Gross anatomy of skull and facial bones
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The document summarizes the gross anatomy of the skull and facial bones. It describes the two main subdivisions of the cranium as the neurocranium, which forms the brain case from 8 bones, and the splanchnocranium, which makes up the facial skeleton from 14 bones including the maxillae and mandible. It also outlines the layers of the neurocranium including the calvaria formed from dermal bones, and lists the topographic regions including the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae and orbital and nasal cavities.
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Development of eye
The eye develops from tissues originating from three germ layers - the ectoderm, neuroectoderm and mesoderm. The optic vesicle develops from the forebrain as an outgrowth of the neural plate. It induces the surface ectoderm to form the lens placode. The optic vesicle then invaginates to form the optic cup, with the inner layer forming the neural retina and outer layer the pigmented retina. The lens vesicle forms from the lens placode and becomes surrounded by the optic cup. Various ocular structures derive from these primordial tissues, with the lens, retina and vitreous developing from neuroectoderm and the sclera, choroid and iris from mesoderm.
Anatomy of Uvea track
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the uveal tract. It describes the three parts of the uveal tract - iris, ciliary body, and choroid. The iris regulates the size of the pupil and gives eye color. The ciliary body secretes aqueous humor and helps with accommodation. It has ciliary processes that increase the surface area for secretion. Aqueous humor is formed through active transport of ions from the stroma into epithelial cells and through their gap junctions into the posterior chamber. The choroid provides nutrients and absorbs light.
Cranial Nerves
This document provides information on the 12 cranial nerves, with a focus on the trigeminal nerve (CN V) and its three divisions - the ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3) nerves. It describes the origin, course, branches, and functions of these cranial nerves, including their roles in sensory innervation and motor control of structures in the head, neck, face, and oral cavity. The autonomic ganglia associated with CN V, such as the ciliary and sphenopalatine ganglia, are also discussed.
skull base vish.pptx
The skull base forms the floor of the cranial cavity and separates the brain from facial structures. It is composed of five bones: ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital, and paired temporal and frontal bones. The anterior skull base is formed by the orbital plates of the frontal bone laterally, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone in the midline, and the lesser sphenoid wing posteriorly. The middle skull base is formed mainly by the sphenoid bone and the temporal bone anterior to the petrous ridge. The posterior skull base is formed by the occipital bone and parts of the temporal and sphenoid bones. Infections and tumors originating from the deep facial spaces can
Prenatal development of cranial base
This document discusses the prenatal development of the cranial base. It begins with an introduction and overview of cranial base anatomy. It then describes the three major phases of skull base development: appearance of the mesenchymal anlage, chondrification, and ossification. Specific details are provided on the development of individual bones that make up the cranial base, including the ethmoid, sphenoid, and occipital bones. The document also discusses how variations in cranial base morphology can influence adjacent craniofacial structures and relationships.
Meninges of brain & Grey matter of Spinal cord
The three layers of the meninges are the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The dura mater is the outermost and thickest layer. It forms venous sinuses and folds inward. The arachnoid mater is a thin, avascular layer that forms the subarachnoid space. The pia mater is a thin, vascular layer that closely invests the brain and spinal cord. The subarachnoid space contains cerebrospinal fluid and is located between the arachnoid and pia layers. The spinal cord has gray matter containing neuronal cell bodies in the interior and white matter containing nerve fibers on the exterior. The gray matter is organized into
Skull Development
The skull is divided into two parts: the neurocranium, which forms a protective case around the brain, and the viscerocranium, which forms the skeleton of the face. The neurocranium consists of membranous bones that surround the brain and cartilaginous bones that form the base of the skull. At birth, the flat bones of the skull are separated by sutures and fontanelles, which allow the bones to overlap during birth and gradually close over the first few years of life. The viscerocranium develops from the first two pharyngeal arches and includes bones such as the maxilla, mandible, and middle ear ossicles.
