The document is a presentation by Arpit Dwivedi on the Special Test Equipment Group of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. Some key points: - HAL was formed in 1964 by merging several aircraft manufacturing companies and is involved in designing and building aircraft, helicopters, engines and other defense equipment. - The Special Test Equipment Group of HAL produces devices like multimeters, function generators and oscilloscopes that are used to test electrical systems. - These include digital multimeters for measuring voltage, resistance and current, function generators for producing waveforms, and oscilloscopes for analyzing electrical signals. - HAL also produces flight data recorders, commonly known as "black boxes", which are

1. SUBMITTED TO ELECTRONICS
DEPARTMENT
SUBMITTED BY-ARPIT
DWIVEDI
ROLL NO. 1113231056
B.TECH FINAL YEAR
ECE
An
Industrial
interaction
PRESENTATION
ON
SPECIAL TEST EQUIPMENT GROUP

2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
DIVISIONS OF HAL
PRODUCT OF HAL
CUSTOMAR FROFILE
SPECIAL TEST EQUIPMENT GROUP
MULTI METER
FUNCTION GENERATOR
OSCILLOSCOPE
FLIGHT DATA RECORDER (FDR)
CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION TO HINDUSTAN
AERONAUTICS LIMITED
HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LIMITED CAME INTO
EXISTENCE ON 1ST OCTOBER 1964.
THE COMPANY WAS FORMED BY THE MERGER OF
“HINDUSTAN AIRCRAFT LIMITED” WITH
“AERONAUTICS INDIA LIMITED” AND “AIRCRAFT
MANUFACTURING DEPOT, KANPUR”.
 THE LATE “SETH WALCHAND HIRACHAND” ,WHO
SETUP HINDUSTAN AIRCRAFT LIMITED AT
BANGALORE IN ASSOCIATION WITH “ERSTWHILE
PRINCLY STATE” OF MYSORE IN 1940.

4. DIVISIONS OF HAL

5. PRODUCTS OF HAL
Fighter Aircraft
1.Su-30 MKI
2. Mig Series
3.Tejas
4.Jaguar
5.MIRAGE -2000
Satellite Launch Vehicles
1.PSLV
2.GSLV
3.IRS
4.INSAT
Helicopters
1.Dhruv
2.Cheetah
3.Chetak
4.Advanced Light
Helicopters
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Engines
1.Lakshya PTA
Passenger Aircraft
1.Dornier
2.Indian Regional Jet
Light Trainer Aircraft
1.Kiran
2.Basant
3.Sitara
Transport Aircraft
1.Saras
Glider
1.HAL G-1
2.Ardhra

6. CUSTOMER PROFILE
 Air force
 Army
 Navy
 Coast Guard
 Flying Academics & Educational Institutions
 Airlines / Air taxi / Air cargo
 Defence R&D Laboratories / Department of
Space

7. MULTI METER

8. What is a Digital Multimeter?
 A digital multimeter measures AC and/or DC voltage,
resistance, and current in an electric circuit. It is highly
accurate and displays an LCD number readout.

9. Test Leads
Test leads are used to connect the multimeter
to the circuit to be tested.

10. Test Lead Connections - Voltage
 Plug the RED test lead into the jack labeled V/ and the
BLACK test lead into the jack labeled COM (common).

11. The ohmmeter is used to
measure the resistance of a
component.
POWER CANNOT be
applied to the component
being tested.
The ohmmeter actually
applies a small voltage and
uses Ohm’s law to calculate
the resistance from the
measured current.
OHMMETER

12. Multimeter
This section
measures
resistance in ohms
Choose
2M
200k
20k
2k
200 ohms
Right now the leads are not
touching.
What does the meter read?
What does that mean?

