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Grading in Education

The document discusses different aspects of grading systems in education. It defines grading as a process of evaluating student performance on exams using scales with letters or numbers. There are different types of grading systems such as percentage grading from 0-100, letter grading from A-F, norm-referenced grading comparing students, and mastery grading based on attaining a specified level. Direct grading involves directly awarding letter grades without scores while indirect grading uses marks that are then converted to grades. Relative grading compares student performance within a group/class using statistical methods to determine grade ranges, while absolute grading is based on pre-specified standards for performance levels.

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Suresh Babu G Grading in Education Suresh Babu G Assistant Professsor CTE CPAS Paippad, Kottayam
Suresh Babu G Grading • The grading system is the process by which educators evaluate the performance of the pupils in exams on the standard particular scales which is based on the points entirely and consist of the grades like A-F or range like 1-10; generally, letters and numbers are used to describe the grades of the scholars • A grading system in education is a system that is used to assess the educational performance of a child which is entirely based upon points alone. A+ A B+ B
Suresh Babu G Features of Grading  When students level of performance are classified into a few classificatory units using letter grade , the system of assessment is called grading system.  In grading classification is made on 5 point, 7 point , 9 point scale.  It is a score  It identifies students performance level with a wide range  It involves the use of set of specialized symbols whose meaning ought to be objectively defined in terms of specific criteria.
Suresh Babu G 9 point scale Grading System Score % Letter Grade Interpretation 90 – 100 A+ Outstanding 80 – 89 A Excellent 70 - 79 B+ Very Good 60 – 69 B Good 50 – 59 C+ Above Average 40 – 49 C Average 30 – 39 D+ Marginal 20 – 29 D Need Improvement Below 20 E Need Improvement
Suresh Babu G General Classification of Grading • Percentage Grading – From 0 to 100 Percent • Letter grading and variations – From A Grade to F Grade • Norm-referenced grading – Comparing students to each other usually letter grades • Mastery grading – Grading students as “masters” or “passers” when their attainment reaches a prespecified level • Pass/Fail – Using the Common Scale as Pass/Fail • Standards grading (or Absolute-Standards grading or Criterion Referred grading) – Comparing student performance to a pre-established standard (level) of performance • Narrative grading -Writing Comments about students
Suresh Babu G Types of Grading Grading Non-Direct Grading Absolute Grading Relative Grading Direct Grading
Suresh Babu G Direct Grading Judgment of any given phenomenon (achievement) skills, personality traits the evaluator in items of most appropriate letter grade without assigning the scores. In examination, the evaluator will award a particular grade to the answer for each individual questions on the basis of its quality. The Grade Point Average (GPA) calculated for obtaining the overall grade of the student in a particular subject Letter Grade A B C D E F G H I Numerical Value of Grade 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 GPA = Total Numerical value of obtained Grade ÷ Total Numerical Value
Suresh Babu G Disadvantage of Direct Grading • Massive and time consuming. • Mistakes can’t be ruled out. • Suitable only for small group. • Not feasible for large-scale examination
Suresh Babu G Indirect Grading/Non Direct Grading • Method of awarding grades through marks. • Marks are awarded to the individual questions on the basis of the prescribed marking scheme. • Find out the total mark and convert to grade. Non-Direct Grading Absolute Grading Relative Grading
Suresh Babu G Absolute Grading Based on a definite set of standard when evaluating a student’s performance. Based on teachers pre-specifying standard for performance. Based on criterion referenced, and keep tasks mind without any variability. Some fixed range of scores are determined in advance for each grade. The score obtained by a student in a subject converted. Example A = 90-100 B = 80-89 C = 70-79 D = 60-69 F = 0-59
Suresh Babu G Relative Grading • It ids based on how a student’s performance compared to others in the group/class. • It is norm referenced and focus on the variability in the quality of students. • The grading range is not fixed in advance. • It shows a normal probability curve. Procedure : 1. A group of students are divided into different groups 2. Find out the number of students in each grade using statistical methods. 3. Using this number of students in each grade find out the range in each grade 4. Corresponding grades are given to each students who fall in different ranges Example A = Top 10% of students B = Next 25% of students C = Middle 30% of students D = Next 25% of students F = Bottom 10% of students
Suresh Babu G Grading Advantages 1. Takes the pressure off from the students at certain levels 2. Grading Pattern description 3. Gives the students an obvious idea about their weaknesses and strengths 4. Make class work easier 5. Leads to a better rendezvous of ideas Disadvantages 1. It doesn’t instil a sense of competition 2. Not an accurate representation of the performance and the knowledge gained. 3. It is not an exact scoring system 4. Lack of incentives
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