An oscilloscope is a device that displays an electrical signal as a graph, with voltage on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis. There are different types of oscilloscopes including analog, digital, mixed-domain, handheld, and mixed-signal. It is important to properly ground the oscilloscope and connect probes matched to the instrument. Calibration ensures accurate measurements.

1. Introduction To Oscilloscopes
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2. What is an Oscilloscope
• An oscilloscope a device that
displays a graph of an electrical
signal. the vertical (Y) axis
represents voltage and the
horizontal (X) axis represents time.
The intensity or brightness of the
display is sometimes called the Z
axis.
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3. Types of Waves
Waveform shapes reveal a great deal
about a signal:
• A change in the height of the
waveform represents a change in
voltage.
• A flat horizontal line represents no
change for that length of time.
• Straight, diagonal lines mean a
linear change
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4. Basics of Measurement
• Frequency and Period
If a signal repeats, it has a frequency. The frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz). A
repetitive signal also has a period, which is the amount of time it takes the signal
to complete one cycle.
• Voltage
Voltage is the amount of electric potential between two points in a circuit. The
voltage from the maximum peak to the minimum peak of a waveform is referred
to as the peak-to-peak voltage.
• Amplitude
Amplitude refers to the amount of voltage between two points in a circuit.
Amplitude commonly refers to the maximum voltage of a signal measured from
ground, or zero volts.
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5. Types of Oscilloscopes
• Cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO)
The earliest and simplest type of
oscilloscope consisted of a cathode
ray tube, a vertical amplifier, a time
base, a horizontal amplifier and
a power supply.
• Dual-beam oscilloscope
The dual-beam analog oscilloscope
can display two signals
simultaneously. A special dual-
beam CRT generates and deflects
two separate beams.
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6. Types of Oscilloscopes
• Digital oscilloscopes
While analog devices make use of
continually varying voltages, digital
devices employ binary numbers
which correspond to samples of the
voltage. In the case of digital
oscilloscopes, an analog-to-digital
converter (ADC) is used to change
the measured voltages into digital
information.
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7. Types of Oscilloscopes
• Mixed-domain oscilloscopes
A mixed-domain oscilloscope (or
MDO) has three kinds of inputs, a
small number analog channels, a
larger number of digital
channels, and one RF channel. It
provides the ability to accurately
time-correlate analog, digital, and RF
signals with each other.
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8. Types of Oscilloscopes
• Handheld oscilloscopes
Handheld oscilloscopes (also called
scopemeters) are useful for many
test and field service applications.
• Mixed-signal oscilloscopes
A mixed-signal oscilloscope (or MSO)
has two kinds of inputs, a small
number (typically two or four) of
analog channels, and a larger
number (typically sixteen) of digital
channels.
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9. Operating The Oscilloscope
• Proper Grounding
Ground your oscilloscope by plugging
its three-pronged power cord into an
outlet grounded to earth ground.
Grounding the oscilloscope is
necessary for safety.
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10. Operating The Oscilloscope
• Connecting the Probes
Now you are ready to connect a
probe to your oscilloscope. A
probe, if well-matched to the
oscilloscope, will enable you to
access all of the power and
performance in the device and will
ensure the integrity of the signal
you are measuring.
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11. Operating The Oscilloscope
• Calibrating the Instrument
When using an oscilloscope, it is very
easy to plug the oscilloscope probe in
and start making measurements.
There is a built in calibrator on every
oscilloscope for this purpose.
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12. Thank You
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