Government System in Inida
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India is a federal parliamentary republic with New Delhi as its capital. It has 29 states and 7 union territories which are administered directly by the central government. The political system mirrors that of the national government with an elected legislature, executive, and judiciary. Power is concentrated in the office of the prime minister who is the leader of the majority party in the lower house of parliament, the Lok Sabha. The president is the ceremonial head of state elected by an electoral college for 5-year terms.
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Politices of india
India is a federal parliamentary republic with New Delhi as its capital. It has a bicameral parliament consisting of the upper house Rajya Sabha and lower house Lok Sabha. The Prime Minister is the head of the government and is elected from the majority party in the Lok Sabha. The two main political parties are the center-left Indian National Congress and the right-leaning Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party, which currently holds power.
Politics of India
India has a federal parliamentary democratic republic system of government with the Prime Minister as head of government and President as head of state. Power is shared between the central government and state governments. The central government has authority over areas like defense, foreign policy, and taxation while states have powers in areas like agriculture, law, and order. India has a bicameral parliament consisting of the upper house Rajya Sabha and lower house Lok Sabha. The ruling party in the Lok Sabha forms the government and its leader becomes Prime Minister. The two main political parties are the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Indian Politics
India is the world's largest democracy and second most populous nation with over 1 billion people. It has a long history as one of the world's oldest civilizations and was ruled by Britain as a colonial empire for 190 years until independence in 1947. India is a diverse country with over 20 official languages and many religions, most predominantly Hindu and Muslim. It has a parliamentary democracy and federal system of government with the Prime Minister as head of government. India has experienced rapid economic growth in recent decades since economic liberalization in the 1990s.
Working of institutions
1. There are three main institutions that make up India's government - the legislative, executive, and judiciary.
2. The legislative branch is made up of parliament, which includes the lower house Lok Sabha and upper house Rajya Sabha, and is responsible for lawmaking.
3. The executive branch carries out the day-to-day administration of the country and is led by the Prime Minister and council of ministers.
4. The judiciary is independent of the other branches and headed by the Chief Justice of India, with the power to declare laws unconstitutional.
Working of institutions class 9
The document discusses several key political institutions in India. It describes how Parliament is the supreme legislative body, consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha has more power as the directly elected lower house. It also discusses the roles of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers as the political executive, and the permanent executive consisting of civil servants. Finally, it covers the largely ceremonial role of the President as the head of state.
working of institutions by Pathan Aijaj
This document summarizes the key decision makers and institutions in the Indian democratic system. It outlines that the President of India is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government and exercises most governmental powers. It then describes the two houses of Parliament - the Lok Sabha as the lower house, and the Rajya Sabha as the upper house. Finally, it provides an overview of the judiciary, noting that High Courts are the principal civil courts at the state level, while the Supreme Court is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal for the country.
Working of institution
1) In 1990, the Indian government issued an order reserving 27% of civil service jobs for socially and economically backward classes based on the recommendation of the Mandal Commission.
2) This led to widespread protests across the country as some agreed and some disagreed with the order.
3) The Supreme Court eventually heard the disputes regarding the order in the case of Indira Sawhney v. Union of India and approved the quota system in 1992 but with some changes.
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Politices of india
India is a federal parliamentary republic with New Delhi as its capital. It has a bicameral parliament consisting of the upper house Rajya Sabha and lower house Lok Sabha. The Prime Minister is the head of the government and is elected from the majority party in the Lok Sabha. The two main political parties are the center-left Indian National Congress and the right-leaning Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party, which currently holds power.
Politics of India
India has a federal parliamentary democratic republic system of government with the Prime Minister as head of government and President as head of state. Power is shared between the central government and state governments. The central government has authority over areas like defense, foreign policy, and taxation while states have powers in areas like agriculture, law, and order. India has a bicameral parliament consisting of the upper house Rajya Sabha and lower house Lok Sabha. The ruling party in the Lok Sabha forms the government and its leader becomes Prime Minister. The two main political parties are the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Indian Politics
India is the world's largest democracy and second most populous nation with over 1 billion people. It has a long history as one of the world's oldest civilizations and was ruled by Britain as a colonial empire for 190 years until independence in 1947. India is a diverse country with over 20 official languages and many religions, most predominantly Hindu and Muslim. It has a parliamentary democracy and federal system of government with the Prime Minister as head of government. India has experienced rapid economic growth in recent decades since economic liberalization in the 1990s.
