivation due to forecasted climate changes. Currently, wheat rusts are not a major issue but stripe rust occasionally causes local outbreaks. However, predicted higher winter temperatures could allow more rust inoculum to survive winters. Milder autumns and springs along with warmer, wetter summers may also promote faster rust development. As a result, the risks of future rust epidemics are expected to increase. The document recommends strategies like growing winter wheat varieties with good rust resistance and breeding for horizontal resistance to control potential rust problems.
This document summarizes research on achieving sustainable leaf rust control in durum wheat. It discusses the importance of leaf rust, major resistance genes that have been identified and overcome by evolving rust races, and efforts to develop slow rusting resistance through gene pyramiding. Key findings include identification of multiple major genes conferring resistance, the breakdown of these genes over time, efforts to combine minor genes to provide more durable slow rusting resistance, and the need to continue broadening genetic resistance.
The Global Rust Reference Center (GRRC) in Denmark aims to manage wheat rust surveillance, act as an early warning system, disseminate results online, maintain pathogen genetic resources, and provide training. It has expanded facilities including quarantine zones, labs, and greenhouse space. The GRRC works with over 40 international collaborators from Asia, Africa, Europe, and South America. It collects and maintains live wheat rust isolates to assist breeding and research. The GRRC also conducts research on rust spread, evolution, genetics, and host-pathogen interactions. Training is provided to students and scientists in wheat rust pathology. Ongoing challenges include understanding global rust dynamics and improving phenotyping methods. Sustained efforts are needed
This document summarizes the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative from 2009-2014. It discusses the initiative's focus on farmers, globally coordinated surveillance efforts, international screening nurseries, and CGIAR wheat breeding programs. It also highlights the importance of leadership, advocacy, communication, and gene stewardship in combating wheat rust diseases on a global scale. The initiative brings together numerous organizations, scientists, and farmers worldwide to fight hunger and improve food security.
This document summarizes research on identifying genetic loci associated with resistance to stripe and stem rust in wheat. Genome-wide association mapping identified several QTLs for stripe rust resistance on chromosomes 1D, 2B, 3B, 3A, 6A, 6D and 7D. Some QTLs corresponded to previously reported resistance genes. Analysis of interactions between loci found negative interactions between some stripe and stem rust QTLs, suggesting they should not be combined in breeding. The goal is to avoid pyramiding loci that interact negatively to compromise resistance to multiple diseases.
This document summarizes research on cloning rust resistance genes from wheat and developing gene pyramids via genetic engineering. Key points include:
- Researchers at the University of Minnesota and other institutions are working to clone multiple rust resistance genes from wheat including Sr2, Sr22, Sr33, Sr35, Sr46, Sr50 and Lr67.
- Cloned genes like Lr34/Yr18, Yr36, and others can be stacked together in transgenic cassettes to provide pyramided resistance in a single locus.
- Preliminary work has successfully stacked two or three resistance genes in transgenic wheat.
- Further work will continue cloning additional genes, validating gene function through transformation, and
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
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Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
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How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
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A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
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A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
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Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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3. ObjecHve
1:
Surveillance
Major Activities:
• Upgrading technical capacity and
infrastructure for rust research in Pakistan
• Detect yellow and stem infections and identify
races
• Collect and maintain live samples of rust
• Coordinate rust information
4. ObjecHve
1:
Major
Achievements
• Upgraded
the
capacity
at
main
rusts
laboratory
at
Murree
-‐
facilitaHng:
• To
maintain
live
samples
of
rusts
• To
determine
virulence
in
local
rusts
popula-on
• Infrastructure
including
sprinkler
irrigaHon/misHng
system
established
at
CDRI
Karachi
to
screen
for
stem
rust
under
field
condiHons
5. Yellow rust
Leaf Rust
Stem rust
Member of Survey team collecting stem rust samples
All three rusts –data in Rust Tracker – 2012-13
ObjecHve
1:
Achievements
Cont.
6. ObjecHve
1:
Achievements
Cont.
