This document discusses different types of diagrams used to summarize data including bar diagrams, pie charts, pictograms, and map diagrams. It provides examples and explanations of simple bar diagrams, multiple bar diagrams, proportional bar diagrams, pie charts, and pictograms. Bar diagrams can display data as vertical or horizontal bars and are useful for comparisons. Pie charts show frequencies as angles of a circle proportional to the values. Pictograms represent data visually. Map diagrams depict geographical distributions.

1. Dr. Kishor M. Sochaliya
Associate Professor
PSM Department
CUSMC

2. 1. BAR DIAGRAM
2. PIE / SECTOR DIAGRAM
3. PICTOGRAM / PICTURE DIAGRAM
4. MAP DIAGRAM / SPOT MAP

4. BAR DIAGRAMS
Length of the bars = Indicates the frequency of
a character.
Ω Vertical
Ω Horizontal
Very popular and easy method for comparison
of different frequencies e.g., morbidity,
mortality, immunization status, sexes etc..
Ascending or Descending order
Space between any of the two bars = Equal to
half of the width of the bar.

5. BAR DIAGRAMS
Bar diagram can be 3 types :
1) Simple bar
2) Multiple bar
3) Proportional bar

6. SIMPLE BAR
Example 1:
The following table gives the birth rate per thousand of
different countries over a certain period of time. Draw a
simple bar diagram.
Country Birth rate (per 1000)
India 33
Germany 15
U.K. 20
China 40
New Zealand 30
Sweden 15

7. VERTICAL SIMPLE BAR
DIAGRAM

8. HORIZONTAL SIMPLE BAR DIAGRAM

9. SIMPLE BAR
Example 2:
The following table gives the reported cases of poliomyelitis
after Pulse Polio Immunization in Delhi state. Draw a
suitable diagram
Year
Reported cases of
Poliomyelitis
1994 585
1995 415
1996 272

10. MULTIPLE BAR
Example 3:
Present the following distribution on live birth by order of
birth (India) by bar chart.
Birth order 1972 1978
1 19.85 23.45
2 17.44 20.63
3 15.70 17.49
4 13.77 13.38
5 11.24 9.69
≥ 6 22.00 15.36

11. MULTIPLE BAR

12. MULTIPLE BAR

13. PROPORTIONAL / COMPONENT BAR
Example 4:
The table below shows the quantity in hundred kilograms of
Wheat, Barley and Oats produced on a certain form during the
years 1991 to 1994.
Years Wheat Barley Oats
1991 34 18 27
1992 43 14 24
1993 43 16 27
1994 45 13 34

14. PROPORTIONAL / COMPONENT BAR
34
43 43 45
18
14 16 13
27 24
27
34
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1991 1992 1993 1994
Production
(kgs)
Year
Production of wheat, barley and oats in
kilograms from 1991 to 1994
Oats
Barley
Wheat

16. PIE DIAGRAMS
The frequencies of the group are shown in a
circle.
Degrees of angle denote the frequency and
area of sector.
Total area of the pie diagram should be 100%.
So, size of each angle is calculated by
multiplying the class percentage with 3.6.
E.g., so the formula is:
𝑪𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒐𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔
 𝟑𝟔𝟎

17. PIE / SECTOR DIAGRAM
Example 5:
Prepare sector diagram for the following table
Type of Leprosy No. of patients
Tuberculoid 148
Lepromatous 64
Indeterminate 18
Borderline 10
Total 240

18. PIE / SECTOR DIAGRAM
Tuberculoid = (148/240)  360
= 222
Lepromatous = (64/240)  360
= 96
Indeterminate = (18/240)  360
= 27
Borderline = (10/240)  360
= 15
Type of
Leprosy
No. of patients
Tuberculoid 148
Lepromatous 64
Indeterminate 18
Borderline 10
Total 240

19. PIE / SECTOR DIAGRAM
Example 5:
Prepare sector diagram for the following table
Type of
Leprosy
No. of patients
Tuberculoid 148
Lepromatous 64
Indeterminate 18
Borderline 10
Total 240

20. PIE / SECTOR DIAGRAM
Example 6:
Prepare pie chart for the following table
Blood group %
CVD 48
Infectious diseases 26
Accident 4
Cancer 22
Total 100

22. PICTOGRAM
This is the popular method of presenting
data to illiterate people (that is those who
can not understand the orthodox charts).
such as attacks, deaths, no. operated,
admitted, discharged, accidents et. in a
population.

23. PICTOGRAM

24. PICTOGRAM

26. MAP DIAGRAM
Prepared to
show
geographical
distribution of
frequencies of
characteristic.
E.g., Mortality
due to CVD in
different states
of India