Working of institutions
1. There are three main institutions that make up India's government - the legislative, executive, and judiciary.
2. The legislative branch is made up of parliament, which includes the lower house Lok Sabha and upper house Rajya Sabha, and is responsible for lawmaking.
3. The executive branch carries out the day-to-day administration of the country and is led by the Prime Minister and council of ministers.
4. The judiciary is independent of the other branches and headed by the Chief Justice of India, with the power to declare laws unconstitutional.
Working of institutions class 9
The document discusses several key political institutions in India. It describes how Parliament is the supreme legislative body, consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha has more power as the directly elected lower house. It also discusses the roles of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers as the political executive, and the permanent executive consisting of civil servants. Finally, it covers the largely ceremonial role of the President as the head of state.
working of institutions by Pathan Aijaj
This document summarizes the key decision makers and institutions in the Indian democratic system. It outlines that the President of India is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government and exercises most governmental powers. It then describes the two houses of Parliament - the Lok Sabha as the lower house, and the Rajya Sabha as the upper house. Finally, it provides an overview of the judiciary, noting that High Courts are the principal civil courts at the state level, while the Supreme Court is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal for the country.
Working of institution
1) In 1990, the Indian government issued an order reserving 27% of civil service jobs for socially and economically backward classes based on the recommendation of the Mandal Commission.
2) This led to widespread protests across the country as some agreed and some disagreed with the order.
3) The Supreme Court eventually heard the disputes regarding the order in the case of Indira Sawhney v. Union of India and approved the quota system in 1992 but with some changes.
Political system of india
India has a federal parliamentary democratic republic system of government. It has a multi-party system led by a prime minister as head of government and president as head of state who is elected indirectly. Power is shared between the central government and 28 states and 7 union territories. The political system is based on the constitution which came into effect in 1950. Key aspects include an independent judiciary headed by the Supreme Court, lower high courts, and an Election Commission that oversees polls. Jammu and Kashmir has special autonomous status compared to other states.
Executive
The executive branch of government executes laws and includes the president, ministers, and civil servants. There are two types of executives: single executive which concentrates power in one person like a president; and plural executive which distributes power among elected leaders. The executive branch consists of political and non-political officials who are involved in day-to-day administration, including an executive head who is elected, an executive council that advises the executive, ministers who oversee departments and agencies, and a permanent civil service that implements policies. The political executive formulates public policy, executes laws, appoints officials, prepares budgets, and exercises some judicial powers like appointing judges.
LEGISLATURE AND POLITICAL EXECUTIVE
This document provides an overview of political institutions in democracies. It discusses legislatures, noting that they make, amend, and repeal laws. The Parliament of India is given as an example of a supreme legislative body. Key functions of legislatures are listed as forming policies and laws, expressing public opinion, and exercising control over finances and executives. The document also distinguishes between political and permanent executives, with political executives being elected representatives who are responsible for policy formulation and implementation. In closing, it thanks the reader.
WORKING OF INSTITUTIONS
This document provides an overview of key political institutions in India and how they function. It discusses that institutions take decisions, make rules and regulations to administer the government. Major policy decisions are taken by the prime minister and their cabinet and implemented by civil servants. If disputes arise, the supreme court settles them. The parliament, consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, enacts laws, controls finances, and debates issues. The prime minister and council of ministers form the executive branch and administer policies, while the president supervises overall functions. The judiciary, led by the supreme court, interprets laws and settles disputes.
Working of instituations a chapter in civics revision notes
The document discusses the involvement of various political institutions in India in implementing the recommendation of the Mandal Commission to reserve 27% of government jobs for Other Backward Classes. It describes how the President, Prime Minister, Cabinet, Parliament, and Supreme Court were all involved in the process. The Prime Minister announced the decision in Parliament after the Cabinet approved the reservation order. The Supreme Court later upheld the order.
Working of institutions class 9
Working of institutions. This is a chapter on civics (democratic politics) for class 9. Hope you like this presentation and is useful to you.
Working of institutions
working of institution for class 9th . it contains information regarding the chapter of civics of class 9 WORKING OF INSTITUTION . download it now and animation of all slides is there , hope u like it
Working of Institutions
The document discusses various political institutions in India including the Mandal Commission, office memorandums, reactions to the Mandal Commission report, Parliament and its two houses (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha), the executive branch (political and permanent), the President's powers and role, and the judiciary. It provides details on the composition and roles of these various institutions.
