Vaccines have a successful history in eliminating or significantly decreasing the incidence of dangerous diseases. Vaccines prime your immune system to recognize and combat infections. Vaccines work by teaching your body to recognize specific dangerous pathogens, so your immune system is prepared to fight off that infection.
This document provides a summary of key trends related to vaccination. It discusses how vaccine hesitancy has increased around the world in recent decades, potentially undermining public health efforts to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Employers have an important role to play in encouraging vaccination and responsible behavior during pandemics in order to protect public health and enable businesses and the economy to return to normal. However, the spread of misinformation about health issues and vaccines has undermined trust and compliance with public health recommendations. As research on a COVID-19 vaccine continues, effectively countering misinformation will be important for building confidence in any potential vaccine.
This summarizes a research article on the impact of Covid-19 in India. It studied 491 Covid-19 patients in India looking at how gender, age, travel history, nationality, and reason for infection related to their current status. Age was found to have a strong association with current status, with older patients faring worse. The document reviewed several other studies on pandemics, including the 1918 flu, 2009 H1N1 flu, and how prenatal exposure to past pandemics had long-term health impacts. It discussed the challenges countries face in feeding low-income children during lockdowns meant to stop the spread of Covid-19.
Vaccine Contract Manufacturing Market accounted for US$ 2.5 billion in 2022 and is estimated to be US$ 6.50 by 2032 and is anticipated to register a CAGR of 10.2%. Manufacturing vaccine includes workflow of upstream and downstream processes. Upstream process includes, virus production and cell growth. Downstream process includes, purification, clarification and recovery of viruses. Viral infection causes severe illness and millions of deaths all around the world.
SFEE's Position Paper vaccines in EnglishPiecerosB
Vaccination programs are a crucial pillar of public health policy. They provide significant benefits not just for those vaccinated but for entire populations by building herd immunity. Vaccines save millions of lives worldwide each year and are highly cost effective investments that save costs in healthcare systems. Maintaining up-to-date vaccination programs that cover all age groups according to recommendations and establishing clear processes, goals, budgets and public awareness campaigns are important for optimizing vaccination programs and public health outcomes.
Millions of people in the United States have received COVID-19 vaccines under the most intense safety monitoring in US history. VITAS Healthcare offer an educational presentation for our partner organizations to use for their own in-house or staff training.
Research Dive has recently added a new report on Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Market Size Share which provides a succinct analysis of the market size, revenue forecast, and the regional landscape of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Market Size Share
A recent report from Renub Research, titled "Global Vaccine Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity, and Forecast 2023-2028," offers a thorough analysis of the industry and market share knowledge. The report also includes research on regions, competitors, and the recent expansion of the Global Vaccine Market.
This document provides a summary of key trends related to vaccination. It discusses how vaccine hesitancy has increased around the world in recent decades, potentially undermining public health efforts to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Employers have an important role to play in encouraging vaccination and responsible behavior during pandemics in order to protect public health and enable businesses and the economy to return to normal. However, the spread of misinformation about health issues and vaccines has undermined trust and compliance with public health recommendations. As research on a COVID-19 vaccine continues, effectively countering misinformation will be important for building confidence in any potential vaccine.
This summarizes a research article on the impact of Covid-19 in India. It studied 491 Covid-19 patients in India looking at how gender, age, travel history, nationality, and reason for infection related to their current status. Age was found to have a strong association with current status, with older patients faring worse. The document reviewed several other studies on pandemics, including the 1918 flu, 2009 H1N1 flu, and how prenatal exposure to past pandemics had long-term health impacts. It discussed the challenges countries face in feeding low-income children during lockdowns meant to stop the spread of Covid-19.
Vaccine Contract Manufacturing Market accounted for US$ 2.5 billion in 2022 and is estimated to be US$ 6.50 by 2032 and is anticipated to register a CAGR of 10.2%. Manufacturing vaccine includes workflow of upstream and downstream processes. Upstream process includes, virus production and cell growth. Downstream process includes, purification, clarification and recovery of viruses. Viral infection causes severe illness and millions of deaths all around the world.
SFEE's Position Paper vaccines in EnglishPiecerosB
Vaccination programs are a crucial pillar of public health policy. They provide significant benefits not just for those vaccinated but for entire populations by building herd immunity. Vaccines save millions of lives worldwide each year and are highly cost effective investments that save costs in healthcare systems. Maintaining up-to-date vaccination programs that cover all age groups according to recommendations and establishing clear processes, goals, budgets and public awareness campaigns are important for optimizing vaccination programs and public health outcomes.
Millions of people in the United States have received COVID-19 vaccines under the most intense safety monitoring in US history. VITAS Healthcare offer an educational presentation for our partner organizations to use for their own in-house or staff training.
