Content and pedagogical analysis

Content and pedagogical analysis

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  Submitted To :Mrs. Ravdeep kaur Submitted By : Pooja Yadav B.Ed (previous) 16236
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  Content Analysis  Itis a research tool or technique that help to analyze the actual content and it is used to determine the presence of certain words, concepts, theme, phrases, characters, or sentences within texts or sets of texts and to quantify this presence in an objective manner.  By systematically evaluating texts qualitative data can be converted into quantitative data.
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  Why do acontent analysis?  You have to know what you have before you start doing something with it.  To better serve your customers.
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  How conduct acontent analysis?  To conduct a content analysis on a text, the text is coded, or broken down , into manageable categories on a variety of levels i.e. word, phrase, sentence and then examined using one of content analysis basic methods . 1. Conceptual analysis 2. Relational analysis
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  The Process ofa Content Analysis  According to Dr. Klaus Krippendorff, six questions must be addressed in every content analysis: 1. Which data are analyzed? 2. How are they defined? 3. What is the population from which they are drawn? 4. What is the content relative to which the data are analyzed? 5. What are the boundaries of the analysis? 6. What is the target of the inferences?
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  Steps of contentanalysis 1) Copy and read through the transcript - make brief notes in the margin when interesting or relevant information is found 2) Go through the notes made in the margins and list the different types of information found 3) Read through the list and categorize each item in a way that offers a description of what it is about 4) Identify whether or not the categories can be linked any way and list them as major categories (or themes) and / or minor categories (or themes) 5) Compare and contrast the various major and minor categories
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  Cont…. 6) If thereis more than one transcript, repeat the first five stages again for each transcript 7) When you have done the above with all of the transcripts, collect all of the categories or themes and examine each in detail and consider if it fits and its relevance 8) Once all the transcript data is categorized into minor and major categories/themes, review in order to ensure that the information is categorized as it should be. 9) Review all of the categories and ascertain whether some categories can be merged or if some need to them be sub- categorized 10) Return to the original transcripts and ensure that all the information that needs to be categorized has been done successfully.
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  Pedagogical Analysis  INTRODUCTION: The word ‘Pedagogy’ comes from the Greek word “paidagogos” in which ‘paida’ means “child” and ‘agog’ means “lead” literally translated “to lead the child”  Pedagogy is the science and art of education specifically instructional theory. It is a master plan that includes a detailed analysis of what is to be done by a teacher .
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  Pedagogy Science of teaching Theways and means provided to utilize by a teacher for managing his task of teaching as smoothly and effectively as possible by involving his least efforts for drawing the maximum possible better teaching outcomes
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   Analysis isa process of breaking or separating a thing into its smaller parts, elements or constituents.  We can break the contents of the course in a subject into its various constituents – major and minor sections, sub-sections, units and sub-units, major concepts and minor concepts, topics etc. by carrying out a process of content analysis.  “The analysis of a given content material in any subject any topic carried out well in the spirit of science of teaching is known by the term Pedagogical Analysis of the contents.”
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  Pedagogical Analysis Pedagogy Science of Teaching Analysis Breaking down aComplex Systematic And Effective Teaching – Learning Process
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  Pillars of Teaching ContentAnalysis Framing of Instructional Objectives Methods or Techniques Appropriate Evaluation Device
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  1. Content Analysis Contentmeans subject matter of any subject and Analysis means breaking down complex units into smaller sub- units/sub-topics. It is very essential component in pedagogical analysis because in doing so a teacher should have a good knowledge of the maxims of teaching and through knowledge of the content
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  2. Instructional objectives: Ateaching process should be effective based upon its instructional objective  A teacher should consider following points in mind; a. A teacher should have thorough knowledge of the different approaches of behavioral objectives i.e. Bloom’s taxonomy, RCEM approach. b. Teacher’s approach of formulating instructional objectives into behavioral terms should be learner-centered. c . Teacher should have a good knowledge of the content that’s why he can put the subject matter in progressive sequence and should know the domains or levels of teaching-learning.
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  3. Learning methods/techniques/strategies: In this the student came into the contact of teacher and subject matter . Teacher give knowledge about the content or concept by selecting the methods, techniques or methods which are best of teaching that topic.  A teacher performs the following activities;  Use of various teaching skills in his teaching.  Selection and use of best teaching method/technique for teaching of science.  Use of various teaching aids, activities and equipments.
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  4. Evaluation devices: In this we came to know whether the objectives are achieved or not. The outcomes are measured with the help of evaluation devices. So the selection of appropriate evaluation device in the form of oral, written, or practical activities are carried out in relation of the teaching of topic.
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  Steps of pedagogicalanalysis 1. Divide the contents of the selected unit into suitable sub-units and arrange the selected sub-units into a number of required periods. 2. Briefly write the essence of the content of the selected sub-unit. 3. Write appropriate previous knowledge required for the sub-unit. 4. Write appropriate instructional objectives to be selected for the sub-unit.
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  5. Select theappropriate teaching strategies for the sub-unit according to the following instruction; 1) Write the name of the method applied. 2) Mention the teaching aids required. 3) Briefly illustrate the necessary demonstration and experimentation required. 4) Mention the necessary board work required. 5) Write probing questions related to the sub-unit and provide appropriate answers for them. 6) Prepare a work sheet for the sub-unit. 6. Give suitable examples/illustration for the sub-unit. 7. Prepare a table of specification for the sub-unit. Write atleast six criteria reference test –items each with specific criteria of the sub-unit.
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  Need of PedagogicalAnalysis  Pedagogical analysis is selection of appropriate objectives and strategies in various instructional situations to access the level of actual teaching at the end.  A comprehensive vision of required tasks, strategies for realization of specific goals facilitates effective teaching. So pedagogical analysis offers enormous potential for improving the delivery of information in all form of education.  It involves various logical steps to arrive at logical inference.  It also helps the students to understand the concepts, principles and phenomena.
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  Effective Teaching Teaching or instructional objectives Methods and Learning Materials Evaluation Devices Content of theSubject