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Scie...
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
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Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
PARLIAMENT
TWO HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT
POLITICAL EXECUTIVE
PRIME MINISTER AND COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
THE PRESIDENT
THE JUDICIARY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Working of institutions
The document discusses the working of institutions in India. It explains that in a democracy, the government has to follow rules and procedures and work through institutions. It identifies the key institutions as the legislature, executive, and judiciary. It provides details on the legislature including Parliament and state assemblies. It describes the executive including the political executive headed by the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, and the permanent executive of civil servants. It also discusses the roles of the President and the judiciary in India's democratic system.
Working of institution pptx
The document discusses the roles and functions of key institutions in India's parliamentary democracy:
1) In 1990, the Indian government issued an order reserving 27% of government jobs for socially and educationally backward classes. This was challenged but upheld by the Supreme Court.
2) Major decisions in India are shaped by parliamentary discussions and require the support of the Lok Sabha. The prime minister and cabinet exercise executive power on behalf of the people.
3) The president is the head of state and appoints the prime minister and other officials, but exercises power only on the advice of the council of ministers. The independent judiciary interprets laws and settles disputes.
Politics in india
Politics in India is much rougher and much more corrupt that in the democracies of Europe and North America.
Working of institutions from 9 l
For the students who don't want to waste time in doing ppt.....
Give likes as we took a lot of time in doing this....
How State Government Works (Grade 7 - Civics)
State governments in India are responsible for governing individual states. They have legislative, executive, and administrative functions. The legislative assembly is the main lawmaking body and consists of elected members from constituencies within each state. An executive council of ministers, led by the chief minister, manages the day-to-day affairs of the state. Media plays a role in communicating information between the government and citizens.
Working of institutions by Roll no 3
The document discusses various topics related to civics in India including office memorandums, the Mandal Commission, reactions to the commission, political institutions, and the roles of Parliament and the executive. It provides details on the Mandal Commission's recommendation for 27% government job reservations for socially and economically backward classes and the implementation of this through an office memorandum in 1990, which led to widespread protests. It also summarizes the roles and distinguishing features of the two houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha), as well as the differences between political and permanent executives in India.
Indiapol
India has a federal parliamentary democratic republic system of government. Power is shared between the central government and 26 states and 6 union territories. The central government has authority over key areas like defense, foreign policy, taxation and economic planning. States have powers over agriculture, education and law and order. The legislature is bicameral, consisting of the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. The leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha becomes Prime Minister. The President is the ceremonial head of state. The judiciary balances parliamentary sovereignty with judicial review of legislation.
Political Parties
The document discusses American political parties, describing the Republican and Democratic parties as the dominant two-party system in the US. It outlines stereotypes associated with each major party, noting Republicans generally support lower taxes and business while Democrats support unions and social spending. The document also briefly mentions third parties and independent voters who are not affiliated with any party.
How do state government work
State governments in India share power with the federal/national government. They have executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The executive branch is headed by a governor who is appointed by the President. It also includes the Council of Ministers led by the Chief Minister. The legislative branch includes the Legislative Assembly as the lower house and optionally an Legislative Council as the upper house. Bills passed by the legislature require the governor's assent to become law. Key powers of the governor include appointing the Chief Minister and dissolving the legislature.
Federal system in india
The document discusses the key aspects of a federal system of government. It defines a federal system as one where power is shared between a central national government and governments of constituent states or provinces, which have considerable self-rule. It outlines some necessary conditions for adopting a federal system, including the need for common defense, preserving local autonomy, and preventing dictatorship. It also describes three essential features of federalism: the precise distribution of powers between the central and state governments, the supremacy of the constitution, and the supremacy of an independent judiciary.
Slides on how the state govt works
The document discusses the roles and functions of state governments in India, explaining that states are responsible for governing their populations and MLAs represent local constituencies, with the party with the most MLAs able to form the ruling government and select the chief minister and ministers. It also describes how citizens can engage with their government through debates in the legislative assembly, press conferences, and petitions to demand action on issues.
