OBJECTIVE
Familiarization of the student with avionics suite of Boeing-777 a 4th generation aircraft comprising of following Subsystems:
1) HMI
2) AIRDATA System
3) Radar System
4) Communication system
5) Navigation system
6) Computer(s)
7) Data bus(es)
a slideshow about the pitot static and gyroscopic instruments. this slideshow has review slides as well as stuff about the asi like the errors and other important things like that. I hope you find this
THIS PRESENTATION TAKES OVERVIEW OF AIRCRAFT CABIN PRESSURIZATION. IN THIS I EXPLAINED BASIC SYSTEM USED FOR PRESSURIZATION, AND HOW THIS SYSTEM IS SAFE, PRECISE. AND HOW AIR IS KEPT HEALTHY.
a slideshow about the pitot static and gyroscopic instruments. this slideshow has review slides as well as stuff about the asi like the errors and other important things like that. I hope you find this
THIS PRESENTATION TAKES OVERVIEW OF AIRCRAFT CABIN PRESSURIZATION. IN THIS I EXPLAINED BASIC SYSTEM USED FOR PRESSURIZATION, AND HOW THIS SYSTEM IS SAFE, PRECISE. AND HOW AIR IS KEPT HEALTHY.
A plain-language special report on what ADS-B is, how it works, why you should equip before the deadline, and why just being legal may not mean you're as safe as you could be.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
But what exactly is multilateration? How does it work?
Why are ANSPs and airports increasingly adopting it?
What are its benefits? What about certification?
How will it aid in the transition to ADS-B?
Most importantly, how can it benefit your organization?
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Airbus Defence and Space Perspective on Technological Development, June 2016ICSA, LLC
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Architecture of ARINC 629 Data Bus For Boeing 777-200ER Commercial Aircraft.pdfMIbrar4
The four ARINC 629 buses which stands for the
Aeronautical Radio INC, is a private organization
comprising members from the airlines, and
manufacturers of aircraft and avionics equipment.
GENERATORS
The Boeing 777 has three main 120 KVA generators for
115–200 Volt AC power.
MISSION MANAGEMENT COMPUTER
Airplane Information Management System (AIMS) made
by Honeywell
OPERATING SYSTEM
MS-DOS
PROCESSOR
Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) 29050 microprocessor
RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
4,854 KB
DISK SPACE
15,656 kilobytes (KB)
LANGUAGE
Ada programming language
PROGRAM LENGTH
613,000 new lines of code
ARINC 629
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the "brains" of Boeing 777 aircraft. It uses four
ARINC 629 buses to transfer information. There are 2
cabinets on each plane (left and right).
ARINC 629 has the ability to accommodate up to a
total of 128 terminals on a data bus and supports a
data rate of 2 Mbit/s.
CABLE (TRANSMISSION MEDIA)
Page 4 of 6
ASD 27 Jan, 2022
The stub cable has four wires, two to transmit and
two to receive. These cables are in the normal
aircraft wiring bundles.
The basic layout for connecting LRUs to the 629 data
bus using stub cables. The stub cable length is up
to 50ft for TX/RX cable and 75ft for RX only cable.
Analysis and Design of PID controller with control parameters in MATLAB and S...MIbrar4
• To learn the need of controller
• Types of Basic Controllers (P, I and D Controllers) and their properties.
• Controller combinations (PI, PD and PID Controllers) and their properties.
• PID tunning by MATLAB.
• Comparative performance analysis of PI, PD and PID Controllers
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Servo system plays an important role in the electromechanical system. Accompanying the
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PID Controller Simulator Design for Polynomials Transfer Function
Objective:
• To compute responses at different values of PID for a transfer function for both open
loop and Closed Loop Simulation
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Diagram
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• To compute the Control Canonical Form using MATLAB
• To design the simulation diagram and check it’s any desired Response though the simulation diagram
Theory
we consider the common and useful form of the simulation diagram, namely, control canonical
form. The simulation diagram is derived from the general transfer functions of the form
Design Compensator Using Automated PID Tuning for a water tank MIbrar4
A compensator is a form of controller designed to alter certain characteristics (such as gain/phase) of the
open-loop system. A compensator is a component in the control system and it is used to regulate another
system. ... In order to make the system behave as desired, it is necessary to redesign the system and add
a compensator, a device which compensates for the deficient performance of the original system.
