Grammar revision. Unit 1.
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This document provides a grammar revision on various English grammar topics including: 1. The differences between going to, present continuous, will, and decided uses. 2. Uses of the present perfect and present perfect continuous tenses. 3. The three types of conditionals and their uses. 4. An overview of the passive voice and past perfect tense. 5. How to change tenses when converting direct to indirect reported speech, including changes to modal verbs.
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- Third conditional refers to past situations contrary to reality using past perfect in if-clause and past conditional in main clause.
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2. The present progressive is used to describe temporary or ongoing actions, while the simple present is used for habitual or general states.
3. The present progressive can also be used to describe changing situations or express disapproval of habitual behaviors, often using adverbs like "forever" or "always".
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This document discusses the use of continuous verb forms in English to describe actions happening over a period of time or ongoing states. It explains that continuous forms are used to indicate temporary actions, actions involving change or development, or incomplete actions. Some key uses of continuous forms covered include describing what someone is doing at a specific time, actions happening around another event, repeated actions that seem surprising, and making requests more tentative. The document also notes how certain state verbs like "be", verbs of possession, and verbs related to senses and thoughts only occur in simple form, not continuous.
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This document summarizes 12 tenses of English grammar:
1. Present continuous, simple present, simple future, simple past, past continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, future continuous, future perfect.
2. It provides examples and explanations of how to form each tense and when they are used.
3. The document also briefly covers conditional sentences, the passive voice, and which tenses a transitive verb can be changed into.
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A tense is a grammatical category that locates a situation in time, to indicate when the situation takes place. Some typical tenses are present, past, and future.
Tense can make finer distinctions than simple past-present-future; past tenses for example can cover general past, immediate past, or distant past, with the only difference between them being the distance on the timeline between the temporal reference points. Such distinctions are not precise: an event may be described in the remote past because it feels remote to the speaker, not because a set number of days have passed since it happened; it may also be remote because it is being contrasted with another, more recent, past event. This is similar to other forms of deixis such as this and that.
In absolute tense, as in English, tense indicates when the time of assertion, time of completion, or time of evaluation occurs relative to the utterance itself (time of utterance). In relative tense, on the other hand, tense is relative to some given event.
The number of tenses in a language may be disputed, because the term tense is often used to represent any combination of tense proper, aspect, and mood. In many texts the term "tense" may erroneously indicate qualities of uncertainty, frequency, completion, duration, possibility, or whether information derives from experience or hearsay (evidentiality). Tense differs from aspect, which encodes how a situation or action occurs in time rather than when. In many languages, there are grammatical forms which express several of these meanings (see tense–aspect–mood).
In languages which have tenses, they are normally usually indicated by a verb or modal verb. Some languages only have grammatical expression of time through aspect; others have neither tense nor aspect. Some East Asian isolating languages such as Chinese express time with temporal adverbs, but these are not required, and the verbs are not inflected for tense. In Slavic languages such as Russian a verb may be inflected for both tense and aspect together.
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This document summarizes 12 tenses of English grammar:
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2. It provides examples and explanations of how to form each tense and when they are used.
3. The document also briefly covers conditional sentences, the passive voice, and which tenses a transitive verb can be changed into.
Toeic 12 tenses englishgrammer
A tense is a grammatical category that locates a situation in time, to indicate when the situation takes place. Some typical tenses are present, past, and future.
Tense can make finer distinctions than simple past-present-future; past tenses for example can cover general past, immediate past, or distant past, with the only difference between them being the distance on the timeline between the temporal reference points. Such distinctions are not precise: an event may be described in the remote past because it feels remote to the speaker, not because a set number of days have passed since it happened; it may also be remote because it is being contrasted with another, more recent, past event. This is similar to other forms of deixis such as this and that.
In absolute tense, as in English, tense indicates when the time of assertion, time of completion, or time of evaluation occurs relative to the utterance itself (time of utterance). In relative tense, on the other hand, tense is relative to some given event.
The number of tenses in a language may be disputed, because the term tense is often used to represent any combination of tense proper, aspect, and mood. In many texts the term "tense" may erroneously indicate qualities of uncertainty, frequency, completion, duration, possibility, or whether information derives from experience or hearsay (evidentiality). Tense differs from aspect, which encodes how a situation or action occurs in time rather than when. In many languages, there are grammatical forms which express several of these meanings (see tense–aspect–mood).