Research Dive has recently added a new report on Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Market Size Share which provides a succinct analysis of the market size, revenue forecast, and the regional landscape of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Market Size Share
A recent report from Renub Research, titled "Global Vaccine Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity, and Forecast 2023-2028," offers a thorough analysis of the industry and market share knowledge. The report also includes research on regions, competitors, and the recent expansion of the Global Vaccine Market.
This document provides an updated action plan for global COVID-19 vaccination from The Rockefeller Foundation. It summarizes the current unequal distribution of vaccines, with only a small percentage of people in Africa, Asia, and South America receiving doses compared to half in North America and a quarter in Europe. The plan calls for wealthy countries to share more of their surplus vaccine doses sooner to help address this inequity. It also recommends accelerating support for vaccine delivery systems in developing countries, closing the $18.5 billion funding gap for the ACT-A initiative including the $9.3 billion needed for COVAX, and establishing vaccine production capacity in Africa, Asia, and South America to ensure equitable access to vaccines and prepare for future pandem
How to compatibilize the health problems of the population with the economy p...Fernando Alcoforado
This document discusses how to balance health and economic issues arising from the coronavirus pandemic. It argues that total social distancing is necessary until a cure or vaccine is developed to avoid overwhelming health systems. However, social distancing harms the economy by reducing consumption and causing job losses and business closures. The author proposes governments provide support to the unemployed, poor and small businesses during social distancing to minimize economic damage until a vaccine is available, which may not be for 12-18 months. The crisis also highlights the need for countries to increase self-sufficiency in essential goods to reduce dependence on imports.
This document discusses the COVID-19 pandemic and potential treatments for the disease. It notes that COVID-19 has led to a national emergency in the US with significant health and economic impacts. Currently, there is no cure for COVID-19 and the disease spectrum varies from asymptomatic to severe cases requiring ICU care. The document explores the pathogenesis of the virus and notes that a "cytokine storm" may be a key driver of organ damage. It reviews several potential treatments under investigation including vaccines, antiviral medications, and stem cell therapies. It highlights reports from China and Italy using expanded umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) to treat COVID-19 and argues they may be considered for compassionate
The document discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the life science and healthcare industry in the US. It notes that the pandemic has significantly strained healthcare capacity and caused spending on the sector to increase. The pharmaceutical and medical equipment segments have seen high demand for COVID-19 tests, supplies, and research into vaccines and treatments. Government relief packages have allocated billions towards healthcare services, facilities, and supporting the development of response efforts. Overall, the pandemic is driving major changes across the industry and highlighting vulnerabilities in the US healthcare system.
The document discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the globalization and interconnectedness of the US healthcare system. It notes that early in the pandemic, the US faced shortages of personal protective equipment and medical supplies due to disruptions in the global supply chain. Further, it outlines how the US relies on other countries, especially China, for manufacturing of drugs, devices, and components essential to modern healthcare. The pandemic also demonstrated how telemedicine has allowed other nations like India to provide remote services to US providers, and how medical tourism allows US citizens to access lower-cost procedures abroad.
Review of Recent COVID-19 Science ~ Denis G. Rancourt, PhDPandataAnalytics
Measures do not prevent deaths, transmission is not by contact, masks provide no benefit, vaccines are inherently dangerous: Review update of recent science relevant to COVID-19 policy.
COVID-Period Mass Vaccination Campaign and Public Health Disaster in the USAGuy Boulianne
This document analyzes all-cause mortality data in the United States from 1999-2022 to assess the impact of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. It finds:
1) Excess all-cause mortality during the COVID period (March 2020-February 2022) was not reduced by vaccination and remained high irrespective of vaccinations. No deaths were averted due to vaccination.
2) Excess mortality risk was relatively uniform across age groups during the COVID period, inconsistent with COVID-19 risk which increases strongly with age. This implies COVID-19 was not a dominant cause of excess deaths.
3) Excess mortality correlated strongly with poverty levels by state but not elderly population fractions, further suggesting COVID-19
The Latest on COVID19 & The Promise of the COVID19 Vaccine: A Pediatrician's...Katherine Noble
1) Where we were (March 2020)
2) Where we are (March 2021)
3) Where we are heading
- The promise of the COVID19 vaccine
- COVID19 vaccines for children
- Approaching vaccine hesitancy
1) The document summarizes information on fake news related to vaccinations, including common claims spread, producers of misinformation, and efforts to counter false claims.
2) It identifies major sources of funding for anti-vaccination groups and popular websites and social media platforms used to spread misinformation.
3) Recent initiatives to curb the spread of fake vaccination news on social media are discussed, as well as challenges in promoting scientific and health literacy on the issue.
The document discusses the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) that has become a worldwide threat. It provides an overview of the virus for emergency clinicians, including its epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. Key points are that the case fatality rate is approximately 4% but sampling error may be large, 29% of confirmed cases in China are healthcare workers suggesting alarming nosocomial spread, and gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea are common and associated with worse outcomes. Lessons can be learned from early outbreak centers in preparing local healthcare systems for high patient volumes requiring respiratory support.