• 36 stem rust samples were revived and preserved
• 63 samples of yellow rust were revived and preserved;
• 34 leaf rust samples were revived and 17 were analyzed at
CDRI-Murree
• 20 single pustules were inoculated on the North American
set of differential and stem rust race RRTTF was typed
• USDA-ARS WSU found 14 YR races among 17 samples
during 2012 from samples collected from KPK, Punjab and
Sindh.
7. ObjecHve
2:
Pre-‐breeding
AcHviHes
• Baseline
resistance
study
• Find
what
rust
resistance
genes
are
in
Pakistani
germplasm
• Marker-‐based
gene
postulaHon
(USDA-‐NC)
• Seedling
phenotype
based
gene
postulaHon
(Murree,
USDA-‐MN/WA)
• Field
to
disHnguish
major
gene/APR
(CDRI-‐Karachi
[stem
rust],
other
Pakistan
sites,
and
CIMMYT
Kenya)
• Marker
assisted
parent
breeding
• Create
high
value
Pakistan
breeding
parents
with
two
gene
combinaHons
(rust
resistance)
through
accelerated
backcrossing
(USDA-‐NC)
• Enhance
Pakistan
capacity
to
field
screen
for
stem
(Karachi
CDRI)
and
yellow
rust
adult
plant
reacHon
(mulHple
locaHons)
8. ObjecHve
2:
Major Achievements
● ~1000
lines
–
NUWYT,
Released
Varie-es
and
other
germplasm
were
studied
at
„
Kenya
-‐
APR
for
Ug-‐99
and
USDA-‐ARS
MN
–
local
races
„ USDA-‐ARS
MN
–
Seedling
-‐
US
local
(QFCSC),
Ug-‐99
(TTKSK;
TRTTF)
and
Pakistan
(RRTTF)
„ USDA-‐
WA
-‐
Stripe
rust
-‐
Seedling
(US
races)
and
APR
„ USDA
NC
–
Genotyped
–
Sr2,
Sr24,
Sr25,1RS
(Sr31,
Lr26
and
Yr9,
pm6),
Sr26,
Sr36,
Sr38-‐Lr37-‐Yr17,
Lr21,Lr34,
Lr19,
9. • Materials were tested with multiple stem rust races at the
seedling stage (3 listed as an example).
• Genes effective to Ug99 were postulated if possible.
• A high proportion of the germplasm was susceptible to Ug99.
• Most of the Ug99 resistant lines were also resistant to
Pakistani and US stem rust races.
Year
Entries
%
resistant
to
TTKSK
(Ug99)
TTTTF
(USA)
RRTTF
(Pak)
2011
220
6.8
42.7
-‐-‐
2012
324
8.6
75.9
74.1
2013
440
12.0
35.5
66.4
ObjecHve
2:
Achievements
Cont.
Stem Rust Seedling Screening at USDA-ARS-MN
10. ObjecHve
3:
Breeding
Activities:
• Increase amount and precision of field performance trial
data in Pakistan wheat improvement
• Field and other key hardware upgraded
• New experimental designs employed
• Increase early flow of promising rust resistant materials
within and into Pakistan
• Increase capacity and use of summer nursery at Kaghan
• Invest in pre-release multiplication to ensure seed supply
at release does not limit a varieties impact.
12. § Harvester
and
planter
for
WRI-‐Faisalabad
and
NARC-‐Islamabad
§ Vehicle
for
WRI-‐Faislabad,
NARC,
CCRI
etc.
Imported
plot
planter
and
harvester
Objective 3: Achievements Cont.
30 years old Machines replaced with new
13. Line
Name
Pakistan
(35
Sites)
Normal
Late
Combine
NR-‐399
4824
4193
4508
NR-‐378
4714
4032
4373
NR-‐379
4432
3804
4118
COMBINED YIELD DATA NUWYT LINES (IRRIGATED) 2011-12
Objective 3: Achievements Cont.