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Here are the answers to the exercise:
1. She writes a poem on her paper.
2. They didn't come visit me here yesterday.
3. My friends and I will come tommorow.
4. Our lecturer has not taught us about the course.
5. Before taking a shower, I rarely do not brush my teeth.
6. Tupac, the artist who was killed by robbers was a great rapper in 1999.
7. Russia has declared war against Ukrine.
8. In 2021, the scientist invented some vaccines for COVID-19.
9. The cloud is so dark, it will rain soon.
10. Amazon River is the longest river
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This document provides an overview of the 12 verb tenses in English. It defines each tense and provides examples of how they are used to express time and duration of events. The tenses covered include simple present, present progressive, simple past, past progressive, present perfect, present perfect progressive, past perfect, past perfect progressive, future, future progressive, future perfect, and future perfect progressive.
U3C1-Tenses.pptx
The document discusses the different tenses in English grammar, including present, past, and future tenses. It explains how verbs are used to indicate the time of actions as present, past, or future. There are 12 tenses in the active voice and 8 in the passive voice. Each tense is used to express different aspects of time such as actions that are ongoing, completed, planned to occur, etc. Examples are provided to illustrate the proper usage of each tense in sentences.
Tenses
The document discusses the different tenses in English including the simple present, present continuous, present perfect, and present perfect continuous tenses. It provides examples of how and when to use each tense along with explanations of their grammatical rules. It also includes links to additional online exercises and resources for practicing these tenses.
Tenses
The document discusses the different tenses in English including the simple present, present continuous, present perfect, and present perfect continuous tenses. It provides examples of how and when to use each tense along with explanations of their grammatical rules. It also includes links to additional online exercises and resources for practicing these tenses.
7. tenses of verbs
The document discusses various tenses in English including the simple present, present progressive, simple past, future, present perfect, past perfect, future perfect, and present perfect progressive tenses. It provides examples of how each tense is used and formed, including the base verb forms and helping verbs involved. Key uses covered include habitual or repeated actions, future events, unfinished past actions, and continuous actions over time.
Present perfect tense
This document provides information about the present perfect tense in English. It discusses the form of the present perfect, which is have/has + past participle. It provides examples of affirmative and interrogative sentences. It then discusses three main uses of the present perfect tense: (1) to describe recent events without a definite time, (2) to express personal experiences where no definite time is given, and (3) to express actions that started in the past and continue to the present time. It contrasts the simple past and present perfect tenses and provides examples of when to use each.
Present perfect tense
This document provides information about the present perfect tense in English. It discusses the form of the present perfect, which is have/has + past participle. It then gives examples of the affirmative and interrogative forms. The document also discusses three main uses of the present perfect tense: (1) to describe recent events without a definite time, (2) to express personal experiences where no definite time is given, and (3) to express actions that started in the past and continue to the present time. It compares the simple past and present perfect tenses and explains when to use each.
Future forms
This document provides guidance on using different future tenses in English, including will, be going to, present continuous, and future perfect. It explains that will is used to make predictions, talk about promises and intentions, plans that have already been decided on, and inevitable future events outside our control. Be going to is used to discuss intentions, plans, arrangements, and predictions based on evidence. Present continuous can indicate movement verbs like go and come. Future perfect places the focus on the completion of an action before a stated future time. The document offers examples for how and when to use each future tense construction in English.
Tenses
The document discusses the different English verb tenses including:
- Simple present tense, used for habits and opinions
- Present continuous tense, used for ongoing or temporary actions
- Present perfect tense, used for actions that began in the past and continue to the present
- Present perfect continuous tense, used for ongoing actions that began in the past
Examples and rules are provided for forming and using each tense. Links to online exercises for practicing each tense are also included.
Hand book of english
The document summarizes the key tenses and aspects in English, including:
1) Simple present, present continuous, simple past, past continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, future, future continuous, and future perfect tenses.
2) How to change direct speech into indirect speech by changing pronouns, adverbs of time, and verbs.