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dynamic performance through the addition of dynamic elements in order to mitigate some of the
undesirable features of the control elements present in the system.
Provided MATLAB functions, convert the State Space Model into a classical con...MIbrar4
To transform the system model from transfer function to state space, and vice versa on MATLAB
Theory:
Given a transfer function of the form:
MATALB can be used to obtain a state-space representation of the transfer function with the following
command
It is important to note that the state space representation is not unique, i.e. there are many state-space
representations for the same system. The MATLAB command gives just one possible state-space
equation.
Compensator Design and parameters modification using Bode plot and root locusMIbrar4
Bode diagram design is an interactive graphical method of modifying a compensator to achieve a
specific open-loop response (loop shaping). To interactively shape the open-loop response using
Control System Designer, use the Bode Editor. In the editor, you can adjust the open-loop
bandwidth and design to gain and phase margin specifications.
To adjust the loop shape, you can add poles and zeros to your compensator and adjust their values
directly in the Bode Editor, or you can use the Compensator Editor. For more information, see Edit
Compensator Dynamics. For information on all the tuning methods available in Control System
Designer, see Control System Designer Tuning Methods.
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New head-up display (HUD),
Hands-on throttle and stick (HOTAS) controls
New multi-function displays (MFD) and radar altimeter and a Sagem nav/attack system.
New navigation systems, including an inertial navigation system and GPS.
Defensive systems upgrades consisted of a new radar warning receiver (RWR),
Electronic countermeasures (ECM) suite and counter-measure dispensing system,
Dispensing decoy flares, and chaff to confuse enemy missiles and radar.
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complexity in signal and data
processing, it is tempting to
believe that quantum increases in
detection performance will
become available. However, the
laws of physics have not changed.
and fundamental detection
performance will only improve
slightly as small improvements are
squeezed out of one or other
section of a radar.
What is changing is the ability to
analyze the radar signal in
progressively more detail. High
speed processing is allowing the
use of principles which have long
been understood, but which have
not previously been incorporated
owing to technology limitations.
An airborne radar receives signals
which contain not only target
echoes, but additional inputs from
a variety of sources. These
Include; clutter from the main
radar beam and sidelobes; selfgenerated thermal noise: nondeliberate electronic interference;
and perhaps jamming. The first
objective of signal processing is to
reject the clutter, which may
include not only ground returns,
but rain and ground moving targets
as well. Jamming requires a book
in its own right and will not be
covered here. but suitable
processing techniques can be used
to weaken its effects.
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1. Page 1 of 21
ASD 13 Jan, 2022
LAB N0.1
FAMILIARIZATION WITH AVIONICS SUITE
OBJECTIVE
Familiarization of the student with avionics suite
of Boeing-777 a 4th generation aircraft comprising of
following Subsystems:
1) HMI
2) AIRDATA System
3) Radar System
4) Communication system
5) Navigation system
6) Computer(s)
7) Data bus(es)
PROCEDURE
Gather the information on functions and technologies
for above mentioned subsystems from open source.
1.HMI
HMI stand for Human-Machine Interface. Here I’m going
to discuss about the HMI of Boeing-777.So, here HMI
mean Interface of Pilot with Cockpit of Boeing-777.
From the above Picture of Cockpit of the Boeing-777.
2. Page 2 of 21
ASD 13 Jan, 2022
I am going to Explain the function and name of their
Labels Characters (i.e., A, B, C etc.) in Tabular
form.
