The document discusses wireless network penetration testing techniques. It demonstrates automated cracking of WEP and WPA networks using tools like aircrack-ng. It also covers bypassing MAC address filtering and cracking WPA2 networks using Reaver by exploiting WPS. The document provides information on wireless standards like 802.11a/b/g/n and their characteristics. It describes common wireless encryption and authentication methods including WEP, WPA, WPA2 etc. Finally, it includes checklists for wireless vulnerability assessments and requirements for wireless cracking labs.

1. Wireless Network Penetration Testing
• Wep Cracking Live Demonstration
 Automated WEP Cracking With CLI (ECSA)
 Automated WEP Cracking with Gerix (CEHV8)
• Wpa Cracking Live Demonstration
 Automated Wpa Cracking With CLI (ECSA)
 Automated Wpa Cracking with Gerix (CEHV8)
• Bypass Mac Filtering Live Demonstration (ECSA)
• WPA 2 Cracking using Reaver (WPS Brute force) (ECSA)
• Wi-Fi Security Assessment Live Demonstration (ECSA)
© HaCkHiPp0-TeaM ! 2013
R0oTx:Sahil_Rai

2. List of WLAN channels
Amendments
Freq-(GHz)
Speed (Mbps)
Range (Ft)
802.11a
5
54
24-75
802.11b
2.4
11
150-150
802.11g
2.4
54
150-150
802.11i
Define WPA Enterprise /WPA Personal for Wi-Fi
802.11n
2.4,5
54
100
802.11( Wimax)
10-66
70-100
30 miles
Bluetooth
2.4
1-3
25
 Each ranges divided into multiple channels
 Every Country has allowed channels, users and maximum
Frequency levels.
© HaCkHiPp0-TeaM ! 2013
R0oTx:Sahil_Rai

3. IEEE 802.11b/g/n Channel
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R0oTx:Sahil_Rai

4. Encryption & Authentication used in IEEE
802.11 Environment:
 Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) – WEP uses RC4 encryption algorithm which has
several weaknesses. WEP relies on secret key “shared” between a wireless device
and the AP
 Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) – WPA protocol implements majority of IEE 802.11i standard
requirements. WPA makes use of Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) instead of RC4 used
in its predecessor WEP. To offer greater security
 WPA Personal – Commonly referred as WPA – Pre shared key (PSK). The clients authenticate
with the AP’s using the 256 bit keys.
 WPA Enterprise – Mainly designed for Enterprise networks and requires authentication using
RADIUS server. Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is used for authentication, which
comes in different flavors (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS).
 RADIUS protocol inherently only allows for password based authentication i.e. the password
is sent as MD5 Hash or response to a challenge, (EAP) is an authentication framework
included in Windows Client and Windows Server operating systems

5. Wi-Fi authentication mode
Probe Request
Probe Response ( Security Parameters )
Open System Authentication Request
Open System Authentication Response
Association Request ( Security Parameters )
Association Response
Handshake Completed
open system authentication (ssid beaconing)

6. Wi-Fi authentication mode
Authentication Request sent to AP
AP Sends Challenge txt
Client encrypt challenge
txt and sends it back to AP
AP decrypts challenge text , and if correct
authenticates client
Handshake Completed
Shared key authentication process

7. 1. Authentication Request ( Encrypted Challenge )
2. Authentication Response ( Challenge )
0
0
0
Sniffing packets (packet capture)
Sniffing packets (packet capture)
© HaCkHiPp0-TeaM
R0oTx:Sahil_Rai

8. Wi-Fi vulnerability assessment checklist
• Vulnerability assessments can help you find and fix WLAN
weaknesses before attackers take advantage of them
 Wireless Sniffing
• Wireless Card can be only on one channel at a time
• Can not sniff on all channels and band at the same time
• Wireless card needs to be capable of operate a/b/g/n/h ?
 For each discovered 802.11 access point, document:
 Media Access Control (MAC) address (BSSID)
 Extended service set identifier (ESSID)
 Channel Number
 Average/Peak signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
 Beaconed security parameters (i.e., WEP, Wpa, wpa2 security)

9. Wep Cracking: Lab Test Requirement
•
•
•
•
Airmon-ng
Airodump-ng
Aireplay-ng
Aircrack-ng
• Tp-link wlan card supporting only Seamlessly compatible with 802.11b/g .
© HaCkHiPp0-TeaM ! 2013
R0oTx:Sahil_Rai

10. Wpa Cracking: Lab Test Requirement
•
•
•
•
•
Airmon-ng
Airodump-ng
Aireplay-ng
Aircrack-ng
Dictionary File
• Tp-link wlan card supporting only Seamlessly compatible with 802.11b/g.
© HaCkHiPp0-TeaM ! 2013
R0oTx:Sahil_Rai

11. WPA 2 Cracking Using Reaver (WPS Brute
force)
Penetration-Testing Tool (Reaver)
Cracking WPA/Wpa2 using reaver, it uses a brute force attack on the access point's
WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) and may be able to recover the WPA/WPA2 passphrase in
4-10 hours but it also depends on the AP. there is no need to get a handshake.
© HaCkHiPp0-TeaM ! 2013
R0oTx:Sahil_Rai

12. Bypass Mac address binding

13. Wi-Fi Security Assessment
 Wi-Fi authentication process using centralized authentication server
Client Request Connection
AP send the EAP request to
determine identity
EAP response with identity
Forward the identity to the radius .
Send a request to the wireless client via AP specifying the
authentication mechanism to be used
The wireless client responds to the RADIUS server with its credential via the
Ap
Sends an encrypted authentication key
Global authentications key
to the AP if the credentials are
encrypted with per station unicast
acceptable
session key

14. Wi-Fi cracking commands details
Where: Wep/ Wpa Cracking
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-c 5 is the channel for the wireless network
--bssid 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 is the access point MAC address. This eliminate extraneous traffic.
-w capture is file name prefix for the file which will contain the IVs.
wlan0 is the interface name.
-1 means fake authentication
0 reassociation timing in seconds
-e teddy is the wireless network name
-a 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 is the access point MAC address
-h 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 is our card MAC address
wlan0 is the wireless interface name
Where: Wep/ Wpa Cracking
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-1 means fake authentication
0 reassociation timing in seconds
-e hhippo is the wireless network name
-a 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 is the access point MAC address
-h 00:0F:B5:88:AC:82 is our card MAC address
Wlan0 is the wireless interface name

15. Where:
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-5 means the fragmentation attack
-b 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 is the access point MAC address
-h 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 is the MAC address of our card and must match the MAC used in the
fake authentication
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wlan0is the wireless interface name
Where:
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-2 means use interactive frame selection
-r arp-request defines the file name from which to read the arp packet
wlan0 defines the interface to use
Where:
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-0 means generate an arp packet
-a 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 is the access point MAC address
-h 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 is MAC address of our card
-k 255.255.255.255 is the destination IP (most APs respond to 255.255.255.255)
-l 255.255.255.255 is the source IP (most APs respond to 255.255.255.255)
-y fragment-0203-180343.xor is file to read the PRGA from (NOTE: Change the file name to
the actual file name out in step 4 above)
 -w arp-request is name of file to write the arp packet to

16. Thank You
© HaCkHiPp0-TeaM ! 2013
R0oTx:Sahil_Rai
http://hackhippo.blogspot.com