The document discusses barriers to universal COVID-19 vaccination in the US and provides recommendations to overcome them using behavioral science. Some key barriers include ambiguity around vaccine details, people wanting to wait and see how vaccines work out before getting vaccinated themselves, and some people not thinking they need a vaccine. Recommendations focus on improving information availability, building trust in health authorities, highlighting vaccine success rates over rare risks, and acknowledging people's perspectives while encouraging vaccination. The goal is to use behavioral insights to drive near universal vaccination in the US.
n early 2020, when the novel coronavirus began to spread around the world, it became increasingly clear that the most effective way to combat the raging pandemic would be for the majority of the population to develop immunity — whether through natural infection or vaccination.
The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted detection, treatment, and control of HIV and TB globally. Resources and focus have shifted towards Covid-19 testing and treatment, leading to an estimated 300,000 missed TB cases in Nigeria alone. Lockdowns and fear of infection have reduced hospital visits for HIV and TB patients. Disruptions to the supply chains of generic drug manufacturers in China threaten medication access in low and middle income countries, which could lead to 500,000 additional HIV deaths. Recommendations include multi-month drug dispensing, telemedicine, and building buffer stocks of key materials.
The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted detection, treatment, and control of HIV and TB globally. Resources and focus have shifted towards Covid-19 testing and treatment, leading to an estimated 300,000 missed TB cases in Nigeria alone. Lockdowns and fear of infection have also reduced rates of HIV and TB testing and treatment. Supply chain disruptions from China, where many generic drug manufacturers obtain raw materials, risk shortages of antiretroviral drugs. This could lead to increased HIV-related deaths, as treatment interruptions reactivate the virus and increase susceptibility to opportunistic infections like TB. Increased use of telemedicine, multi-month drug dispensing, and supply chain diversification are recommended to mitigate these
The document discusses updates on Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) including epidemiology, the case definition, and COVID-19 vaccination. It summarizes national surveillance data showing over 9,000 MIS-C cases reported in the US from 2020 to 2022, with the majority in males and non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic children. Trends over time show declining MIS-C incidence, especially with Omicron variants, and a shift to younger age groups affected. The presentation also discusses the new Council of State & Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE)/CDC surveillance case definition for MIS-C which aims to standardize surveillance in response to limitations identified in the original CDC definition.
BiondVax is developing a long-lasting and broadly protective influenza vaccine, designed to protect against seasonal and pandemic influenza.
Recent Highlights Include:
€20 million non-dilutive funding – June 19
The European Investment Bank (EIB) signed an agreement to support commercial scale production and Phase 3
BiondVax successfully meets Phase 2b clinical trial endpoints – July 20
M-001 showed statistically significant elevated T-cell immune responses, good safety profile and well-tolerated
Israeli government support mid-size commercial facility – March 30
Ministry of Economy granted 20% of a NIS 20m budget towards construction
$10 million secondary offering – September 18
Following the placement, BiondVax has 3 large strategic investors, each holding 5% to 20%
The document discusses vaccination and COVID-19 vaccines. It defines vaccination as enhancing the immune system to create resistance against illnesses. COVID-19 vaccines were rigorously tested for safety and efficacy. Common side effects of COVID-19 vaccines include pain at the injection site, fever, and fatigue, which are normal immune responses. The benefits of COVID-19 vaccination include reducing the likelihood of infection and protecting others.
This document summarizes a CDC webinar on mental health resources for state and local public health partners during COVID-19. The webinar included presentations on CDC's work on mental health data collection and a national mental health campaign. Data shows high levels of depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions among public health workers due to pandemic strain. The webinar provided examples of state-level mental health resources and recommendations for supporting public health worker mental health through addressing work stress, stigma reduction, and promoting self-care. Federal resources from CDC and SAMHSA were also highlighted. The webinar aimed to equip state and local partners with mental health tools and best practices for their staff and communities.
This document provides an updated action plan for global COVID-19 vaccination from The Rockefeller Foundation. It summarizes the current unequal distribution of vaccines, with only a small percentage of people in Africa, Asia, and South America receiving doses compared to half in North America and a quarter in Europe. The plan calls for wealthy countries to share more of their surplus vaccine doses sooner to help address this inequity. It also recommends accelerating support for vaccine delivery systems in developing countries, closing the $18.5 billion funding gap for the ACT-A initiative including the $9.3 billion needed for COVAX, and establishing vaccine production capacity in Africa, Asia, and South America to ensure equitable access to vaccines and prepare for future pandem
How to compatibilize the health problems of the population with the economy p...Fernando Alcoforado
This document discusses how to balance health and economic issues arising from the coronavirus pandemic. It argues that total social distancing is necessary until a cure or vaccine is developed to avoid overwhelming health systems. However, social distancing harms the economy by reducing consumption and causing job losses and business closures. The author proposes governments provide support to the unemployed, poor and small businesses during social distancing to minimize economic damage until a vaccine is available, which may not be for 12-18 months. The crisis also highlights the need for countries to increase self-sufficiency in essential goods to reduce dependence on imports.
