Flow of fluids: Types of manometers, Reynolds number and its significance, Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications, Energy losses, Orifice meter, Venturimeter, Pitot tube and Rotometer.
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Size Separation: Objectives, applications & mechanism of size separation, official standards of powders, sieves, size separation Principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Sieve shaker, cyclone separator, Air separator, Bag filter & elutriation tank
Flow of fluids: Types of manometers, Reynolds number and its significance, Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications, Energy losses, Orifice meter, Venturimeter, Pitot tube and Rotometer.
Size Reduction: Objectives, Mechanisms & Laws governing size reduction, factors affecting size reduction, principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Hammer mill, ball mill, fluid energy mill, Edge runner mill & end runner mill.
Size Separation: Objectives, applications & mechanism of size separation, official standards of powders, sieves, size separation Principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Sieve shaker, cyclone separator, Air separator, Bag filter & elutriation tank
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
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A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
1. Fluid Lab
l
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Method of pressure measurement
Name: Khogr Kamal Ibrahim
Group: 2
Fluid lab.
2021
Kurdistan Regional Government
Sulaimani Polytechnic University
Mechanical engineering
2. Fluid Lab
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Introductin:
Manometer :It is a widely used device for measurement of fluid pressure under
steady state and laboratory conditions. This method involves balancing the
unknown pressure against the pressure produced by a fluid column of known
density. The manometer gives directly the gauge pressure. In order to improve
the resolution on very low-pressure manometers, the indicating tube is
inclined to cause a greater linear movement than a vertical tube. U-tube and
inclined
U TUBE MANOMETERS :-The principles of manometry are most easily
demonstrated in the U tube manometer shown in Figure l. It is simply a glass
tube bent to form the letter U and partially filled with some liquid. With both
legs of the instrument open to atmosphere or subjected to the same pressure,
the liquid maintains exactly the same level or a zero reference. As illustrated in
Figure 2, if a pressure is applied to the left side of the instrument, the fluid
recedes in the left leg and raises in the right leg. The fluid moves until the unit
weight of the flu id as indicated by H exactly balances the pressure. This is
known as hydrostatic balance. The height of fluid from one surface to the other
is the actual height of fluid opposing the pressure.
INCLINED MANOMETERS: Many applications require accurate measurement of
low pressure such as drafts and very low differentials. To better handle these
applications the manometer is arranged with the indicating tube inclined, as in
Figure 6, providing for better resolution. This arrangement can allow 12" of
scale length to represent 1" of vertical liquid height. With scale subdivisions, a
pressure of 0.00036 psi (one hundredth of an inch of water) can be read.
3. Fluid Lab
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OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate different pressure measurement methods.
Pressure measurement operations will be conducted by using U-tube and inclined tube
manometers. Bourdon tube manometer will be calibrated by using dead weight piston gauge.
THEORY
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per
unit area over which that force is distributed. It has units of N/m2
or Pa or psi.
The absolute pressure - pabs - is measured relative to the absolute zero pressure - the pressure that
would occur at absolute vacuum. All calculations involving the gas law requires pressure (and
temperature) to be in absolute units.
A gauge is often used to measure the pressure difference between a system and the surrounding
atmosphere. This pressure is often called the gauge pressure and can be expressed as
pg = ps - patm (2)
where
pg = gauge pressure
ps = system pressure
patm = atmospheric pressure
U-tube manometer is widely used to measure pressure difference between two containers or two
points in the system.
Bourdon pressure gage is one of the most commonly used devices. It operates on a principle that
when a pressure acts on an elastic structure, the structure will deform and this deformation can be
related to the magnitude of the pressure. It is most commonly used technique for fluids.
EQUIPMENTS TO BE USED
U tube manometer
Inclined Utube manometer
4. Fluid Lab
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Procedure :
*preparation of manometer pressure device
*preparation syringe
* push the syringe to generate pressure
*readers of different heights generated by
pressures
*pressure exploration due to height
* comparing the pressure between the pressure
gauge and pressure that I found .
7. Fluid Lab
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Discussion :
A U-tube manometer is made up of a transparent tube having a small diameter
with a shape like letter “U”. This device indicates the difference between two
pressures (differential pressure), or between a single pressure and atmosphere
(gage pressure), when one side is open to atmosphere. When both ends of a U-
tube manometer are open, the liquid is at the same height in each leg. When
positive pressure is applied to one leg, the liquid is forced down in that leg and up
in the other. The difference in height, "h," which is the sum of the readings above
and below zero, indicates the pressure. The difference in pressure (PA- PB) is
determined by the negative product of specific weight of water and h4(water),
added to the product of specific weight of water and h3(water), added to the
product of specific weight of mercury and Δh (mercury), subtracted to the
product of specific weight of water and h2(water) and added to the product of
specific weight of water and h1(water).