3) How to report statements, questions, and commands in indirect speech using verbs like said, asked, told, wondered etc.
Hand book of english
The document summarizes the key tenses and aspects in English, including:
1) Simple present, present continuous, simple past, past continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, future, future continuous, and future perfect tenses.
2) How to change direct speech into indirect speech by changing pronouns, adverbs of time, and verbs.
3) How to report statements, questions, and commands in indirect speech using verbs like said, asked, told, wondered etc.
Continuous Time.pptx
Presentación sobre el presente continuo (present continuous) y el pasado continuo (past continuous) en inglés, con sus respectivas definiciones, características y ejemplos, además de como estructurarlas, entre otros...
The continuous tense
This document discusses the present continuous, past continuous, and future continuous tenses in English. It provides information on how each tense is formed and the main uses of each tense, including expressing ongoing actions, interrupted actions, actions happening simultaneously, future plans or arrangements, tendencies, and irritation. Examples are given to illustrate the different uses. The key differences between the present continuous, past continuous, and future continuous tenses are explained.
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To: Marion
Subject: XXX
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B1.Exam structure
This document provides an overview of the structure and requirements of the ISE I exam. It is divided into 3 parts:
Part 1 consists of 3 portfolio tasks requiring writing of different types, including correspondence, factual writing, and creative/descriptive writing.
Part 2 involves 2 controlled writing tasks based on a reading prompt and chosen topic, requiring approximately 150 words each.
Part 3 is an interview including introductions, a 4 minute student-led discussion of a prepared topic, and further discussion of the portfolio and chosen topic.
The document also outlines the language functions, grammar, and vocabulary required at this level, including use of tenses like the present perfect and future, expressions of time and preference,
ISE II (B2): Present Perfect Continuous
This document provides information about the present perfect continuous tense in English, including its affirmative, interrogative, and negative forms. It lists the subject + has/have been + past participle construction and examples for each person. Additionally, it explains that the present perfect continuous is used to talk about temporary situations/actions or to emphasize the continuation of an activity rather than its completion.
ISE II (B2): Reported Speech
The document discusses the changes needed when reporting speech that was originally in direct speech. It notes that if the reporting verb is in the present tense, no changes are needed, but if it is in the past tense, verb tenses, pronouns, time expressions and modal verbs may need to be changed. It provides examples of these changes for statements, commands, and yes-no and wh- questions. The goal is to accurately convey what was said or asked while indicating it is now being reported rather than kept in direct speech.
ISE II (B2): Speculating
This document discusses language tools for speculating, including adverbs like apparently and supposedly, modal verbs like could and may, and expressions like people say and I've heard that. It provides examples of how to use these tools in sentences to convey that a statement is not definitely true but is speculation or opinion. The tools can be used to speculate about present or past events or abilities.
ISE I (B1). Conditional sentences
This document discusses zero and first conditional sentences. It notes that conditional sentences have two clauses: a condition clause starting with "if" or "unless", and a main clause indicating the effect. It then provides examples of zero and first conditionals. Zero conditionals use the present tense to state general truths. First conditionals use the present tense in the condition and future tense in the main clause to express a possible condition, sometimes using the imperative.
ISE I (B1). Modal verbsSummary of modal verbs
Modal verbs are used to express modality or the attitude of the speaker towards what is being said. There are several characteristics of modal verbs including that they can form contractions, do not have an infinitive form, do not require third person singular -s, are followed by an infinitive verb without "to", and cannot be conjugated. Common modal verbs that express obligation include must, have to, and need to. Modal verbs are also used to express lack of obligation with don't/doesn't have to, negative obligation with must not/musn't, and uncertainty with might/might not. Questions about obligation use do/does + subject + have to in their formation.
PROCEDURE FOR THE INTERVIEW. ISE I
The document provides guidance for candidates on the two phases of the Trinity ISE I interview:
1) The topic phase, where the candidate discusses a self-selected topic in sustained turns, asking the examiner questions.
2) The conversation phase, where the candidate discusses their portfolio and a selected subject area with the examiner, asking questions of the examiner. Candidates must demonstrate communicative skills and language functions for their level in both phases through discussion rather than recitation.
