Granulation is the process of forming powders or particles into larger, agglomerated granules. It involves collecting particles together using compression or a binding agent to form bonds between them. Granulation is widely used in tablet and pellet manufacturing. The document outlines the key steps in wet granulation processing which includes mixing, drying, screening, and blending. It describes the equipment used such as rapid mixer granulators, fluid bed dryers, and octagonal blenders. The goal of granulation is to improve powder flow and the mechanical properties of tablets for efficient production.

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Granulation for Tablets:
Process & Industrial Equipments
by
ALOK RANJAN RAY
6th Sem. Roll No. 27701916010
Guide
Dhanabal Kumarasamy
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
NSHM College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata

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Granulation is the act of forming into granules.
Granules typically have a size range between 0.2 and 4.0
mm depending on their subsequent use. It is the process
of collecting particles together by creating bonds between
them. Bonds are formed by compression or by using a
binding agent. Granulation is extensively used in the
manufacturing of tablets and pallets.
Granulation
Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulation_%28process%29

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Formulation of Granules
Ref: http://www.cjtech.co.kr/Process%20Principles%20Wet%20Granulation.htm

4. Weight Verification
Sifting(Sieve area)
Dry Granulation
Paste
Wet Granulation
Drying
Blending and lubrication
Multi Milling
Wet screening
Procedure for Granulation

5.  SIFTING (BY Vibratory Sifter) :
 Transfer the dispensed material into
Sifting area. Check sieve integraty
before starting sifting operation shift
the dispensed material through the
meshes as specified . check the
integrity of sieve after completion of
sifting .
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Procedure for Granulation

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Dry powders are first loaded into the RMG by vacuum or gravity.
Dry mixing is the first step of the process.
After the products are mixed by means of the bottom drive rotating
impeller, a binder is introduced into the product.
The binder can be added in dry form or sprayed in as part of a binding
solution.
Procedure For Granulation
Mixing by Rapid Mixer Granulator (RMG)

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Procedure For Granulation
Mixing by Rapid Mixer Granulator (RMG)
Spraying occurs though one or more spray nozzles and is quickly dispersed
into the product by the mixing action of the main mixing tool (impeller)
and the chopper blade.
The chopper blade, which is positioned in the highest circumferential area
of the product aids in de-lumping.
The end point of the granulation is detected by ammeter. Granules are
then easily and automatically discharged from a port in the bowl's side.
The wet granules are generally milled as they come out of the granulator.
Ref: http://alliancemachines.com/preview/Rapid%20Mixer%20Granulator.html

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Rapid Mixer Granulator (RMG)

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Procedure For Granulation
STARCH PASTE (BINDER) :
Starch Paste Kettles
The basic principle of this
kettle is the jacket for passing
steam in order to melt down
the product to make paste

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Procedure For Granulation
DRYING ( BY FLUID BED DRYER) :
The main principle involve in fluidize
bed dryer is “fluidization”.
In this state granules are completely
suspended in a stream of hot air which
is being supplied from the bottom of
the container.
Filter bags prevent partical escaping
from the dryer.
The material is left for some time in
the dryer for reaching ambient time.
The end product is free flowing.

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Fluidization:
Ref: https://www.saintytec.com/fluid-bed-granulation-process/
Fluid Bed Dryer

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RASPING (DRY SCREENING) :
Check the cleanliness and collect
the dried granules in container.
Rasp the dried granules from
FBD through vaccume rated
co-mill using 2.5mm screen.
Procedure For Granulation

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BLENDING AND LUBRICATION:
Transfer the rasped granules and
sifted lubricants in blending area.
Then add the sifted glidants
above mentioned in the octa
blender and lubricated at slow
speed for 5 minutes.
Procedure For Granulation

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Blender
Blender is a very precision machine, performing dry
blending of powder or granules in only 10 to 30 minutes. This
machine is utilized for mainly homogenizing, blending and also for
granules in Octagonal Blenders.
Ref: http://www.saraleng.com/octagonal_blenders.html

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Conclusion
Granulation is often required to improve the flow of powder and
mechanical properties of tablets.
Higher flowability gives better filing of the dies .
To improve compressibility of powder.
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