India government
India gained independence from Britain in 1947 after being ruled as part of the British Empire for over a century. It took three years for India to complete its new constitution and establish itself as a federal republic with a parliamentary system of government located in New Delhi. India has a bicameral parliament consisting of the upper Council of States and lower House of the People, which together form the Federal Parliament. Executive power lies with the Council of Ministers led by the prime minister, who is the leader of the majority party in the lower house.
India - Demographic, export import, ports, tourism, industry
India has a population of over 1.2 billion people, with over 40% of the population between 25-54 years old. The economy relies heavily on services (57%) and agriculture (17%), with GDP at $1.877 trillion. Major exports include mineral fuels, precious stones, vehicles and machinery. Major imports are mineral fuels, precious stones, machinery and electrical equipment. Key trading partners for exports are UAE, US and China, while imports come mainly from China, UAE, Saudi Arabia and Switzerland. India has significant coal reserves and other natural resources like iron ore. It has a large coastal infrastructure with major ports and over 200 non-major ports that handle the majority of trade. Tourism is a large industry,
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India has a federal parliamentary democratic republic system of government. It has a multi-party system led by a prime minister as head of government and president as head of state who is elected indirectly. Power is shared between the central government and 28 states and 7 union territories. The political system is based on the constitution which came into effect in 1950. Key aspects include an independent judiciary headed by the Supreme Court, lower high courts, and an Election Commission that oversees polls. Jammu and Kashmir has special autonomous status compared to other states.
Executive
The executive branch of government executes laws and includes the president, ministers, and civil servants. There are two types of executives: single executive which concentrates power in one person like a president; and plural executive which distributes power among elected leaders. The executive branch consists of political and non-political officials who are involved in day-to-day administration, including an executive head who is elected, an executive council that advises the executive, ministers who oversee departments and agencies, and a permanent civil service that implements policies. The political executive formulates public policy, executes laws, appoints officials, prepares budgets, and exercises some judicial powers like appointing judges.
LEGISLATURE AND POLITICAL EXECUTIVE
This document provides an overview of political institutions in democracies. It discusses legislatures, noting that they make, amend, and repeal laws. The Parliament of India is given as an example of a supreme legislative body. Key functions of legislatures are listed as forming policies and laws, expressing public opinion, and exercising control over finances and executives. The document also distinguishes between political and permanent executives, with political executives being elected representatives who are responsible for policy formulation and implementation. In closing, it thanks the reader.
WORKING OF INSTITUTIONS
This document provides an overview of key political institutions in India and how they function. It discusses that institutions take decisions, make rules and regulations to administer the government. Major policy decisions are taken by the prime minister and their cabinet and implemented by civil servants. If disputes arise, the supreme court settles them. The parliament, consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, enacts laws, controls finances, and debates issues. The prime minister and council of ministers form the executive branch and administer policies, while the president supervises overall functions. The judiciary, led by the supreme court, interprets laws and settles disputes.
Working of instituations a chapter in civics revision notes
The document discusses the involvement of various political institutions in India in implementing the recommendation of the Mandal Commission to reserve 27% of government jobs for Other Backward Classes. It describes how the President, Prime Minister, Cabinet, Parliament, and Supreme Court were all involved in the process. The Prime Minister announced the decision in Parliament after the Cabinet approved the reservation order. The Supreme Court later upheld the order.
Working of institutions class 9
Working of institutions. This is a chapter on civics (democratic politics) for class 9. Hope you like this presentation and is useful to you.
Working of institutions
working of institution for class 9th . it contains information regarding the chapter of civics of class 9 WORKING OF INSTITUTION . download it now and animation of all slides is there , hope u like it
Working of Institutions
The document discusses various political institutions in India including the Mandal Commission, office memorandums, reactions to the Mandal Commission report, Parliament and its two houses (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha), the executive branch (political and permanent), the President's powers and role, and the judiciary. It provides details on the composition and roles of these various institutions.
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Scie...
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
PARLIAMENT
TWO HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT
POLITICAL EXECUTIVE
PRIME MINISTER AND COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
THE PRESIDENT
THE JUDICIARY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Working of institutions
The document discusses the working of institutions in India. It explains that in a democracy, the government has to follow rules and procedures and work through institutions. It identifies the key institutions as the legislature, executive, and judiciary. It provides details on the legislature including Parliament and state assemblies. It describes the executive including the political executive headed by the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, and the permanent executive of civil servants. It also discusses the roles of the President and the judiciary in India's democratic system.