This document discusses the COVID-19 pandemic and potential treatments for the disease. It notes that COVID-19 has led to a national emergency in the US with significant health and economic impacts. Currently, there is no cure for COVID-19 and the disease spectrum varies from asymptomatic to severe cases requiring ICU care. The document explores the pathogenesis of the virus and notes that a "cytokine storm" may be a key driver of organ damage. It reviews several potential treatments under investigation including vaccines, antiviral medications, and stem cell therapies. It highlights reports from China and Italy using expanded umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) to treat COVID-19 and argues they may be considered for compassionate
The document discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the life science and healthcare industry in the US. It notes that the pandemic has significantly strained healthcare capacity and caused spending on the sector to increase. The pharmaceutical and medical equipment segments have seen high demand for COVID-19 tests, supplies, and research into vaccines and treatments. Government relief packages have allocated billions towards healthcare services, facilities, and supporting the development of response efforts. Overall, the pandemic is driving major changes across the industry and highlighting vulnerabilities in the US healthcare system.
The document discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the globalization and interconnectedness of the US healthcare system. It notes that early in the pandemic, the US faced shortages of personal protective equipment and medical supplies due to disruptions in the global supply chain. Further, it outlines how the US relies on other countries, especially China, for manufacturing of drugs, devices, and components essential to modern healthcare. The pandemic also demonstrated how telemedicine has allowed other nations like India to provide remote services to US providers, and how medical tourism allows US citizens to access lower-cost procedures abroad.
Review of Recent COVID-19 Science ~ Denis G. Rancourt, PhDPandataAnalytics
Measures do not prevent deaths, transmission is not by contact, masks provide no benefit, vaccines are inherently dangerous: Review update of recent science relevant to COVID-19 policy.
COVID-Period Mass Vaccination Campaign and Public Health Disaster in the USAGuy Boulianne
This document analyzes all-cause mortality data in the United States from 1999-2022 to assess the impact of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. It finds:
1) Excess all-cause mortality during the COVID period (March 2020-February 2022) was not reduced by vaccination and remained high irrespective of vaccinations. No deaths were averted due to vaccination.
2) Excess mortality risk was relatively uniform across age groups during the COVID period, inconsistent with COVID-19 risk which increases strongly with age. This implies COVID-19 was not a dominant cause of excess deaths.
3) Excess mortality correlated strongly with poverty levels by state but not elderly population fractions, further suggesting COVID-19
The Latest on COVID19 & The Promise of the COVID19 Vaccine: A Pediatrician's...Katherine Noble
1) Where we were (March 2020)
2) Where we are (March 2021)
3) Where we are heading
- The promise of the COVID19 vaccine
- COVID19 vaccines for children
- Approaching vaccine hesitancy
1) The document summarizes information on fake news related to vaccinations, including common claims spread, producers of misinformation, and efforts to counter false claims.
2) It identifies major sources of funding for anti-vaccination groups and popular websites and social media platforms used to spread misinformation.
3) Recent initiatives to curb the spread of fake vaccination news on social media are discussed, as well as challenges in promoting scientific and health literacy on the issue.
The document discusses the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) that has become a worldwide threat. It provides an overview of the virus for emergency clinicians, including its epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. Key points are that the case fatality rate is approximately 4% but sampling error may be large, 29% of confirmed cases in China are healthcare workers suggesting alarming nosocomial spread, and gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea are common and associated with worse outcomes. Lessons can be learned from early outbreak centers in preparing local healthcare systems for high patient volumes requiring respiratory support.
The document discusses barriers to universal COVID-19 vaccination in the US and provides recommendations to overcome them using behavioral science. Some key barriers include ambiguity around vaccine details, people wanting to wait and see how vaccines work out before getting vaccinated themselves, and some people not thinking they need a vaccine. Recommendations focus on improving information availability, building trust in health authorities, highlighting vaccine success rates over rare risks, and acknowledging people's perspectives while encouraging vaccination. The goal is to use behavioral insights to drive near universal vaccination in the US.
n early 2020, when the novel coronavirus began to spread around the world, it became increasingly clear that the most effective way to combat the raging pandemic would be for the majority of the population to develop immunity — whether through natural infection or vaccination.
The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted detection, treatment, and control of HIV and TB globally. Resources and focus have shifted towards Covid-19 testing and treatment, leading to an estimated 300,000 missed TB cases in Nigeria alone. Lockdowns and fear of infection have reduced hospital visits for HIV and TB patients. Disruptions to the supply chains of generic drug manufacturers in China threaten medication access in low and middle income countries, which could lead to 500,000 additional HIV deaths. Recommendations include multi-month drug dispensing, telemedicine, and building buffer stocks of key materials.
