Grinding report
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This grinding report summarizes two experiments conducted in a work shop. The first experiment used a surface grinding machine to grind a plate, resulting in a smooth surface finish. The second experiment used a bench grinding machine to create cutting tools for a lathe by sharpening metal plates. Bench grinders are used to drive abrasive wheels and shape metal for welding or fitting by sharpening tools like drill bits. The report provides details on the equipment, procedures, and results of the two grinding experiments.
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A Milling is the machining process of using rotary cutters to remove material from a work piece by advancing (or feeding) in a direction at an angle with the axis of the tool.
A dynamometer or "dyno" for short, is a device for measuring force, torque, or power. For example, the power produced by an engine, motor or other rotating prime mover can be calculated by simultaneously measuring torque and rotational speed (RPM).
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Theory of metal cutting MG University(S8 Production Notes)
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Scenario of manufacturing process – Deformation of metals,
Schmid’s law (review only) – Performance and process parameters – single point cutting
tool nomenclature - attributes of each tool nomenclature - attributes of feed and tool
signature on surface roughness obtainable, role of surface roughness on crack initiation -
Oblique and orthogonal cutting – Mechanism of metal removal - Primary and secondary
deformation shear zones - Mechanism of chip formation, card model, types of chip,
curling of chips, flow lines in a chip, BUE, chip breakers, chip thickness ratio –
Mechanism of orthogonal cutting: Thin zone and thick zone, Merchant’s analysis – shear
angle relationship, Lee and Shaffer`s relationship, simple problems – Friction process in
metal cutting: nature of sliding friction, columb`s law, adhesion theory, ploughing, sublayer
flow – Empirical determination of force component.
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Grinding is an abrasive machining process that uses a rotating abrasive wheel to remove material from a workpiece through its cutting action. It can achieve very high accuracies and fine surface finishes. There are two main types - precision grinding for accurate dimensions and surface grinding, and non-precision grinding for roughing operations. The grinding wheel consists of abrasive grains bonded together using a bonding material and is precisely balanced for high-speed rotation. Process parameters like abrasive type, grain size, bonding material and wheel grade are selected based on the material and precision requirements.
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Gear finishing processes are necessary to produce accurate, smooth gear teeth after initial formation. The main gear finishing processes are gear shaving, burnishing, grinding, lapping, and honing. Gear shaving involves running a gear against a cutter to scrape off irregularities. Gear burnishing plastically moves excess material during rolling. Gear grinding is the most accurate but also the most expensive method. Lapping and honing use abrasives to remove burrs and irregularities from heat treated gears in a faster process than other methods.
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This document discusses optimization of cutting conditions for metal cutting operations. It introduces key factors like cutting speed, feed rate, and tool life that impact production time and cost. Equations are presented to calculate the optimum cutting speed and tool life that give minimum production cost and time. The relationships between these variables are illustrated with graphs. The document also provides examples of how to estimate costs for machine tools, operators, and tools to determine optimal cutting conditions for a given machining operation.
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A Milling is the machining process of using rotary cutters to remove material from a work piece by advancing (or feeding) in a direction at an angle with the axis of the tool.
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Metal cutting or Machining is the process of producing workpiece by removing unwanted material from a block of metal. in the form of chips. This process is most important since almost all the products get their final shape and size by metal removal. either directly or indirectly.
The major drawback of the process is loss of material in the form of chips. In this chapter. we shall have a fundamental understanding of the basic metal process.
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2. The key parts are the grinding wheel, reciprocating work table, and various wheels for transverse, down, and cross feeds. The grinding wheel rotates horizontally to grind workpieces held on the reciprocating table.
3. The machine is used to grind metals with small widths and in medium-scale manufacturing industries such as for auto parts, taps, and aluminum shops. It allows hands-on workpiece holding and achieves high accuracy grinding.
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This document provides instructions for students in the Mechanical Engineering Department's Machining and Machine Tools lab (ME692) at JIS College of Engineering. It outlines general information, safety rules, and procedures for 6 experiments to be performed on lathes and milling machines. The experiments include studying tool geometry, spur gear cutting, measuring cutting forces, and converting a circular rod to a square rod through shaping. Students are instructed to properly set up equipment, select cutting parameters, and take safety precautions to safely complete the machining operations and experiments.
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1. The document describes an experiment to calculate the chip thickness ratio when machining a polyamide shaft on a lathe machine. Key measurements taken include workpiece weight before and after cutting, width of cut, and length of chip.
2. Chip thickness ratio is defined as the thickness of the metal before cutting divided by the thickness after cutting. Important factors that influence chip thickness include cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and tool geometry.
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This document describes an experiment to study the effects of cutting conditions on surface roughness of a turned part. It discusses the objective, equipment used including a lathe machine and surface roughness measuring instrument. The main factors that influence surface roughness are cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, tool geometry and wear. Higher depth of cut and feed rate increase roughness, while higher cutting speed decreases roughness. The experiment measured roughness at various levels of these factors and discussed the results.
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This document describes an experiment on cavitation. The objectives are to demonstrate the appearance and sound of cavitation, show when it occurs, and how to prevent it. Cavitation occurs when the pressure in a liquid decreases below its vapor pressure, causing bubbles to form. These bubbles collapse violently, which can damage hydraulic systems. The document discusses cavitation theory, provides calculations from the experiment, and discusses how increasing static pressure can prevent cavitation.
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Boyle report
1) The document summarizes an experiment on Boyle's law and Gay-Lussac's law.
2) Boyle's law states that for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, the product of pressure and volume is constant. Gay-Lussac's law states that for a fixed amount of gas at constant volume, pressure and temperature are directly proportional.
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Grinding report
- 1. Grinding Report Work shop Khogr kamal Ibarhim Second Class Production and metallurgy engineering 2018-2017
- 12. Experiment No:- 1 Experiment Name :- Surface Girding Machine (horizontal) Martial :- 1- Safety glass and shoes and hand protective 2- grinding machine 3- plate (60 cm *40cm ) 4- ruler Producer :- Surface grinding is used primarily for the operation of flat surfaces that mechanically or magnetically stabilize. Surface grinding operations can be divided by the position of the grating shaft to: Horizontal grinding with a horizontal rotation column. Front grinding of vertical column. Surface grinding machines have rotating tables that move back and forth, or round tables rotating. .get plate and pit on the table after turn on magnitude after turn machine to grinding process Result : After grinding the specimen surface get smooth production
- 13. Experiment No:- 2 Experiment Name :- Create cutting tool lathe in Bench grinding machine Matrail:- safety (glass- hand protective….) Bench grinding machine Water cooling plate to cutting tool Producer :- A bench grinder is a benchtop type of grinding machine used to drive abrasive wheels. ... Depending on the bond and grade of the grinding wheel, it may be used for sharpening cutting tools such as tool bits, drill bits, chisels, and gouges. Alternatively, it may be used to roughly shape metal prior to welding or fitting to create cutting tool lathe on the grainding machine right hand left hand