Working of institution pptx
The document discusses the roles and functions of key institutions in India's parliamentary democracy:
1) In 1990, the Indian government issued an order reserving 27% of government jobs for socially and educationally backward classes. This was challenged but upheld by the Supreme Court.
2) Major decisions in India are shaped by parliamentary discussions and require the support of the Lok Sabha. The prime minister and cabinet exercise executive power on behalf of the people.
3) The president is the head of state and appoints the prime minister and other officials, but exercises power only on the advice of the council of ministers. The independent judiciary interprets laws and settles disputes.
Politics in india
Politics in India is much rougher and much more corrupt that in the democracies of Europe and North America.
Working of institutions from 9 l
For the students who don't want to waste time in doing ppt.....
Give likes as we took a lot of time in doing this....
How State Government Works (Grade 7 - Civics)
State governments in India are responsible for governing individual states. They have legislative, executive, and administrative functions. The legislative assembly is the main lawmaking body and consists of elected members from constituencies within each state. An executive council of ministers, led by the chief minister, manages the day-to-day affairs of the state. Media plays a role in communicating information between the government and citizens.
Working of institutions by Roll no 3
The document discusses various topics related to civics in India including office memorandums, the Mandal Commission, reactions to the commission, political institutions, and the roles of Parliament and the executive. It provides details on the Mandal Commission's recommendation for 27% government job reservations for socially and economically backward classes and the implementation of this through an office memorandum in 1990, which led to widespread protests. It also summarizes the roles and distinguishing features of the two houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha), as well as the differences between political and permanent executives in India.
Indiapol
India has a federal parliamentary democratic republic system of government. Power is shared between the central government and 26 states and 6 union territories. The central government has authority over key areas like defense, foreign policy, taxation and economic planning. States have powers over agriculture, education and law and order. The legislature is bicameral, consisting of the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. The leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha becomes Prime Minister. The President is the ceremonial head of state. The judiciary balances parliamentary sovereignty with judicial review of legislation.
Political Parties
The document discusses American political parties, describing the Republican and Democratic parties as the dominant two-party system in the US. It outlines stereotypes associated with each major party, noting Republicans generally support lower taxes and business while Democrats support unions and social spending. The document also briefly mentions third parties and independent voters who are not affiliated with any party.
How do state government work
State governments in India share power with the federal/national government. They have executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The executive branch is headed by a governor who is appointed by the President. It also includes the Council of Ministers led by the Chief Minister. The legislative branch includes the Legislative Assembly as the lower house and optionally an Legislative Council as the upper house. Bills passed by the legislature require the governor's assent to become law. Key powers of the governor include appointing the Chief Minister and dissolving the legislature.
Federal system in india
The document discusses the key aspects of a federal system of government. It defines a federal system as one where power is shared between a central national government and governments of constituent states or provinces, which have considerable self-rule. It outlines some necessary conditions for adopting a federal system, including the need for common defense, preserving local autonomy, and preventing dictatorship. It also describes three essential features of federalism: the precise distribution of powers between the central and state governments, the supremacy of the constitution, and the supremacy of an independent judiciary.
Slides on how the state govt works
The document discusses the roles and functions of state governments in India, explaining that states are responsible for governing their populations and MLAs represent local constituencies, with the party with the most MLAs able to form the ruling government and select the chief minister and ministers. It also describes how citizens can engage with their government through debates in the legislative assembly, press conferences, and petitions to demand action on issues.
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Working of instituations a chapter in civics revision notes
Working of instituations a chapter in civics revision notes
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Scie...
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Scie...
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India gained independence from Britain in 1947 after being ruled as part of the British Empire for over a century. It took three years for India to complete its new constitution and establish itself as a federal republic with a parliamentary system of government located in New Delhi. India has a bicameral parliament consisting of the upper Council of States and lower House of the People, which together form the Federal Parliament. Executive power lies with the Council of Ministers led by the prime minister, who is the leader of the majority party in the lower house.