The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted detection, treatment, and control of HIV and TB globally. Resources and focus have shifted towards Covid-19 testing and treatment, leading to an estimated 300,000 missed TB cases in Nigeria alone. Lockdowns and fear of infection have also reduced rates of HIV and TB testing and treatment. Supply chain disruptions from China, where many generic drug manufacturers obtain raw materials, risk shortages of antiretroviral drugs. This could lead to increased HIV-related deaths, as treatment interruptions reactivate the virus and increase susceptibility to opportunistic infections like TB. Increased use of telemedicine, multi-month drug dispensing, and supply chain diversification are recommended to mitigate these
The document discusses updates on Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) including epidemiology, the case definition, and COVID-19 vaccination. It summarizes national surveillance data showing over 9,000 MIS-C cases reported in the US from 2020 to 2022, with the majority in males and non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic children. Trends over time show declining MIS-C incidence, especially with Omicron variants, and a shift to younger age groups affected. The presentation also discusses the new Council of State & Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE)/CDC surveillance case definition for MIS-C which aims to standardize surveillance in response to limitations identified in the original CDC definition.
BiondVax is developing a long-lasting and broadly protective influenza vaccine, designed to protect against seasonal and pandemic influenza.
Recent Highlights Include:
€20 million non-dilutive funding – June 19
The European Investment Bank (EIB) signed an agreement to support commercial scale production and Phase 3
BiondVax successfully meets Phase 2b clinical trial endpoints – July 20
M-001 showed statistically significant elevated T-cell immune responses, good safety profile and well-tolerated
Israeli government support mid-size commercial facility – March 30
Ministry of Economy granted 20% of a NIS 20m budget towards construction
$10 million secondary offering – September 18
Following the placement, BiondVax has 3 large strategic investors, each holding 5% to 20%
The document discusses vaccination and COVID-19 vaccines. It defines vaccination as enhancing the immune system to create resistance against illnesses. COVID-19 vaccines were rigorously tested for safety and efficacy. Common side effects of COVID-19 vaccines include pain at the injection site, fever, and fatigue, which are normal immune responses. The benefits of COVID-19 vaccination include reducing the likelihood of infection and protecting others.
This document summarizes a CDC webinar on mental health resources for state and local public health partners during COVID-19. The webinar included presentations on CDC's work on mental health data collection and a national mental health campaign. Data shows high levels of depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions among public health workers due to pandemic strain. The webinar provided examples of state-level mental health resources and recommendations for supporting public health worker mental health through addressing work stress, stigma reduction, and promoting self-care. Federal resources from CDC and SAMHSA were also highlighted. The webinar aimed to equip state and local partners with mental health tools and best practices for their staff and communities.
Similar to PhRMA Vaccines Deck_05-15_2024_FINAL.pptx (20)
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman we providing the top quality massage services for our customers.
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Basics of Electrocardiogram
CONTENTS
●Conduction System of the Heart
●What is ECG or EKG?
●ECG Leads
●Normal waves of ECG.
●Dimensions of ECG.
● Abnormalities of ECG
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
ECG:
●ECG is a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity precedes the mechanical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity has two phases:
Depolarization- contraction of muscle
Repolarization- relaxation of muscle
ECG Leads:
●6 Chest leads
●6 Limb leads
1. Bipolar Limb Leads:
Lead 1- Between right arm(-ve) and left arm(+ve)
Lead 2- Between right arm(-ve) and left leg(+ve)
Lead 3- Between left arm(-ve)
and left leg(+ve)
2. Augmented unipolar Limb Leads:
AvR- Right arm
AvL- Left arm
AvF- Left leg
3.Chest Leads:
V1 : Over 4th intercostal
space near right sternal margin
V2: Over 4th intercostal space near left sternal margin
V3:In between V2 and V4
V4:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
clavicular line
V5:Over left 5th intercostal space on the anterior
axillary line
V6:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
axillary line.
Normal ECG:
Waves of ECG:
P Wave
•P Wave is a positive wave and the first wave in ECG.
•It is also called as atrial complex.
Cause: Atrial depolarisation
Duration: 0.1 sec
QRS Complex:
•QRS’ complex is also called the initial ventricular complex.
•‘Q’ wave is a small negative wave. It is continued as the tall ‘R’ wave, which is a positive wave.
‘R’ wave is followed by a small negative wave, the ‘S’ wave.
Cause:Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
Duration: 0.08- 0.10 sec
T Wave:
•‘T’ wave is the final ventricular complex and is a positive wave.
Cause:Ventricular repolarization Duration: 0.2 sec
Intervals and Segments of ECG:
P-R Interval:
•‘P-R’ interval is the interval
between the onset of ‘P’wave and onset of ‘Q’ wave.