13.  To measure a 220K Ohm resistor,
what setting do you use?
 200K?
 What does the meter on the
right read at the 200K setting?
A setting of 2M gives a reading
of .222MΩ =
222K Ω which is within the
tolerance for a 220 Ω resistor
Choose
2M
200k
20k
2k
200 ohms

14. Function generators provide us with different types
of waveforms with different amplitudes and at
different frequencies
The waves provided commonly are:
• Sine wave
• Triangular wave
• Saw tooth wave
• Square wave

15. Bi-Stable Multi-vibrator:
 Two stable states (L+& L-)
 vo=L+, when vi=VTH=-(R1/R2)L-
 vo=L-, when vi=VTL=-(R1/R2)L+
 R1=10 kΩ (variable)
 R2=4 kΩ (fixed)
 Both resistors to set the Thresholds
which is actually amplitude of
triangular wave
I v
Vi (Vo of integrator) Vo

16. Integrator:
 Integrating the square wave to
produce triangular wave.
 Triangular wave at the output is
serving as trigger for B.M.
 The peak values of the triangular
wave are VTH and VTL.
 R=1 MΩ (variable, theoretical
design),(100 KΩ practically)
 C=0.01uF (Fixed)
 C and R providing time constant
to reach thresholds.
 Change R to vary frequency of
triangular wave
vi , vo of B.M.
vo

17. Inverting Amplifier:
 This amplifier is basically acting as an
attenuator
 R4=1 kΩ (variable feedback resistor)
 R3=1 kΩ (fixed resistor)
 Output of B.M. is square wave with
peak amplitudes as L+ and L-.
 So for different amplitudes we need to
attenuate it.
 The circuit attenuates the square wave
as closed loop gain –(R2/R1) will always
be less than or equal to 1.
vi, sq wave vo, sq
wave

18. Sine wave shaping network:
 Input is triangular wave.
 Input is straight line.
 Due to exponential relation of
the current in diodes, the
straight line is converted into
curve.
 As there are two diodes for
positive cycle as well as negative
cycle, the output will be
approximately a sine wave with
three segments.

19. 19
• What is an Oscilloscope?

20. Introduction
 A graph-displaying device of electrical signal
 X axis: Time
 Y axis: Voltage
 Z axis: Intensity or brightness
20

21. Introduction
 Information given by oscilloscopes
 Time and voltage
 Frequency and phase
 DC and AC components
 Spectral analysis
 Rise and fall time
 Mathematical analysis
21

22. Control panel of an oscilloscope
 Vertical Section
 Horizontal Section
 Trigger Section
22

23. Basic setting
 Vertical system
 attenuation or amplification of signal (volts/div)
 Horizontal system
 The Time base (sec/div)
 Trigger system
 To stabilize a repeating signal and to trigger on a single event
23

24. Analog oscilloscope
 Real-time display of signals
 Block diagram
 Sweep generator and vertical amplifier
 Earthquake recorder
24

25. Digital oscilloscope
 Capture and view events
 Digital storage oscilloscope (DSO)
25

26. Digital oscilloscope (contd.)
26
 Sampling
 Interpolation

27. The Black Box is a flight recorder used to record specific
aircraft performance parameters.

28. The first prototype FDR was produced in 1956 by Dr.
David Warren of the then Aeronautical Research
Laboratories of Melbourne, Australia

29. INSIDE THE BLACK BOX :
 Flight Data Recorder (FDR)
 Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)

30. The Flight data recorder (FDR) is designed to
record the operating data from the plane's
systems.

31. Parameters Recorded By Most FDRs:
 Time
 Pressure altitude
 Airspeed
 Vertical acceleration
 Magnetic heading
 Control-column position
 Rudder-pedal position
 Control-wheel position
 Horizontal stabilizer
 Fuel flow

32. Technology used for Recording and Storage:
 Magnetic Tape
 Solid-State Technology

33. Built To Survive:
In many airline
accidents, the only
devices that
survive are the
Crash-survivable
memory units
(CSMUs) of the
flight data
recorders and
cockpit voice
recorders.
Typically, the rest
of the recorders'
chassis and inner
components are
mangled.

34. Retrieving Information:

36. CONCLUSION
 STEG is a company wide managerial tool that makes high
quality Goods and Services your most important
competitive edge now and in the future.
 Through total Quality with the participation of all
employees, including the president, any company can
create better products (Service) at a lower cast, increase
sales, improved profit and make the company into a better
organisation.
 It is a proud privilege to join HAL as a Vocational Trainee
and to work in Navratna organisation, which provides
support to Manufacture Defence Products, Fighter Trainer
and Transport aircrafts.

37. Thank You
Any Queries??