This document discusses various methods of ground improvement including dry soil mixing, wet soil mixing, dynamic compaction, injection systems for expansive soils, vibro compaction, vibro piers, and vibro replacement. Dry soil mixing is the most common method and involves mechanically mixing weak soils like clays with dry cement to create soilcrete. Wet soil mixing similarly mixes soils with cement slurry and is best for soils with up to 60% moisture content. Vibro compaction, vibro piers, and vibro replacement all involve vibrating aggregates like stone into the ground to improve load-bearing capacity.

1. GROUND IMPROVEMENT
BY
P . VENKATESH REDDY

2. WHY GROUND IMPROVEMENT IS NECESSARY?
• Subsurface conditions can vary greatly within a single job site and the characteristics of the in situ soil
play a crucial role in determining which ground improvement technique or group of techniques is best

3. TYPES OF GROUND IMPROVEMENT
• Dry soil mixing
• Dynamic compaction
• Injection system for expansive soils.
• Rapid impact compaction
• Rigid inclusions
• Vibro compaction
• Vibro concrete columns
• Vibro piers
• Vbro replacement
• Wet soil mixing

4. DRY SOIL MIXING
• This is the most common method used for ground improvement
• that improves the characteristics of soft, high moisture content clays, peats, and other weak soils, by
mechanically mixing them with dry cementitious binder to create soilcrete.
• The process is often used in high ground water conditions and has the advantage of producing
practically no spoil for disposal.
• Visual inspection is possible with a camera lowered into a corehole.

6. WET SOIL MIXING
• Deep Mixing Method, is a ground improvement technique that improves the characteristics of weak
soils by mechanically mixing them with cementitious binder slurry
• Wet soil mixing is best suited for soils with moisture contents up to 60 percent.
• If the moisture content is greater than 60 percent, dry soil mixing may be more economical
• Wet sampling in fresh columns and coring of cured columns can be used to verify strength. Test
columns can be excavated for visual inspection of the soilcrete

9. DYNAMIC COMPACTION

11. INJECTION SYSTEMS FOR EXPANSIVE SOILS

12. VIBRO COMPACTION

13. • This method is been adopted in DUBAI for the constructions on palm island.
• Vibro compaction rigs can be fully instrumented with an on-board computer to monitor parameters
during vibro compaction. Monitoring these parameters allows the operator to correct any deviations in
real-time during the construction process to keep the vibro compaction within project specifications.

14. VIBRO PIERS™ (AGGREGATE PIERS)

15. VIBRO REPLACEMENT (STONE COLUMNS)