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India has a population of over 1.2 billion people, with over 40% of the population between 25-54 years old. The economy relies heavily on services (57%) and agriculture (17%), with GDP at $1.877 trillion. Major exports include mineral fuels, precious stones, vehicles and machinery. Major imports are mineral fuels, precious stones, machinery and electrical equipment. Key trading partners for exports are UAE, US and China, while imports come mainly from China, UAE, Saudi Arabia and Switzerland. India has significant coal reserves and other natural resources like iron ore. It has a large coastal infrastructure with major ports and over 200 non-major ports that handle the majority of trade. Tourism is a large industry,
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The document provides information about the government structure of India. It discusses the parliamentary democracy system and outlines the key powers and roles of the President of India, including qualifications for the role, the election process, and presidential powers. It also summarizes the structure of parliament, including the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha, and provides overviews of India's federal system and state governments.
UNION GOVERNMENT.pptx
The document discusses the Union Government of India. It describes the key components of the Union Legislature (Parliament), which consists of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. It provides details on the qualifications, roles, and powers of the President, Prime Minister, and Council of Ministers (Cabinet). The Prime Minister is the head of the government and selects the Council of Ministers. The President appoints the Prime Minister and Ministers per the Prime Minister's recommendations.
UNION GOVERNMENT.pptx
The document summarizes key aspects of the Union Government of India including the Union Legislature (Parliament), Executive, and Cabinet. It describes that the Parliament consists of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house whose members are directly elected for 5-year terms. The Rajya Sabha has members elected for 6-year terms. The Union Executive is headed by the President and Prime Minister. The Prime Minister leads the Council of Ministers (Cabinet) and allocates portfolios to ministers who head government departments.
PRESIDENT OF INDIA
The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the real executive power is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and exercises executive powers along with other ministers. Key responsibilities of the Prime Minister include forming the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios, advising the President, coordinating policies, and leading the majority party in Parliament.
President
The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the real executive power is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and exercises executive powers along with other ministers. Key responsibilities of the Prime Minister include forming the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios, providing leadership, coordinating policies, and overseeing the functions of various departments and ministries.
State centre relationship
India's constitution was framed by the Constituent Assembly between 1947 and 1950 in the context of partition violence and war with Pakistan. Key goals of the framers were a strong central government, parliamentary democracy, and recognition of India's diversity. The constitution established India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with a quasi-federal structure. It guarantees fundamental rights and establishes a parliamentary system of government with an elected president as head of state and an executive prime minister. Power is shared between the central and state governments in a complex federal framework.
coi2.pptx
The Indian Constitution is the longest in the world, containing 395 articles and 12 schedules. It draws from multiple sources like the Government of India Act of 1935. The constitution establishes a federal system with both unitary and federal features, including a strong central government and all-India administrative services. It implements a parliamentary form of government with an executive branch drawn from the legislature. The constitution also balances parliamentary sovereignty and judicial supremacy through the power of judicial review. It creates an independent and integrated judicial system with the Supreme Court at the top.
The Constitution of India is unique..because it borrows from others.
The Indian Constitution borrowed elements from several other constitutions around the world. It has a federal structure similar to countries like Canada, the United States, and Germany. Key aspects of the Indian Constitution were also influenced by countries such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the Soviet Union. For example, fundamental duties in the Indian Constitution were inspired by the Soviet Union's emphasis on civic duties of its citizens. The five-year plans in India and the USSR also shared similarities in their aims of rapid industrialization.
Indian Political System
This is new ppt which clear your doubts on indian political system. In slide share there is nothing simpler rather than this show whole concept about indian political system.
Indian parliament
1) Parliament consists of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house elected by the people, while the Rajya Sabha is the upper house with members elected by state assemblies.
2) Parliament was established to give Indians a voice in government after colonial rule, allow representation of all people, and reduce the risk of dictatorship.
3) The key roles of Parliament are to select the national government, provide oversight of the government, and make laws through different types of bills.
COI - UNIT 2.pptx
The document discusses the government of India and the roles of the president, prime minister, and parliament. It is comprised of three branches:
1) The executive branch consists of the president, prime minister, and Council of Ministers.
2) The legislative branch has two houses - Lok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
3) The president has various powers including legislative, executive, appointing, and emergency powers. The prime minister aids the president and leads the Council of Ministers.
constutionallaw_ii.pptx
The document summarizes key aspects of the President and Governor's roles according to the Indian Constitution. It discusses that the President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term and acts as the executive head and supreme commander. The Governor is appointed by the President to act as the representative of the central government in each state, exercising executive, legislative and judicial powers analogous to the President but without certain powers like diplomacy or emergencies. The Governor acts on the aid and advice of the state council of ministers who are responsible to the state legislative assembly.