PROCEDURE FOR THE INTERVIEW. ISE II
The document outlines the three phases of the ISE II interview: 1) The Topic phase where the candidate introduces and leads a discussion on a self-selected topic for up to 4 minutes. 2) The Interactive phase focuses on functional language, with the candidate maintaining the interaction. 3) The Conversation phase involves discussing the candidate's portfolio and one subject area selected by the examiner.
3rd portfolio task. ISE I
This document outlines the rules and tasks for a third portfolio assignment involving creative and descriptive writing. The rules state that the portfolio must only contain the candidate's original work and cannot be edited by others. Teachers are allowed to provide one piece of feedback per task. The tasks involve writing descriptions of a relative's wedding, meeting a favorite celebrity, popular fashions in the candidate's area, winning a competition, and making a new friend.
3rd portfolio task. ISE II
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I wish/ If only/ I hope
This document discusses the differences between expressing desires and regrets using "I wish", "if only", and "I hope". It explains that "I wish" is used with a subject and object pronoun to talk about present, past, or future desires and regrets. "If only" is used more emphatically with a subject and past tense, past perfect, or future construction. "I hope" expresses a desire or longing without lamentation, associated with one's emotional state rather than immediate expectations.
Like vs as
We can use "like" and "as" to express similarity, but they are used differently: "like" is a preposition used before a noun or pronoun, while "as" is a conjunction used before sentences or prepositional phrases. We also use "as" but not "like" to express functions, jobs, or instruments - for example, we would say "he worked as a policeman" or "don't use my cup as an ashtray".
Portfolio tasks. Section 2: Factual Writing. ISE I (B1)
This document outlines the rules and tasks for a portfolio section on factual writing. It provides 5 writing tasks that students must complete, each requiring 110-130 words on a different topic such as describing tourist attractions, proposing ideas for a film festival, reviewing a new cinema, previewing an upcoming concert, and making recommendations to improve the food sold in a school canteen. It also lists 6 rules for the portfolio, such as requiring the work to be the student's own and not allowing outside editing or feedback beyond a single comment per task.
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Grammar revision. Unit 1.
- 1. GRAMMAR REVISION: UNIT 1 ISE III
- 2. GOING TO: Ex: This cheese looks terrible. I’m not going to eat it. I’m going to eat it I have already decided to do it, I intend to do it. Going to ≠ present continuous Present cont.: we have arranged to do sth. Going to: I have decided to do sth but perhaps not arrange to do it
- 3. GOING TO: Ex: Look at those black clouds! It’s going to rain It’s going to rain something is going to happen because the situation now makes it clear. Going to ≠ will: Will: we decide to do sth at the time of speaking. The speaker has not decided it before. Going to: we have already decided to do it.
- 4. PRESENT PERFECT: Ex: I have worked here since 1997. Have worked an action or situation that started in the past and connects to the present. Ex: This is the best coffee I have ever tasted. Have ever tasted meaning “at any point up to now”
- 5. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: Ex: I have been talking to Amanda about the problem and she agrees with me. Have been talking an activity that has recently stopped or just stopped. Ex: She has been playing tennis since she was 8. Have been playing actions repeated over a period of time
- 6. CONDITIONALS: 1. Zero conditionals: If+present tense/+present tense. We use them to express a fixed connection that exists between two events now or always. 2. First conditional: If+present tense/+will. We use it to express a lkely connection one event and another possible event.
- 7. CONDITIONALS: Ex: If I got the job, I would move to London. 2nd conditional to express a distant and unlikely connection between two different imaginary events. Ex: If he had called me, I would have helped him 3nd conditional to express an imaginary connection between two events that never happened.
- 9. PAST PERFECT: Ex: Susan didn’t have the money because she had spent it. Had spent we are describing an action further in the past.
- 10. REPORTED SPEECH: TENSES DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS PAST SIMPLE PAST PERFECT PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT FUTURE SIMPLE CONDITIONAL PRESENT PERFECT CONT. PAST PERFECT CONT. PAST PERFECT CONT. PAST PERFECT CON.
- 11. REPORTED SPEECH: MODAL VERBS DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH CAN COULD MAY MIGHT MUST MUST HAVE TO HAD TO WILL WOULD