Know the necessity of ground improvement
Understand the various ground improvement techniques available
Select design suitable ground improvement technique for existing soil conditions in the field
Rapid urban and industrial growth demands more land for further development, to meet this demand land reclamation and utilization of unsuitable and environmentally affected lands have been taken up and converted to useful ones by adopting one or more Ground Improvement Techniques
Rapid urban and industrial growth demands more land for further development, to meet this demand land reclamation and utilization of unsuitable and environmentally affected lands have been taken up and converted to useful ones by adopting one or more Ground Improvement Techniques
Vibro replacement stone columns are a ground improvement technique to improve the load bearing capacity and reduce the settlement of the soil. On many occasions, it is noted that the local soil is, by nature, unable to bear the proposed structure, so the use of ground improvement techniques may be necessary. Use of stone columns is one such technique. The stone column consists of crushed coarse aggregates of various sizes. The ratio in which the stones of different sizes will be mixed is decided by design criteria
Pervious concrete (also called porous concrete, permeable concrete, no fines concrete and porous pavement) is a special type of concrete with a high porosity used for concrete flatwork applications that allows water from precipitation and other sources to pass directly through, thereby reducing the runoff from a site and allowing groundwater recharge.
A pervious concrete street
Pervious concrete is made using large aggregates with little to no fine aggregates. The concrete paste then coats the aggregates and allows water to pass through the concrete slab. Pervious concrete is traditionally used in parking areas, areas with light traffic, residential streets, pedestrian walkways, and greenhouses.[1][2] It is an important application for sustainable construction and is one of many low impact development techniques used by builders to protect water quality.
Vibro replacement stone columns are a ground improvement technique to improve the load bearing capacity and reduce the settlement of the soil. On many occasions, it is noted that the local soil is, by nature, unable to bear the proposed structure, so the use of ground improvement techniques may be necessary. Use of stone columns is one such technique. The stone column consists of crushed coarse aggregates of various sizes. The ratio in which the stones of different sizes will be mixed is decided by design criteria
Pervious concrete (also called porous concrete, permeable concrete, no fines concrete and porous pavement) is a special type of concrete with a high porosity used for concrete flatwork applications that allows water from precipitation and other sources to pass directly through, thereby reducing the runoff from a site and allowing groundwater recharge.
A pervious concrete street
Pervious concrete is made using large aggregates with little to no fine aggregates. The concrete paste then coats the aggregates and allows water to pass through the concrete slab. Pervious concrete is traditionally used in parking areas, areas with light traffic, residential streets, pedestrian walkways, and greenhouses.[1][2] It is an important application for sustainable construction and is one of many low impact development techniques used by builders to protect water quality.
Introduction and comparison of ground improvement techniquesNouman Ijaz Chatha
This presentation will provide the reader with all the necessary information regarding ground improvement techniques for both cohesive and non-cohesive soils with comparison among few. It also carries some practical examples of ground improvement.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
2. Foreword
Engineering Ground Modifications {Intro}
Need and Objectives
Identification of soil types
In-situ and laboratory test
Characterization of problematic soils
Methods and Their applications
3. Intro
Ground improvement may be defined as
“The process in which in-situ soils are improved for the support of the foundations in known as
ground improvement”.
• In the early times before the advancement in the geotechnical engineering, the only chance for
the foundation engineers was to design the foundation matching to the sub soil conditions at the
provided site. But now a day due to the improvements in geotechnical techniques and with the
help of latest technology it is possible for us to modify the weak foundation soil to the strength
and compressibility characteristics to suit the foundation of our choice.
• Ground Improvement is the application of various geotechnical techniques that are used to re-
engineer existing soils to improve their engineering characteristics.
4. Needs of GIT:
As more and more land becomes subject to urban or
industrial development, good construction sites and
borrow areas are difficult to find and the soil
improvement alternatives becomes the best option,
technically and economically. Where a project
encounters difficult foundation conditions, possible
alternative solutions are: Avoid the particular site.
Relocate a planned highway or development
site. Design the planned structure accordingly Remove
and replace unsuitable soils. Removing organic topsoil,
which is soft, compressible, and volumetrically
unstable. This is a standard precaution in road or
foundation construction.
5. Objective of GIT
The most common traditional objectives
include improvement of the soil and
ground for use as a foundation or
construction material. The typical
Engineering objectives have been
Increasing shear strength,
durability, stiffness, stability.
Mitigating undesirable properties (eg
. Shrink/ swell
potential, compressibility, liquefability.)
Modifying permeability, the rate of fluid
to flow through a medium.
Ground improvement methods have
provided adverse choice of approaches
to solving these challenges.
6. Factors affecting choice of
improvement method:
SOIL TYPE AREA REQUIRED SOIL
PROPERTIES
AVAILABILITY OF
MATERIALS
AVAILABILITY OF
SKILLS
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCERNS
ECONOMICS
7. Identifying your soil type
• Pick up a handful and squeeze it together. Sand feels gritty and the
grains do not stick together when squeezed. Loam feels velvety or
flour-like when dry and forms a weak ball shape when wet which
crumbles apart when dry. Clay feels sticky, but goes smooth when
rubbed. Chalk will have large lumps in it and be hard to mould.
9. In-situ laboratory test for
problematic Soils
• In Situ and Laboratory Testing ESG’s (Environmental, Social and Governance) geotechnical division offers a wide range of in
situ and laboratory-based testing methods for the measurement of soil and rock stiffness parameters.
• Various Lab Test on Soil inspection or say geotechnical inspection is very important in understanding the physical properties
of soil and the rocks beneath. This is required to ascertain the type of foundation required for the proposed construction.
Various tests are done to explore the sub surface and surface characteristics of soil .Some of these are given below. Just
click on the link to go to the details of that particular test.
• Standard penetration test
• Cone penetration test
• Density of soil by sand replacement method and core cutter method
• Grain size analysis
11. Classification of Ground Modification
Techniques
Four groups
of ground
improvement
Techniques
are
distinguished:
12. Mechanical modification
• Soil density is increased by the application of Short-term external
mechanical forces, including Compaction of surface layers by
• Static
• Vibratory
• Impact rollers
• Plate vibrators.
13. Hydraulic modification:-Free –pore water is forced out of the soil via (by means of) drains
of wells. - In coarse grained soils, this is achieved by lowering the ground water level
through pumping from boreholes or trenches. - In fine-grained soils, The long term
application of external loads (preloading) or electrical forces (electrokinetic stabilization) is
required.
Physical and Chemical modification:- Additives include: - natural soils - industrial by-
products or waste materials (fly ash, slag), - Cementations and other chemicals (lime,
cement) which react with each other and the ground. When additives are injected via
boreholes under pressure into the voids within the ground or between it and a structure,
the process is called GROUTING. THERMAL METHODS OF MODIFICATION.
Rigs with multiple injectors deliver the stabilizing fluid into the soil. The fluid will prefer to
travel into cracks and fissures. Soil stabilization by heating the ground and by freezing the
ground.
14. Modification by inclusion and
Confinement Reinforcement
Strips
Fibers
Bars
Meshes and
Fabrics.
Insitu reinforcement is achieved by nails and anchors.