Letter Instrument Explained
A
Primary
Flight
Display
This screen contains your
attitude indicator, airspeed,
altitude, and much more. It
also shows whether you are
aligned on the glideslope and
the localizer for the ILS.
B
Navigation
Display
This screen shows a map of your
flight plan with two different
modes and zoom levels.
Surrounding live air traffic
is also now displayed on this
map. See more information
below on which mode means what
and how to read the map.
C
Engine and
Crew Alert
Display
This screen shows the main
engine information such as N1,
amount of fuel on board, and
much more. There are also
alerts that popup to alert the
pilots the status of the
aircraft.
D
Standby
Attitude
Indicator
This standby screen acts as a
backup that contains the same
main data as the Primary
Flight Display.
E Gear Lever
This lever controls your
landing gear.
F Multifunction
Display
Displays example checklists
which currently do not operate
within Infinite Flight.
G
Flight
Management
Display Unit
This screen shows data of the
aircraft such as ground speed,
GPS position, time, and track.
H
Radio
Management
Panel
Displays the current active
ATC frequency you are tuned
to.
I Spoiler Lever
This lever controls your
spoiler’s position.
3. Page 3 of 21
ASD 13 Jan, 2022
J
Throttle
Control
These levers control the
amount of thrust for your
aircraft.
K Flap Lever
This lever controls your flaps
position.
L
Autopilot
Control Panel
This panel shows autopilot
information such as selected
airspeed, heading, vertical
speed, and altitude (ASL).
M
Standby
Heading
Indicator
This standby magnetic compass
displays current aircraft
heading as a backup.
OTHER BUTTONS AND SWITCHES:
5. Page 5 of 21
ASD 13 Jan, 2022
Engine and Crew Alert Display:
MANUFACTURER OF HMI OF BOEING-777:
PPG:
As the sole manufacturer of original-equipment
cockpit windows for 777 airplanes, PPG is the only
supplier able to provide the latest enhancements for
replacement windshields and glass or acrylic side
cockpit windows. For operators of 777 airplanes, PPG
provides options to meet transparency replacement
needs.
2. AIRDATA System
Sr. N0. AIRDATA System
1 Air Data Inertial Reference System
2 Air Data Modules
3 Air Data Inertial Reference Unit (ADIRU)
4 ADIRU Preflight Alignment/Operation
5
Secondary Attitude Air Data Reference Unit
(SAARU)
AIR DATA INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM:
6. Page 6 of 21
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The air data inertial reference system provides
flight data such as position speed altitude and
attitude.
For the flight displays flight management computers
flight controls engine controls other systems
requiring inertial or air data
the major components of the air data inertial
reference system are air data modules the air data
inertial reference unit or ADERO and the secondary
attitude error data reference unit or SAARU the
ADAIRU is the primary flight data source while the
SAARU acts as an automatic backup to the ADAIRU the
7. Page 7 of 21
ASD 13 Jan, 2022
SAARU is the dedicated data source for the standby
attitude indicator first.
the air data modules receive and process data from 3
pitot probes and 6 static ports two per module.
two standby modules provide dedicated inputs to the
standby airspeed indicator and standby altimeter the
ADIRU and SAARU receive three independent bus inputs
to calculate air speed mock altitude and other air
data parameters both units independently compare the
inputs and validate which signals should be used in
8. Page 8 of 21
ASD 13 Jan, 2022
their calculations and other displays the ADIRU and
SAARU also receive data from two angle of attack
sensors and one total error temperature or TAT probe
TAT is displayed on SAARU
the ADIRU contains electronic sensors
and non-mechanical laser gyroscopes which measure
airplane movement in all three axes signals from the
sensors and gyros are used to calculate the
airplane's attitude heading ground track ground speed
and the airplane's latitude and longitude position.
