The document details procedures for measuring cervical spine range of motion using goniometry, including cervical flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation. It outlines testing positions, stabilization requirements, motion techniques, end-feels, goniometer alignment, and tape measurement methods for each action. The descriptions ensure proper technique to assess the cervical spine's functional mobility.

1. CERVICAL SPINE
GONIOMETRY
VIBHUTI NAUTIYAL
MPT (MUSCULOSKELETAL)

2. CERVICAL FLEXION
 Occurs in the sagittal plane
 Mediolateral axis
i. Testing position:
 Sitting position
 Thoracic and lumbar spine well supported by the back of the chair
 Head in zero degree of rotation and lateral flexion
ii. Stabilization:
 Stabilize the shoulder girdle and chest by using a strap

3. iii. Testing motion:
 Put one hand on the back of the subjects head
 Other hand, hold the subjects chin
 Push gently but firmly on the back of the patients head to move the head
anteriorly
 Pull the patients chin toward the chest to move the subject through flexion ROM
 End of the ROM occurs when further motion is restricted or further attempts at
flexion cause forward flexion of the trunk

4. iv. End feel: firm
v. Goniometer alignment:
 Fulcrum: over the external auditory meatus
 Proximal arm: perpendicular to the ground
 Distal arm: base of the nares or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tongue
depressor
vi. Tape measurement: measure the distance between the tip of the chin and the
lower edge of the sternal notch

6. CERVICAL EXTENSION
 Occurs in the sagittal plane
 Around a mediolateral axis
i. Testing motion:
 Sitting position
 Thoracic and lumbar spine well supported by the back of a chair
 Head in zero degree of rotation and lateral flexion
ii. Stabilization:
 Stabilize the shoulder girdle and chest to prevent external of the thoracic and lumbar
spine
 Strap also may be used

7. iii. Testing motion:
 Put one hand on the back of the subjects head
 Other hand, hold the subjects chin
 Push gently but firmly upward and posterior on the chin to move the head in
extension
 End of the ROM occurs when resistance to further motion is felt and further
attempts at extension cause extension of the trunk.
iv. End feel: firm

8. v. Goniometer alignment:
 Fulcrum: over the external auditory meatus
 Proximal arm: perpendicular to the ground
 Distal arm: base of the nares or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tongue
depressor
vi. Tape measurement: measure the distance between the mark at the sternal
notch and tip of the chin at the end of extension ROM

10. CERVICAL LATERAL FLEXION
 Occurs in frontal plane
 AP axis
i. Testing position:
 Sitting
 Cervical spine in zero degree of flexion, extension and rotation
ii. Stabilisation:
 Stabilize the shoulder girdle and chest
 To prevent lateral flexion of the thoracic spine and lumbar spine

11. iii. Testing motion:
 Grabs the subjects head at the top and side
 Pull the head towards the shoulder
 End of the motion occurs when resistance is felt and further attempts cause lateral
flexion of trunk
iv. End feel: firm
v. Goniometer alignment:
 Fulcrum: C7 spinous process
 Proximal arm: perpendicular to the ground
 Distal arm: parallel to the occiput

12. vi. Tape measurement: measure the distal between the tip of the acromion process
and tip of the ear at the end of the lateral flexion ROM

14. CERVICAL ROTATION
 Transverse plane
 Vertical axis
i. Testing position
 Sitting
 Thoracic and lumbar spine supported
 Spine in zero degree of flexion, extension and lateral flexion
ii. Stabilization:
 Shoulder girdle and chest
 Prevent rotation of the thoracic and lumbar spine
 Strap around the chest

15. iii. Testing motion:
 Grab the subjects chin and rotate the head to the shoulder
iv. End- feel: firm
v. Goniometer alignment:
 Fulcrum: centre of the cranial aspect
 Proximal arm: imaginary line between 2 acromion process
 Distal arm: parallel to the tip of nose or tongue depressor
vi. Tape measurement: measure the distance between chin and acromion process