•‘P-R’ interval cause atrial depolarization and conduction of impulses through AV node.
Duration:0.18 (0.12 to 0.2) sec
Q-T Interval:
•‘Q-T’ interval is the interval between the onset of ‘Q’
wave and the end of ‘T’ wave.
•‘Q-T’ interval indicates the ventricular depolarization
and ventricular repolarization,
i.e. it signifies the
electrical activity in ventricles.
Duration:0.4-0.42sec
S-T Segment:
•‘S-T’ segment is the time interval between the end of ‘S’ wave and the onset of ‘T’ wave.
Duration: 0.08 sec
R-R Interval:
•‘R-R’ interval is the time interval between two consecutive ‘R’ waves.
•It signifies the duration of one cardiac cycle.
Duration: 0.8 sec
Dimension of ECG:
How to find heart rhytm of the heart?
Regular rhytm:
Irregular rhytm:
More than or less than 4
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is Regular :
Heart rate =
300/No.of large b/w 2 QRS complex
= 300/4
=75 beats/mins
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is irregular:
Heart rate = 10×No.of QRS complex in 6 sec 5large box = 1sec
5×6=30
10×7 = 70 Beats/min
Abnormalities of ECG:
Cardiac Arrythmias:
1.Tachycardia
Heart Rate more than 100 beats/min
Cancer treatment has advanced significantly over the years, offering patients various options tailored to their specific type of cancer and stage of disease. Understanding the different types of cancer treatments can help patients make informed decisions about their care. In this ppt, we have listed most common forms of cancer treatment available today.
Simple Steps to Make Her Choose You Every DayLucas Smith
Simple Steps to Make Her Choose You Every Day" and unlock the secrets to building a strong, lasting relationship. This comprehensive guide takes you on a journey to self-improvement, enhancing your communication and emotional skills, ensuring that your partner chooses you without hesitation. Forget about complications and start applying easy, straightforward steps that make her see you as the ideal person she can't live without. Gain the key to her heart and enjoy a relationship filled with love and mutual respect. This isn't just a book; it's an investment in your happiness and the happiness of your partner
Health Tech Market Intelligence Prelim Questions -Gokul Rangarajan
The Ultimate Guide to Setting up Market Research in Health Tech part -1
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
This lays foundation of scoping research project what are the
Before embarking on a research project, especially one aimed at scoping and defining parameters like the one described for health tech IT, several crucial considerations should be addressed. Here’s a comprehensive guide covering key aspects to ensure a well-structured and successful research initiative:
1. Define Research Objectives and Scope
Clear Objectives: Define specific goals such as understanding market needs, identifying new opportunities, assessing risks, or refining pricing strategies.
Scope Definition: Clearly outline the boundaries of the research in terms of geographical focus, target demographics (e.g., age, socio-economic status), and industry sectors (e.g., healthcare IT).
3. Review Existing Literature and Resources
Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of existing research, market reports, and relevant literature to build foundational knowledge.
Gap Analysis: Identify gaps in existing knowledge or areas where further exploration is needed.
4. Select Research Methodology and Tools
Methodological Approach: Choose appropriate research methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, or data analytics.
Tools and Resources: Select tools like Google Forms for surveys, analytics platforms (e.g., SimilarWeb, Statista), and expert consultations.
5. Ethical Considerations and Compliance
Ethical Approval: Ensure compliance with ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.
Data Privacy: Implement measures to protect participant confidentiality and adhere to data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
6. Budget and Resource Allocation
Resource Planning: Allocate resources including time, budget, and personnel required for each phase of the research.
Contingency Planning: Anticipate and plan for unforeseen challenges or adjustments to the research plan.
7. Develop Research Instruments
Survey Design: Create well-structured surveys using tools like Google Forms to gather quantitative data.
Interview and Focus Group Guides: Prepare detailed scripts and discussion points for qualitative data collection.
8. Sampling Strategy
Sampling Design: Define the sampling frame, size, and method (e.g., random sampling, stratified sampling) to ensure representation of target demographics.
Participant Recruitment: Plan recruitment strategies to reach and engage the intended participant groups effectively.
9. Data Collection and Analysis Plan
Data Collection: Implement methods for data gathering, ensuring consistency and validity.
Analysis Techniques: Decide on analytical approaches (e.g., statistical
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson educati...rightmanforbloodline
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson education
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Sectional dentures for microstomia patients.pptxSatvikaPrasad
Microstomia, characterized by an abnormally small oral aperture, presents significant challenges in prosthodontic treatment, including limited access for examination, difficulties in impression making, and challenges with prosthesis insertion and removal. To manage these issues, customized impression techniques using sectional trays and elastomeric materials are employed. Prostheses may be designed in segments or with flexible materials to facilitate handling. Minimally invasive procedures and the use of digital technologies can enhance patient comfort. Education and training for patients on prosthesis care and maintenance are crucial for compliance. Regular follow-up and a multidisciplinary approach, involving collaboration with other specialists, ensure comprehensive care and improved quality of life for microstomia patients.