9. Page 9 of 21
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AIR DATA REFERENCE
Pitot-static system
The air data reference (ADR) component of an ADIRU
provides airspeed, Mach number, angle of attack,
temperature and barometric altitude data. Ram air
pressure and static pressures used in
calculating airspeed are measured by small ADMs
located as close as possible to the
respective pitot and static pressure sensors. ADMs
transmit their pressures to the ADIRUs through ARINC
429 data buses.
INERTIAL REFERENCE
The IR component of an ADIRU gives attitude, flight
path vector, ground speed and positional
data. The ring laser gyroscope is a core enabling
technology in the system, and is used together
with accelerometers, GPS and other sensors to
provide raw data. The primary benefits of a ring
laser over older mechanical gyroscopes are that
there are no moving parts, it is rugged and
lightweight, frictionless and does not resist a
change in precession.
THE OVER ALL AIRDATA SYSTEM
10. Page 10 of 21
ASD 13 Jan, 2022
MANUFACTURER OF AIRDATA SYSTEM:
AMETEK SFMS has worked with major
commercial Airplanes in regrading of Accelerometers
Air Data Sensors Aircraft Fluid Level Sensors in
which boeing-777 is also included.
3. RADAR SYSTEM
WEATHER RADAR
Weather radar is a type of radar used to provide an
indication to pilots of the intensity of convective
weather. Typically, the radar antenna is located in
the nose of the aircraft. Signals from the antenna
are processed by a computer and presented on a screen
which may be viewed by the pilots.
Radar Display
Radar Control Panel:
Model DP05 Weather radar control panel for Boeing 777
simulated cockpit.
11. Page 11 of 21
ASD 13 Jan, 2022
MANUFACTURER OF RADAR SYSTEM:
Since the 1950s, Honeywell has been a leader in the
airborne weather radar systems for all types of
aircraft.
SECONDARY RADAR:
Secondary radar, which relies on targets being
equipped with a transponder, also requests additional
information from the aircraft - such as its identity
and altitude.
All commercial aircraft are equipped with
transponders (an abbreviation of "transmitter
responder"), which automatically transmit a unique
four-digit code when they receive a radio signal sent
by radar.
12. Page 12 of 21
ASD 13 Jan, 2022
The code gives the plane's identity and radar
stations go on to establish speed and
direction by monitoring successive transmissions.
This flight data is then relayed to air traffic
controllers.
However, once an aircraft is more than 240km (150
miles) out to sea, radar coverage fades and air crew
keep in touch with air traffic control and other
aircraft using high frequency radio.
Transponder of Boeing 777
4.COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
The Communication systems of an aircraft are very
important- the avionics within the aircraft are
normally carefully chosen so it not only allows the
pilots to communicate with the Air Traffic Control
(ATC), but it also allows communication between the
pilots and passengers, and most importantly, between
the actual aircraft and the pilots.
13. Page 13 of 21
ASD 13 Jan, 2022
Although the large majority of modern-day aircrafts
have the capability of communication in several
different ways, the Boeing 777 sparked a particular
interest to me simply because of the way it
communicates.
These Communication Sub-Systems used in Boeing-777
High-Frequency (HF) radio transmit/receive.
Very High Frequency (VHF) radio
transmit/receive and an Aircraft Communications
Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS).
14. Page 14 of 21
ASD 13 Jan, 2022
Selective Calling (SELCAL) – HF/VHF.
Ultra-High-Frequency (UHF) radio
transmit/receive (225 to 400 MHz) – mainly used
in military communications.
Satellite Communications (SATCOM) including
passenger telephone communications.
Aircraft transponder and Air Traffic Control
(ATC) mode A/C and S.
Traffic Collision and Avoidance System (TCAS).
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
Satellite communications provide a more reliable
method of communications using the International
Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT) satellite
constellation which was originally developed for
maritime use.
Airborne SATCOM terminal transmit frequency – to MHz,
receive frequency – 1530 to 1559 MHz
A SATCOM system typically comprises the following
units:
Satellite Data Unit (SDU).
Radio Frequency Unit (RFU).