Yield Potential and Ug99 resistance combines in the new lines
14. Line
Name
Punjab
(8
Sites)
KPK
(6
Sites)
Pakistan
(15
Sites)
NR-‐397
3125
3881
3347
NR-‐392
3012
3769
3256
NR-‐390
2998
3643
3210
06FJS3013
3057
3481
3198
COMBINED YIELD DATA OF NUWYT LINES (RAINFED) 2011-12
Objective 3: Achievements Cont.
Yield Potential and Ug99 resistance combines in the new lines
15. Objective 3: Achievements Cont.
NUWYT – 2012-13 – Number of entries increases with the
introduction of Alpha- lattice design
• 45 locations for irrigated trials with 36 entries and two time of
planting
• 25 Locations for rainfed with 24 entries
• Number of entries with Ug99 ressitance increased in the
national testing (NUWYT)
16. Ug99
Resistance
Variety
–
NARC
2011
The frequency of Ug99 resistance gene(s)
increased through incorporation of resistance
sources in the 2012-13 crossing blocks of the
national program
• US ambassador Richard Olson visited National Agricultural
Research Center to recognize the success of the WPEP and
inaugurate the harvesting ceremony for the Ug99 resistant wheat
variety-NARC 2011
• New lines such as NR 397 with resistance to Ug99 and other rusts
are in pipeline for release
17. 1. Identifying rust (Ug99, Yr) resistant and high yielding wheat
varieties with desirable characteristics
2. Fast track variety testing and release by advocating flexible
policy and/or regulatory options with partners
3. Accelerated pre-release seed multiplication of promising lines
(breeder to basic) and large-scale seed production (certified)
of released varieties through formal and informal channels
4. Popularization and promotion of rust resistant varieties with
farmers (including targeted small-pack seed distribution) to
initiate informal farmer-to-farmer diffusion
5. Capacity building in technical aspects of seed production and
provision of infrastructure (training and critical equipment)
6. Creating awareness among policy makers, partner institutions
and farmers on the imminent threat of rusts on food security
Objective 4: Seed
18. • Relay cropping of wheat in standing cotton: Up scaling
• Ridge Planting in irrigated wheat: Up scaling & demonstration
• Fertilizer management: Farmer field trials
• Integration of legumes in cropping system
• Mung - wheat in Rainfed area: Farmer field trials
• Berseem in Rice – wheat: Farmer field trials
ObjecHve
5:
Agronomy
19. Relay cropping of wheat in standing cotton
• 20% increase in grain yield(time savings)
• Farmers adoption in Punjab during 2012-13
• Area: more than 70000 acres
•
• Major adoption in districts of:
• Rahim Yar Khan
• Bahawalpur
• Lodhran
20. Ridge Planting:
• Farmers adoption in Sindh and cotton-wheat area of Punjab
• Demonstration in rice-wheat area
• 15-20% yield increase
• 30% saving in water
• Reduced lodging
21. • PARC and CIMMYT organized an annual national travelling wheat seminar
• CIMMYT-Pakistan worked closely with USDA (FAS and ARS) to assist in
selection of Borlaug Fellows, especially from the WPEP partner institutions
• Visits by expert scientists – David Marshall and Xianming Chen, USDA-ARS
• CIMMYT also facilitated in country training.
2013 Wheat traveling Seminar
ObjecHve
6:
Coordination and Capacity
22. Travelling Wheat Seminar
• A
group
of
around
30
wheat
scien-sts
form
all
parts
of
Pakistan
• Travel
through
Sindh,
Punjab,
Khyber
Pukhtunkhuwa,
Baluchistan,
AJK
• Visit
– Research
centers
/
ins-tutes
– Seed
companies
– Farmers
/
fields
– NUWYT
– Jointly assess the status of crop
– Wheat production issues
– Identify priority research areas
Ø Two Travelling Seminar
Ø 2012
Ø 2013
23. Coordination and Capacity
USDA-ARS researchers work directly with Pakistani wheat breeders
to learn from each other in the field in Pakistan.