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More@: https://tinyurl.com/5n8h3wp8
Dr. Sherman Lai, MD — Guelph's Dedicated Medical ProfessionalSherman Lai Guelph
Guelph native Dr. Sherman Lai, MD, is a committed medical practitioner renowned for his thorough medical knowledge and caring patient care. Dr. Lai guarantees that every patient receives the best possible medical care and assistance that is customized to meet their specific needs. She has years of experience and is dedicated to providing individualized health solutions.
1. Spring 2024
Vaccines: A Powerful and
Cost-Effective Tool Protecting
Americans Against Disease
2. 2
CONFIDENTIAL
Vaccines have a successful history in eliminating or
significantly decreasing the incidence of dangerous
diseases
3. 3
CONFIDENTIAL
Vaccines prime your
immune system to
recognize and
combat infections
Different vaccines offer varying types of
protection depending on the disease
Vaccines work by teaching
your body to recognize specific
dangerous pathogens, so your
immune system is prepared to
fight off that infection.
U.S. CDC. Explaining How Vaccines Work. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/conversations/understanding-vacc-work.html
U.S. NIH. How Does the Immune System Work? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279364/
U.S. CDC. Explaining How Vaccines Work. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/conversations/understanding-vacc-work.html
Total Immunity
Target germs and
microbes that do
not change their
structure often
Protection against
Severe Disease
Target germs and
microbes that constantly
change their structure
Therapeutic
Vaccines
Train the immune
system to fight a
disease your body
already has
4. 4
CONFIDENTIAL
Vaccines decrease the severity and impact of some diseases
COVID-19 Flu Whooping Cough
(Pertussis)
COVID-19 vaccines
prevented more than
18 million
hospitalizations
and nearly 3 million
deaths in the first
two years they were
available.
Flu vaccination prevented an
estimated 7.5 million
influenza cases, 3.7 million
medical visits, 105,000
hospitalizations and 6,300
deaths, between 2019-2020 –
the last flu season prior to the
COVID-19 pandemic.
The vaccine for
whooping cough is
effective in reducing
severity of a disease
that previously killed
1 in 10 children who
became infected prior
to the availability of
the vaccine.
https://www.commonwealthfund.org/blog/2022/two-years-covid-vaccines-prevented-millions-deaths-hospitalizations
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/vaccineeffect.htm
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4626586/#:~:text=Both%20whole%2Dcell%20and%20acellular,in%20outbreaks%20in%20vaccinated%20cohorts.
https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/routine-vaccines/routine-vaccines-extraordinary-impact-pertussis
5. 5
CONFIDENTIAL
Vaccines promote healthy aging
Timely vaccination could
help save these lives.
Vaccines promote healthy aging among the 50+ population, which is a major contributor to
our nation’s productivity, economic resilience and GDP growth.
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/886087
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/adults/for-patients/health-conditions.html
https://www.aarp.org/politics-society/advocacy/info-2019/older-americans-economic-impact-growth.html
50+ Population Contributions to U.S. GDP Growth
Vaccine preventable diseases like
influenza and shingles can lead to
increased risk of other conditions
and comorbidities in older adults,
such as cardiovascular and
neurovascular complications.
$0 $5 $10 $15 $20
U.S
GDP (in trillions)
China
U.S. 50+
Population
Japan
Germany
U.K.
$20.5
$13.4
$8.3
$5.0
$4.0
$2.8
7. 7
CONFIDENTIAL
Developing a new
vaccine is a lengthy,
challenging and
expensive process,
largely driven by the
biopharmaceutical
industry
New vaccine development
requires large-scale clinical
trials, and total development
costs that can exceed
$1 billion.
https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/HHS-Vaccines-Report.pdf
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2021. Vaccines
National Strategic Plan 2021–2025. Washington, DC
Research
Academia
Government
Industry
Development
of a New
Vaccine
Capabilities
Expertise
Complex
Manufacturing
Partners
8. 8
CONFIDENTIAL
The U.S. leads the world in developing innovative vaccine technology
https://www.researchamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/ResearchAmerica-Investment-Report.Final_.January-2022-1.pdf
https://info.evaluate.com/rs/607-YGS-364/images/2022%20World%20Preview%20Report.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151793/
The U.S. biopharmaceutical industry
alone accounts for
more than half
of global biopharmaceutical R&D spending
Over the past 20 years,
most new vaccines approved worldwide
have been developed in the
United States
9. 9
CONFIDENTIAL
U.S. leadership in vaccine innovation benefits Americans in
several ways
The biopharmaceutical industry's years of research and investments in vaccine
technologies yields a range of benefits
Health benefits Security benefits Health system
Life-saving vaccines for
children and adults
16 diseases are now preventable
in the U.S. due to the development
and availability of childhood
vaccines, and the introduction of a
new shingles vaccine in 2017 has
reduced the risk of shingles
among older adults by 90%.
