The document discusses different types of conditionals in English: - Zero conditional expresses general truths or advice using present simple verbs. - First conditional refers to present and future using present simple in if-clause and future simple in main clause. - Second conditional expresses unreal situations using past simple in if-clause and present conditional in main clause. - Third conditional refers to past situations contrary to reality using past perfect in if-clause and past conditional in main clause. It also covers replacing "if" with "unless", "as long as", or "provided that" and using time clauses like "when", "before", etc.

1. CONDITIONALS

2. ZERO CONDITIONAL
If you don’t water flowers, they die.
If you have a headache, stop watching TV.
With zero conditional
we express a general truth or we give advice.
If clause:
PRESENT SIMPLE
Main clause:
PRESENT SIMPLE
or IMPERATIVE

3. FIRST CONDITIONAL
If the weather is nice, we will go for a walk.
If you don’t apologize, she will never trust you again.
The first conditional refers to the present and future.
It expresses a possible condition and
its probable result in the future.
If clause:
PRESENT SIMPLE
Main clause:
FUTURE SIMPLE

4. If I had a lot of money, I would buy a big house.
If I knew his number, I would phone him.
if-clause:
PAST TENSE SIMPLE
main clause:
PRESENT CONDITIONAL
would + infinitive
SECOND CONDITIONAL
The second conditional refers to the present and future.
It expresses an unreal situation and its probable result.
The situation or condition is improbable, impossible,
imaginary, or contrary to known facts.

5. THIRD CONDITIONAL
If I had had a lot of money, I would have bought a big house.
If I had known his number, I would have phoned him.
if-clause:
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
main clause:
PAST CONDITIONAL
would + have + past participle
The third conditional refers to the past and
it is not based on facts. It expresses the a situation
which is contrary to reality in the past.

6. ALL CONDITIONALS
- 2nd conditional subjunctive: use of WERE instead of WAS in 1st & 3rd persons.

7. UNLESS / AS LONG AS / PROVIDED THAT
Conditional clauses usually start with if, but in some situations,
we can replace it with the following elements:
UNLESS =if not / except if.
We’ll be late if we don’t leave now.
We’ll be late except if we leave now.
We’ll be late unless we leave now.
With UNLESS we refer to real conditional situations and NOT impossible
situations (3rd
conditional)

8. AS LONG AS / PROVIDED THAT * =but only if
They’ll succeed but only if they try hard.
They’ll succeed as long as they try hard.
They’ll succeed provided that they try hard.
* PROVIDED THAT is formal and usually seen in written
language. PROVIDING THAT is more common in speaking.

9. TIME CLAUSES
There are time expressions such as WHEN, BEFORE, AFTER, WHILE ,
UNTIL and AS SOON AS to refer to the future time.The structure is
similar to a 0 and 1st conditional:

10. TIME CLAUSES
There are time expressions such as WHEN, BEFORE, AFTER, WHILE ,
UNTIL and AS SOON AS to refer to the future time.The structure is
similar to a 0 and 1st conditional: