SS7 is an international telecommunications standard that defines how network elements in a public switched telephone network exchange information over a digital signaling network. It uses out-of-band signaling where control information travels on a separate dedicated channel rather than within the same channel as the call. This allows calls to be set up more efficiently and enables special services like call forwarding. The SS7 network consists of signaling points like SSPs, STPs and SCPs that exchange messages to set up and manage calls and services between network elements.
What is SS7? An Introduction to Signaling System 7Alan Percy
SS7 or Signaling System 7 is the dominant protocol used to control the public telephone network. Call routing, number portability, caller-ID, mobile SMS and more are handled using SS7 in the public network. SS7 (along with SIGTRAN for transport), allow application to access public network resources for call control and authentication. During this session, we share some background on SS7, show how it is used in everyday communications, and provide some use cases in popular applications.
It is a handbook of UMTS/LTE/EPC CSFB call flows.
This document is originally edited by Justin MA and it is free to share to everyone who are interested.
All reference/resource are from internet. If there is any copy-right issue, please kindly inform Justin by majachang@gmail.com.
Thanks for your reading!
What is SS7? An Introduction to Signaling System 7Alan Percy
SS7 or Signaling System 7 is the dominant protocol used to control the public telephone network. Call routing, number portability, caller-ID, mobile SMS and more are handled using SS7 in the public network. SS7 (along with SIGTRAN for transport), allow application to access public network resources for call control and authentication. During this session, we share some background on SS7, show how it is used in everyday communications, and provide some use cases in popular applications.
It is a handbook of UMTS/LTE/EPC CSFB call flows.
This document is originally edited by Justin MA and it is free to share to everyone who are interested.
All reference/resource are from internet. If there is any copy-right issue, please kindly inform Justin by majachang@gmail.com.
Thanks for your reading!
This slide for your understanding on LTE !
LTE, the wireless access protocol for 4G mobile network service, has evolved from GSM and WCDMA based on 3GPP!
The contents of this slide is below;
I. LTE Introduction
II. LTE Protocol Layer
III. SAE Architecture
IV. NAS(Non Access Stratum) Protocols
V. EPC Protocol Stacks
With my regards,
Guisun Han
An introduction to Cellular communications Signaling, Specifically LTE Signaling.
Introducing 3GPP approach to handover and handoff mechanisms.
LTE architecture by alcatel-lucent included in this presentation.
This presentation focuses on mobility management protocols such as GTP-C and GTP-U.
This slide for your understanding on LTE !
LTE, the wireless access protocol for 4G mobile network service, has evolved from GSM and WCDMA based on 3GPP!
The contents of this slide is below;
I. LTE Introduction
II. LTE Protocol Layer
III. SAE Architecture
IV. NAS(Non Access Stratum) Protocols
V. EPC Protocol Stacks
With my regards,
Guisun Han
An introduction to Cellular communications Signaling, Specifically LTE Signaling.
Introducing 3GPP approach to handover and handoff mechanisms.
LTE architecture by alcatel-lucent included in this presentation.
This presentation focuses on mobility management protocols such as GTP-C and GTP-U.
Signaling System No. 7 is a set of telephony signaling protocols developed in 1975, which is used to set up and tear down telephone calls in most parts of the world-wide public switched telephone network.
What is Signaling?Common Channel Signaling Modes?What is SS7?
A digital switch is a device that handles digital signals generated at or passed through a telephone company central office and forwards them across the company's backbone network. ... A centrex is a digital switch at the central office that manages to switch for the private company from the central office.
This slide is very fruitful for those engineering students who give high preference to communication subject like Telecommunication, Optical Fiber Communication and even Wireless communication.
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Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
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block diagram and signal flow graph representation
Signaling system 7 (ss7)
1.
2. Signaling refers to the exchange of
information between call components
required to provide and maintain service.
As users of the PSTN, we exchange signaling
with network elements all the time.
SS7 is a means by which elements of the
telephone network exchange information.
3. Signaling System 7 (SS7) is an international
telecommunications standard that defines
how network elements in a public switched
telephone network (PSTN) exchange
information over a digital signaling network.
Nodes in an SS7 network are called signaling
points.
4. SS7 uses out-of-band signaling, which means that
signaling (control) information travels on a
separate, dedicated 56 or 64 Kbps channel
rather than within the same channel as the
telephone call.
Historically, the signaling for a telephone call
has used the same voice circuit that the
telephone call traveled on (this is known as in-
band signaling).
Using SS7, telephone calls can be set up more
efficiently and special services such as call
forwarding and wireless roaming service are
easier to add and manage.
5. Out-of-band signaling has several advantages
that make it more desirable than traditional
in-band signaling.
It allows for the transport of more data at higher
speeds (56 kbps can carry data much faster than
MF outpulsing).
It allows for signaling at any time in the entire
duration of the call, not only at the beginning.
It enables signaling to network elements to which
there is no direct trunk connection.
6. SS7 is used for these and other services:
Setting up and managing the connection for a call
Tearing down the connection when the call is
complete
Billing
Managing call forwarding, calling party name and
number display, three-way calling, and other
Intelligent Network (IN) services
Toll-free (800 and 888) and toll (900) calls
Wireless as well as wireline call service including
mobile telephone subscriber authentication, personal
communication service (PCS), and roaming
7. Information is conveyed in the form of messages.
SS7 messages can convey information such as:
I’m forwarding to you a call placed from 212-555-1234
to 718-555-
5678. Look for it on trunk 067.
Someone just dialed 800-555-1212. Where do I route
the call?