PPT on Executive.pptx
The executive branch of the Indian government is led by the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers. Key elements of the executive include:
- The Prime Minister is the head of the government and exercises executive authority. They are elected by the Lok Sabha and appoint the Council of Ministers.
- The President is the formal head of state but acts on the advice of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers.
- The Council of Ministers aids and advises the President in policymaking and governance. It is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.
- The civil service, led by the IAS, implements policies and ensures day-to-day administration under the political executive.
Unit II Government of the Union
- The legislative branch of the Indian government consists of the two houses of parliament - the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house whose members are directly elected by the people. The Rajya Sabha is the upper house whose members are elected indirectly by state assemblies.
- The Lok Sabha has powers such as approving ordinances issued by the president and changing state boundaries. The Rajya Sabha acts as a revisionary house that balances the Lok Sabha and represents vulnerable sections through proportional representation.
Similar to Government System in Inida (20)
The Constitution of India is unique..because it borrows from others.
The Constitution of India is unique..because it borrows from others.
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在线办理(ISU毕业证书)爱荷华州立大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(ISU毕业证书)爱荷华州立大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
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留信网认证的作用:
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
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1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
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【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Government System in Inida
- 1. Politics of India Political Institutions & Parties
- 2. Republic of India • A federal republic with a parliamentary system of government • capital: New Delhi
- 3. A federal system • 29 states and 7 centrally administered Union Territories – 2 states are partially claimed by Pakistan and China
- 4. What are union territories? • A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. • Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (Central Government), hence the name 'union territory'.
- 5. Union Territories in India 1.Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2.Chandigarh 3.Dadra and Nagar Haveli 4.Daman and Diu 5.Lakshadweep 6.National Capital Territory of Delhi 7.Puducherry
- 6. Federal system • Relatively centralized • federal government controls the most essential government functions – defense – foreign policy – taxation – public expenditures – economic (industrial) planning
- 7. Federal system • state governments formally control – agriculture – education – law and order within states – dependent on central government for funds
- 8. Federal system • considerable center-state conflict when ruling political party in a state is different from national ruling party
- 9. Parallel state structure • Formal political structure of the states parallels that of the national government • national state • President Governor • Prime Minister Chief Minister • Parliament Assembly • Supreme Court High Court
- 10. Organs of government • Legislature • Executive • Judiciary
- 12. The legislature • Parliamentary system of government – the executive authority is responsible to the Parliament
- 13. The legislature • bicameral Parliament – Rajya Sabha (Council of States) – Lok Sabha (House of the People)
- 14. Rajya Sabha (Council of States) • The Upper House
- 15. Upper House • Rajya Sabha (Council of States) • not more than 250 members(currently 245) – 12 are nominated by the President of India – the rest are indirectly elected • by state Legislative Assemblies • The Council of States can not be dissolved – members have terms of 6 years – 1/3 members retire at end of every 2nd year
- 16. Lok Sabha • House of the People
- 17. Lower House • Lok Sabha (House of the People) • 545 members – 2 are appointed by the President of India – the rest are directly elected from single-member districts • 5-year terms unless dissolved • Lok Sabha elects its presiding officer – the Speaker
- 18. Lok Sabha • Elections held at least every 5 years • Prime Minister may call elections earlier.
- 19. Prime Minister • Leader of the majority party leader in Lok Sabha becomes the prime minister • prime minister nominates a cabinet – members of Parliament in the ruling coalition – Council of Ministers • effective power is concentrated in the office of the prime minister – where most of the important policies originate
- 20. Prime Ministers of India • 38 years in the Nehru-Gandhi family • more and more rapid turnover
- 21. The President of India • Head of the State • Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces • elected by an electoral college – national Parliament – state legislature • 5-year terms • can be reelected
- 23. The President of India • Ceremonial office – symbolize national unity – supposedly above partisan politics • mostly acts on the advice of the prime minister • President plays a significant role when the selection of a prime minister is complex – in 1998 President requested BJP to form govt.
- 24. The Judiciary • Fundamental contradiction in constitution – principle of parliamentary sovereignty – principle of judicial review
- 25. The Judiciary • judiciary tries to preserve the constitution’s basic structure • to ensure that legislation conforms with the intent of the constitution • parliament tries to assert its right to amend the constitution