The ability to develop vaccines
quickly and without relying on other
countries makes America more secure
The U.S was able to mobilize quickly
to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic with
a safe and effective vaccine in record time,
saving millions from severe illness
and death and well over billions in avoidable
health care costs.
Vaccine preventable
diseases, and conditions
like flu, pneumococcal
disease, shingles and
whooping cough, cost
$27 billion in direct and
indirect costs each year
among adults over the age
of 50.
https://phrma.org/-/media/Project/PhRMA/PhRMA-Org/PhRMA-Org/PDF/medicines-in-development-for-vaccines-2020.pdf
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/events/niiw/overview.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/shingles/public/shingrix/index.html#:~:text=In%20adults%2050%20to%2069,%2C%20Shingrix%20was%2089%25%20effective.
Meagan C. Fitzpatrick et al., “Two Years of U.S. COVID-19 Vaccines Have Prevented Millions of Hospitalizations and Deaths,” To the Point (blog), Commonwealth Fund, Dec. 13, 2022. https://doi.org/10.26099/whsf-fp90
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(22)00140-7/fulltext
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health
10. 10
CONFIDENTIAL
Childhood vaccines produce significant savings
Each dollar invested in pediatric immunization alone results in $7.50 in savings for
health systems and society
https://www.rtihs.org/updates-and-events/impact-routine-childhood-immunization
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/vfc/protecting-children.html
Childhood vaccines
prevented more than
one million
early deaths and
saved nearly
$2.2 trillion
between 1994–2021
$63.0
$8.5
$0.0
$10.0
$20.0
$30.0
$40.0
$50.0
$60.0
$70.0
Without childhood immunization With childhood immunization
Estimated Economic Cost of Vaccine Preventable Diseases
in the U.S. Among Children Born in 2017
Total
costs,
billions
U.S.
$
11. 11
CONFIDENTIAL
Vaccine preventable diseases cost the U.S. billions of dollars each
year
Ozawa S, Portnoy A, et al. “Modeling The Economic Burden Of Adult Vaccine-Preventable Diseases In The United States, 2016.” Health Affairs 35, No. 11 (2016): 2124-2132.
https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0462
Rose, Adam. “COVID-19 economic impacts in perspective: A comparison to recent U.S. disasters, 2021.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2021; Volume 60, 15 June 2021, 102317.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420921002831?via%3Dihub
$0 $2 $4 $6 $8
$540 Million
$782 Million
$1.9 Billion
$5.8 Billion
All other VPDs
(incl. Hepatitis, MMR,
Tetanus & Pertussis)
Herpes
zoster
Pneumococcal
disease
Flu
Annual Costs Associated with Major Vaccine Preventable
Diseases
U.S. Dollars
The COVID-19
pandemic’s
total economic
impacts in the U.S.
are estimated to be
$6.12 trillion,
twice as great as
those of the Great
Recession of 2008
12. 12
CONFIDENTIAL
Recent Successes
As we continue to expand our understanding of science, the future
of vaccine development is more promising than ever
To deliver on the promise of this ongoing research, it is vital that the
biopharmaceutical policy environment supports advancements in science and
recognizes the role of vaccines in improving public health and enabling future
pandemic preparedness.
Pipeline Promises
https://phrma.org/-/media/Project/PhRMA/PhRMA-Org/PhRMA-Org/PDF/medicines-in-development-for-vaccines-2020.pdf
Resounding success from
decades of research
resulting in new vaccines
for deadly diseases,
including recent
advances for shingles,
COVID-19, chikungunya
virus and RSV
Hundreds of vaccines are currently in
development
to help prevent and fight disease across a
range of conditions from HIV, cancers, malaria
and more.
Supporting
Future Vaccines
13. 13
CONFIDENTIAL
As a result, almost 50 million
Part D-enrolled beneficiaries will
now have access to these
vaccines without cost sharing.
Policymakers can support and protect advances in vaccines
Policymakers should ensure promising new vaccines and
vaccine technology receive appropriate coverage by:
Reauthorizing critical provisions in the Pandemic and All Hazards Preparedness Act;
Protecting intellectual property to defend American biopharmaceutical research,
development, manufacturing and collaboration; and
Rejecting policies that would undermine intellectual property protections.
https://avalere.com/insights/several-changes-to-adult-vaccine-access-enacted-through-ira
https://www.cms.gov/data-research/statistics-trends-and-reports/medicare-advantagepart-d-contract-and-enrollment-data
PhRMA supports the policy that
eliminated vaccine cost sharing in
Medicare Part D for all ACIP-
recommended adult vaccines starting
January 1, 2023.
Present policy... ...leads to future protection