The called subscriber for the call on trunk 11 is busy.
Release the call and play a busy tone.
The route to XXX is congested. Please don’t send any
messages to XXX
unless they are of priority 2 or higher.
I’m taking trunk 143 out of service for maintenance.
8. SS7 consists of a set of reserved or dedicated
channels known as signaling links.
There are three kinds of network points
signaling points
Service Switching Points (SSPs)
Signal Transfer Points (STPs)
Service Control Points (SCPs)
9. signal switching points (SSPs)
SSPs are telephone switches (end offices or tandems)
equipped with SS7−capable software and terminating
signaling links. They generally originate, terminate,
or switch calls.
signal transfer points (STPs)
STPs are the packet switches of the SS7 network.
They receive and route incoming signaling messages
towards the proper destination. They also perform
specialized routing functions
signal control points (SCPs)
SCPs are databases that provide information
necessary for advanced call-processing capabilities
10. STPs and SCPs are customarily deployed in pairs. While elements
of a pair are not generally co-located, they work redundantly to
perform the same logical function. When drawing complex
network diagrams, these pairs may be depicted as a single
element for simplicity, as shown below.
12. STPs W and X perform identical functions. They are
redundant. Together, they are referred to as a mated pair
of STPs. Similarly, STPs Y and Z form a mated pair.
Each SSP has two links (or sets of links), one to each STP of
a mated pair. All SS7 signaling to the rest of the world is
sent out over these links. Because the STPs of a mated pair
are redundant, messages sent over either link (to either
STP) will be treated equivalently.
The STPs of a mated pair are joined by a link (or set of
links).
Two mated pairs of STPs are interconnected by four links
(or sets of links). These links are referred to as a quad.
SCPs are usually (though not always) deployed in pairs.
Signaling architectures such as this, which provide indirect
signaling paths between network elements, are referred to
as providing quasi-associated signaling.
13.
14. A link (access)
Connects signaling end point (SCP or SSP) to STP
B link (bridge)
Connects an STP to another STP(STPs from a network connect to STPs
of another network)
C link (cross)
Connects STPs performing identical functions, forming a mated pair
(for greater reliability)
D link (diagonal)
Connects a secondary (local or regional) STP pair to a primary (inter-
network gateway) STP pair in a quad-link configuration; the
distinction between B and D links is arbitrary
E link (extended)
Connects an SSP to an alternate STP
F link
(fully associated)
Connects two signaling end points (SSPs and SCPs) in the same local
network
15. the SS7 network is an interconnected set of
network elements that is used to exchange
messages in support of telecommunications
functions.
The SS7 protocol isdesigned to bothfacilitate
these functions and to maintain the network
over which they are provided. Like most
modern protocols, the SS7 protocol is
layered.
16. Massege Transfer part 1
Massege Transfer part 2
Massege Transfer part 3
Signaling Connection
Control Part
Transaction Capabilities
Application Part
Mobile Application Part
IN Application part
17. MTP1 is equivalent to the physical layer of
the OSI model
MTP1 defines the physical and electrical
characteristics of the signaling link.
The physical interfaces defined for SS7
include E-1 (2048kb/s; 3264kb/s channels),
DS-1(1544kb/s; 24 64kb/s channels),
V.35(64kb/s), DS-0(64kb/s) and DS-
0A(56kb/s)
18. MTP2 ensures reliable end-to-end transmission of
a message across a signaling link that directly
connects 2 nodes.
Implements flow control, message sequence
validation, error checking and error recovery.
19. ISUP defines one call control protocol used to
set-up, manage and release circuits that
carry voice and data calls in the PSTN.
ISUP uses the MTP for routing messages from
one SSP to another
SCCP provides connectionless and
connection-oriented network services via
MTP3 for the transfer of signaling messages
between SSP's.
20. While MTP3 provides point codes to allow
messages to be addressed to specific
signaling points, SCCP provides Subsystem
Numbers (SSN) to let messages be addressed
to specific applications at these signaling
points. MTP transfers messages node-to-node
while SCCP transfers messages end-to-end.
SCCP is used as the transport layer for TCAP
based services like, freephone(800/888),
local number portability and roaming.
21. TCAP messages are destined for application
entities.
TCAP is designed for non-circuit related messages.
TCAP provides a means for SCP-to-SCP communication
via STP's.
TCAP messages are used by SSPs to query an SCP (via
an STP) to determine the routing numbers associated
with a global title. The SCP uses TCAP to return a
response containing the routing numbers back to the
SSP via STP.
TCAP messages are transfered end-to-end using the
services of SCCP.
TCAP is not limited to database access, it is also used
to invoke other features from remote switches. TCAP
services include freephone, calling card, and wireless
roaming.
22. Mobile Application Part messages sent
between mobile switches and databases to
support user authentication, equipment
identification, and roaming are carried by
TCAP
Editor's Notes
Out-of-band signaling is signaling that does not take place over the same path as
the conversation.