This document provides information about Solanum khasianum, including its biological and geographical sources, cultivation methods, macroscopic features, chemical constituents containing solasodine and alkaloids, and uses where solasodine is extracted and converted to steroidal compounds like testosterone and corticosteroids that have anti-inflammatory, anabolic, and contraceptive properties.

1. Glycoalkaloids
Solanum
Prepared by,
Ms. M. S. Divya Sree,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Pharmacognosy,
Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy,
Tirupati.

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Solanum khasianum
o Synonym : European black nightshade
o Biological Source
It consist of dried berries of Solanum Khasianum C. B. Clarke,
family Solanaceae.
o Geographical source
In India found at various altitudes from costal region - up to 2000m.
In hilly regions of India, Central India and China.
It is commercially cultivated in Maharashtra, Akola-Jalgoan tract

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Cultivation and Collection
Cultivated from seeds either through nursery bed or by direct
broadcasting
Seeds sown in nursery bed - after sufficient growth of seedling
they are transplanted in to open fields at 50 X 50 cm.
Well drained soil and sunny atmosphere are preferred.
Fertilizers are given.
 After six months plants are harvested for collection of berries.
 Drug is dried in shade to reduce moisture content.

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Macroscopy
oBerries are yellowish to green in colour.
oGlobose (globular form) and 2.5 cm in diameter
o Seeds are compressed smooth and brown in
colour

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Chemical Constituents
• It contains steroidal glycoside solasodine (3%)
• Berries contain greenish yellow fixed oil (8-10%)
• Solasodine can be converted to a group of compounds
like testosterone and methyl testosterone and
corticosteroids like predinisolone and hydrocortisone
• Mucilage surrounding part of seed contain highest
amount of alkaloids.

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•Immature and over ripe fruit – contain negligible
amount of alkaloids.
•Maximum alkaloid content – when fruits change
colour from green to yellow.

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Uses
• Solasodine is precursor for steroidal synthesis
• Solasodine is first converted to 16-dehydro-pregnenolone (16
DPA), which is then converted to a group of compounds like
testosterone and methyl testosterone and corticosteroids like
predinisolone and hydrocortisone.
• These steroidal compounds have anti-inflammatory, anabolic
and antifertility properties, sex hormones, oral contraceptives
properties.