Amplifiers, Diplexers/Splitters.
Low-gain antenna.
15. Page 15 of 21
ASD 13 Jan, 2022
High-gain antenna.
5.NAVIGATION SYSTEM
There are different types of radio NAVAIDS used in
Boeing-777:
1. Automatic Direction Finder and Nondirectional
Radio Beacon.
2. VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR)
3. Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)
4. Instrument Landing System (ILS)
5. Weather Radar
GPS
The GPS architecture consists of three segments these
are the user segment the satellite segment and the
control segment let's first understand the basics of
user segment the user segment consists of the
components installed on the Boeing-777 triple sound
aircraft the two GPS antennas are installed at
The top of the fuselage and are called the left and
the right GPS antennas the GPS antennas receive l-
band frequency signals and send them to the multi-
mode receivers or MMR the GPS antenna impedance is
50 ohms this is the schematic diagram of a GPS
System in Boeing-777 triple seven the multi-mode
receiver also called the MMR is the heart of GPS
system the left MMR is located in the e12 shelf the
16. Page 16 of 21
ASD 13 Jan, 2022
center MMR is on e1 3 shelf and the right MMR is on
the e23 shelf
MMR uses the satellite data to calculate the:
Latitude
Longitude
Altitude
Universal Time
Date
North/South Velocity
East/West Velocity
Vertical Velocity
Track Angle
Autonomous Integrity Limit
satellite position and MMR status the power supply
makes various ac voltages from the 115-volt ac input
to the multi-mode receiver the MMR sends 12-volt dc
on the center conductor of the antenna coax to the
amplifier in the GPS antenna.
MANUFACTURER:
Boeing's satellite factory sits in the sprawling
industrial zone surrounding Los Angeles
International Airport.
17. Page 17 of 21
ASD 13 Jan, 2022
6.COMPUTER(S)
Boeing 777 Primary Flight Computer
Object Type:
Signal/Data Processor
Navigation Display
This screen shows a map of your flight plan with two
different modes and zoom levels. Surrounding live air
traffic is also now displayed on this map. See more
information below on which mode means what and how
to read the map.
Engine and Crew Alert Display
This screen shows the main engine information such
as N1, amount of fuel on board, and much more. There
are also alerts that popup to alert the pilots the
status of the aircraft.
18. Page 18 of 21
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Multifunction Display
Displays example checklists which currently do not
operate within Infinite Flight.
Flight Management Display Unit
This screen shows data of the aircraft such as ground
speed, GPS position, time, and track.
19. Page 19 of 21
ASD 13 Jan, 2022
Manufacturer:
GEC Avionics
7.DATA BUS(ES)
The ARINC (Aeronautical Radio Incorporated) 629 is a
bus system, i.e., a system used for data transmission
in the field of avionics. This is a term used for all
the electronic instruments in an aircraft - excluding
the cabin. Here, the data transmission takes place
at exactly specified time intervals and via a two-
wire line that may be either optical or electrical.
The Boeing 777, frequently also called “triple
seven”, was introduced in 1994, and even nowadays it
is the world’s largest twinjet aircraft which is used
to transport passengers. The original Boeing bus
system was developed by ARINC based on the ARINC 429
- ARINC 629.
20. Page 20 of 21
ASD 13 Jan, 2022
The high standard of this protocol is exemplified in
the diversity of the place of use, even though it is
naturally designed specifically for the Boeing 777
and speed. As such, data are transmitted at a rate
of 2 Mbps. Based on the ARINC 429, the ARINC 629
presents itself as a high performance-oriented
specification. The special feature when using an
ARINC protocol is the fact that in the standard,
there is no essential difference between the civilian
and the military version.
21. Page 21 of 21
ASD 13 Jan, 2022
MANUFACTURER OF DATA BUS(ES):
ECA GROUP are responsible for providing the ARINC 629
DATA BUS to Boeing Company.
RESULTS