Brain stem
The document provides an overview of the brain stem, which is divided into 3 main sections - the midbrain, pons, and medulla. It describes the anatomical structures and nuclei contained within each section. Key functions include automatic behaviors for survival, relay of fiber tracts between the brain and spinal cord, and housing cranial nerve nuclei III-XII. The clinical significance is also summarized, outlining various neurological deficits that can result from lesions or vascular accidents affecting different parts of the brain stem.
Cranium- anatomy of basi-cranium, dural venous sinus
Cranium is the skeleton of the head.
Neurocranium is the bony case of the brain and meninges. It is formed by a series of eight bones:
Unpaired: Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid & Occipital
Paired : Temporal, Parietal
Ethmoid bone relatively minor contribution
The neurocranium
Anatomy lecture on the bones of the neurocranium (osteology of neurocranium)
easy to memorize and made in a summary style
best for your study plan
detalied anatomy of each bone
with the review of what will be on exam and what is important
best for exam preperation
Lecture 1 orbit dr. noura
Here are the nerve supplies indicated:
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
III
III
III
IV
VI
II
II
Lecture 1 orbit-by Dr. Noura- 2018
Here are the nerve supplies indicated:
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
III
III
III
IV
VI
II
II
Nervous system anatomy
The document discusses the anatomy of the nervous system. It describes the surfaces and lobes of the cerebral hemispheres, including the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes. It also discusses the ventricle system, including the lateral ventricles, third ventricle, fourth ventricle, and cerebral aqueduct. The cerebellum is connected to the brainstem by three peduncles. Several cranial foramina that transmit nerves and vessels are also described.
Anatomy of skull base
Anatomy of the skull base,
Foramen of the skull base, lateral skull base, anterior skull base, internal carotid artery, cranial nerves, cavernous sinus
Similar to Gross anatomy of skull and facial bones (20)
Cta 201 module 5 cranium bones and facial bones (1)
Cta 201 module 5 cranium bones and facial bones (1)
Cranium- anatomy of basi-cranium, dural venous sinus
Cranium- anatomy of basi-cranium, dural venous sinus
Recently uploaded
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
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In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Bordettela is a gram negative cocobacilli spread by air born drop let
Recently uploaded (20)
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Gross anatomy of skull and facial bones
- 1. Gross Anatomy of Skull and Facial Bones Objective 1.
- 2. The Cranium and Its Subdivisions • Two subdivisions of the Cranium: • Neurocranium – Skeleton of the Brain Capsule • 8 bones – Frontal, 2 Parietal, 2 Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid, Ethmoid • Splanchnocranium/Viscerocranium – Facial skeleton • Maxillae, Palatine, Zygomatic, Nasal, Lacrimal, Inferior Nasal Conchae, Vomer, Mandible, Hyoid
- 3. Neurocranium • Calvaria – roof, flat dermal bones developed by Intramembranous Ossification • Enveloped by periosteum • Layers of bone beneath periosteum: • Outer compact – strong • Trabecular/Spongy – contains diploic veins • Inner Compact - fragile • Base of Neurocranium – lower part of skull formed by irregular bones, developed via Endochondral ossification
- 5. Lateral View
- 10. Topographic Regions of the Skull • Intracranial Regions • Anterior Cranial Fossa • Middle Cranial Fossa • Posterior Cranial Fossa • Cavities of the Facial Skeleton • 2 Orbital Cavities • Nasal Cavity • Oral Cavity
- 13. Facial Skeleton
- 14. Joints Between Cranial Bones Synarthroses Synostoses Diarthroses Sutures – coronal, sagittal, lamboid, temporoparietal Osseous (occur during ossification of sutures between parts of cranial bones Temporomandibular Joint (only synovial joint of the cranium) Gomphoses – between teeth and gums Cartilaginous – chondrocranium. Temporary and permanent (nasoseptal) Membranes and Ligaments Ex. Frontallles Membrane, stylomandibular, stylohyoid ligaments
- 15. Movements of the Mandible